Tobacco Documents Online

A C S C R I T I C I S M (page four) ...The tobacco lobbyist I spoke of previously is a director of the Wyoming Heart Association ((who)) did not disclose this information to others on the board ((but was)) very helpful with the fund raising and politics that are needed for heart fund activities. It also became obvious that he used the same power to effectively block any public education about the health hazards of smoking... a clear conflict of interest... I have seen ((the tobacco industry's)) tactics in my small town of Cheyenne and I wonder what other schemes they are up to on a national scale in the cancer society. Robert Taylor, M.D., orthopedic surgeon, Cheyenne, Wyoming; 5/12 Denver, pp. 6-7. ... As I look at this board, I wonder could one of you people be being paid under the table, on the side ... I'm not accusing you. I can't be- lieve that you fellows could sneak by here. But I'll bet you that some- where in this cancer organization there could be a retired general that's got a conflict of interest and is effectively blocking our programs. .. I've seen their dirty tricks in Wyoming. .. Robert Taylor, M.D., orthopedic surgeon, Cheyenne; Wyoming; 5/12 Denver, Tape 2, Rev. 255. ... The cancer society needs to take a close look at every member on every level and see what tricks ... who they've infiltrated ... Robert Taylor, M.D., orthopedic surgeon, Cheyenne, Wyoming; 5/12 Denver, Tape 2, Rev. 257. A legal petition has been filed by John Banzhaf's organization asking the FDA to assert its jurisdiction over cigarets containing nicotine and to regulate them. Will the Cancer Society at long last show some guts and act? I hope the answer is a loud and strong "YES." I urge the ACS to give this legal petition every kind of strong support. The credibility of the ACS is at stake right now. Alexander R. Beard, unscheduled witness, 6/16 Philadelphia p.2. Quietly, without coughing at all, I developed what my surgeon described in his report as a "huge" tumor five centimeters across with localized spread into several lymph nodes. Could it be that the publicity given to "cough or hoarseness" creates a false sense of security in the minds of some smokers? Rodney P. Adair, lung cancer victim, vice president, Interpol, New York City, 6/16, Philadelphia, p.4. CONFIDENTIAL: TIMN 288517 MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION i

-5- A C S C R I T I C I S M (page five) Question: Doctor, you've advocated more research, particularly in the field of changing people's motivation. The ACS for years has wanted to have more research in this area, but we get a very few applications. Mausner: The ACS, I beg to differ, sir, has consistently turned down most grant requests in this area in the last five or six years... And I know of several that have been turned down that might have looked promising. Bernard Mausner, Ph.D., prof. of psych., Beaver College, Glenside, PA., Philadelphia 6/16/77, Reel 1, Side 2, rev. 446. I may be misled, but I called up the state office of the Cancer Society, and I understand they have a room provided for smokers. So they can smoke generally now in there. But I have been at the national office and they were smoking, and I have been in the state office, and they were smoking. ...I don't think there ought to be any smoking; I think it ought to be enforced. Richard H. Overholt, M.D., thoracic surgeon, Dedham, Mass., 6/2 Boston,*Tape 1, side 1, rev. 1144. I would suggest that it ((dialogue between the tobacco industry, health officials, government, etc.)) starts informally and that it be done by high-ranking people in the American Cancer Society or members of this Commission, and that it should be done not in front of the lights but that it should be done quietly behind the scenes, and I think what you'll discover as I said in my presentation that you'll learn very quickly that the industry is very internally divided. The only time they become cohesive in terms of their views is when they feel they are dealing with a bunch of fanatical zealots.who want to eliminate cigarette smoking. Kenneth M. Friedman, Ph.D., Asst. Professor, Dept. of Political Science, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind., 5/25 Chicago, Tape 1, side 2, rev. 668. The points that I had wanted to make that I suggest the American Cancer Society might want to consider, to some extent, questions what you are doing on this Commission, which I do. First I think you ought to consider establishing a group to begin a thorough investigation of policy options, their costs and benefits. I would consider what you are doing now simply airing rather than thorough investigation. This was an idea that has long historical precedent. The Surgeon General's Commission had originally intended to have a second portion of their report. That was never followed up on. The results turned out to be too controversial and the federal govern- ment wasn't ready at the time to do anything. And as I said before, the past efforts have really always had kickers in them. They haven't worked the way they were intended and I don't want to go through them but they have been really disastrous, it seems to me, from the standpoint of the health interest groups. You've symbolically won major battles but you've lost wars. Kenneth M. Friedman, Ph.D., Asst. Professor, Dept. of Political Science, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind., 5/25 Chicago, Tape 2, rev. 9. , TIMN 288518

A C S C R I T I C I S M (page six) I think the ACS ought to come out for more than they have. They have been very reluctant as far as I know in my area and most areas, to get involved as witnesses, based on documented scientific evidence to support this kind of legislation in legislative forums... (rev. 288.) ...the ACS ((should)) join the lung association, which has been fabulous, fabulous in all this around the state.t Now they say it might affect con- tributions and get them embroiled in controversies...ACS ought to be helping us. (rev. 373.) Steven Sklar, Maryland House of Delegates, Baltimore, Md., 6/16 Phila., Tape 1, side 2. (former ACS Md. State board) One last thing I have to say, and this is at the risk of creating some enemies within this Society. I'd like to make the observation that with all these facts before them, we have members of this Society...who still smoke cigarettes, knowing what they know. Joseph Harner, M.D., president of Ala. ACS Div., Anniston, Ala., 6/14 Atlanta, Tape 1, side 2, rev. 441. My second policy recominendation'to the Cancer Society is that they themselves set a proper example. They can take two actions immediately that will be consistent with their objectives. First, ban smoking in all regional and national society offices. They should request, respectively, that all employees of the Society abstain from smoking when any other person might see them. Employees of any health agency should not condone cigarette smok- ing practice in public. In a country with high unemployment and where the majority of the adults are non-smokers there should be no problem in recruit- ment. Richard H. Overholt, M.D., thoracic surgeon, Dedham, Mass., 6/2, Boston, p. 3. .1 do not believe that the American Cancer Society or the American Heart Association should employ anyone or accept any volunteer who smokes. If we don't believe in our message how can we convert others? Just adopting such a policy would cause many such employees and volunteers to stop. Robert L. Schmitz, M.D., Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, board member of Ill. ACS, Chicago, Ill., 5/25 Chicago, p. 3. ~ .. . We believe that you should first try to protect the individuals who have shown that they can resist the media hype, before you try to save the smokers from themselves. Roger Dale Setters, President, GASP, Louisville Chapter, Louisville, Ky., 6/14 Atlanta, p. 5. CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 288519

-7- A C S C R I T I C I S M (page seven) There are several societies and organizations engaged in antismoking programs, all in different directions, going nowhere, and accomplishing very little: The American Cancer Society (Georgia Division) and its facilitator program, and a feeble effort to get into schools, the Georgia Lung Association, the Georgia Thoracic Society, the Geor ia Heart Association, ((and)) Smokenders (a private group)... Hoke Wammock, M.D., Enoch Callaway Cancer Clinic, LaGrange, Ga., 6/14 Atlanta, p. 15. ...reducing tar and nicotine dosage will more likely produce much'more successful health consequences than the apparently symbolically satis- fying, but relatively inpffective "war against cigarettes." Kenneth M. Friedman, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Purdue University, Dept. of Political Science, West Lafayette, Indiana, 5/25 Chicago, p. 3. 1 I CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 288520 I

A D D I C T I 0 N ...cigarettes should be labeled a drug. Dolphin Lair, accused felon, L.A., 3/22LA state- ment,• p. 1. I'm not arguing with any dummy who says it's just a habit. I know it's an addiction... George Crawford, Ph.D., Weber St. College, Odgen, Utah, 3/22LA statement, p. 2. The most effective things we can do to succeed in Target Five are:... 3. Reject all compromises of low tar, etc. cigarettes because these are nothing but ways of selling more cigarettes for the addicts to get their highs. George Crawford, Ph.D., Weber St. College, Odgen, Utah, 3/22LA statement, p. 8. I cannot stand idly by while we fail to apply that kind of knowledge ((use of laboratory tests)) to the problems which the addicted cigarette smoker faces in trying to understand his addiction and to quantify his progress toward breaking it. John R. Goldsmith, M.D., public health and pulmonary disease specialist, California State Dept. of Health, 3/22LA Tape 2, rev. 505. We have had with us for a long time individuals who think that somehow this can all be explained away by some kind of physiological addiction to nicotine. The scientific evidence on that point has grown rapidly to show that you cannot account for smoking behavior on the basis of some such simple kind of physical addiction to nicotine that is proposed and there is good evidence to show that this is not so. Daniel Horn, Ph.D., as cited by ACS LA Film, 3/22LA. Suppose you reduce the nicotine, which is the addicting substance. Let's say the person then starts inhaling more. If you reduce the nicotine alone and you start to inhale more, you'll absorb more carbon monoxide. And so you have a problem there. Wilbert S. Aronow, M.D., cardiovascular specialist, Long Beach VA Hospital, 3/22LA statement, tape 3, rev. 638. I Whether nicotine is addicting is an open question. Dr. Robert Shank, National Commission on Smoking & Public Policy, interviewed by Ann Keith, KMOX, "At Your Service," 5/17/77, St. Louis, p. 3 (transcript). TIMN 288521

A D D I C T I 0 N (page two) Q: Is cigarette smoking an addiction? A: The short answer is no. A more detailed answer would say that there is a pharmacological reaction to smoking, probably caused by nicotine, or else people wouldn't smoke. However, people do not become as much addicted to the nicotine as they do to all the surrounding habits, emotions, attitudes, and associations of smoking. ACS Handout, 5/17 Seattle, p. 4. I am convinced that cigarette smoking is truly addicting as science is now showing. Robert Taylor, M.D., orthopedic surgeon, Cheyenne, Wyo., 5/12 Denver, p. 3. Tobacco products should be put under tha jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tobacco can be construed as a drug in every way. Stanley Stein, Pharmacist, The Colorado Pharmacal Association, 5/12 Denver, p. 3. There is a steady progression of those hooked on cigarettes from the 10th grade to the 12th grade. Norma Keeton, Counselor, Parkview High School, Little Rock, Ark., 5/12 Denver, p. 2. It's been harder to stay off cigarettes than to get a Ph.D., in clinical psychology...My own feelings, those of others,•and research...lead me to conclude that smoking is an addiction, if_we use recidivism as the criteria for abstinence, an addiction as potent as heroin... Dr. J. P. Herter, Clinical Psychologist, Jackson Hole, Wyo., 5/12 Denver, p. 1. ...66% of all smokers said that they never would have started had they known that nicotine was addicting--had they known that they'd be hooked. Dr. J. P. Herter, Clinical Psychologist, Jackson Hole, Wyo., 5/12 Denver, p. 2. One puff is taken for a try--not too good, but then another try, and by the third time the reinforcement outweighs the aversive properties of tobacco and we have a budding addiction. 1. A preventative anti-smoking campaign must stress the addictive aspects of smoking. Addiction must be adequately defined. Dr. J. P. Herter, Clinical Psychologist, Jackson Hole, Wyo., 5/12 Denver, p. 3. TIMN 288522 CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

A D D I C T I 0 N (page three) C) Cigarette smoking, probably because of the alkaloid content, is habituating, so that in addition to the somatic effect the behavioral and psychic effect represent major public health problems. The onset of smoking in late grammar school and in high school years virtually assures the continuation of the habit in a majority of those who start to smoke cigarettes. The difficulty in reversing habituation to any psychopharmacologic agent is well known and the costs in addressing this aspect of the problem though difficult to specifically quantify are very large. Dr. Paul Kotin, medical director, Johns-Manville, 5/12 Denver. , p. 3. Eighth grade girls seem to be heaviest users, not only of tobacco but other drugs as well. Don Shaw, Coordinator of Health Education, Jefferson County Schools, Denver, Co1o., 5/12 Denver, p. 1. ...the nicotine abusing teen-ager... Zenon Deputat, teacher, North Tonawanda (N.Y.) Public Schools, 6/16 Philadelphia, p. 1. Smoking is often used as a crutch for teenagers who use the excuse that they are "hooked" on cigarettes to continue their smoking which is really a social prop used to look "cool". ' John Dean, high school student, Mamaroneck, New York, 6/16 Philadelphia, p. 1. ...the premise that nicotine is a drug... George Browne, Commissioner, Dept. of Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Nassau County, New York, 6/16 Philadelphia, p. 2. The acceptance of the fact that, since nicotine is a drug with known physiologic effects and has been shown to have addicting properties, it should rightly fall under the control of the F.D. and A. J. Mostyn Davis, M.D.,P.C., Shamokin, PA.,,6/16 Philadelphia, p.2. Why should we, the American people, allow one industry to get rich by peddling an addictive and deadly pai,son? And why should we allow the government to share in this dirty money, while at the same making half- hearted token gestures toward discouraging the consumption of this poison? Leonard Bachman, M.D., PA Sec. of Health, 6/16 Philadelphia, p.9. CONFIDENTIAL: TIMN 288523 MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION I

A D D I C T I O N (page four) A complex over learned habit such as smoking... Ernst Wynder, M.D., Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention and the Health Maintenance institute, American Health Foundation, 6/16 Philadelphia,, p. 6. ...babies may be born addicted to nicotine and suffer withdrawal symptoms for the three months it takes the nicotine to gotten out of the babi.es' systems. Janith Stewart Kice, M.D., Garden City, New York, 6/16 Philadelphia, p. 2. People go on smoking for sinister reasons, because nicotine is a drug of addiction and once hooked becomes extremely difficult to get off. It's also a unique drug in that it provides relaxation at the same time it (?) subject remains alert. No other drugs we have in medicine, like valium and the other drugs that calm people down provides those two things, relaxation, while remaining alert. Withdrawal symptons can be very real to people addicted to nicotine. Roger Secker-Walker, Director of the Pulmonary Division, Dept. of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 5/19 St. Louis, Tape 2, side 1, rev. 351. Nicotine is a powerful stimulant and is clearly addictive, both pharma- cologically and phychologically. Ernest W. Johnson, M.D., Chairman, Dept. of Physical Medicine_, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 5/25 Chicago, page 2. Active efforts must be made to prohibit promotion of this insidiously addicting habit. Ernest W. Johnson, M.D., Chairman, Dept. of Physical Medicine , Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 5/25 Chicago, page 3. Many of us fail to realize that the nicotine in tobacco is a habituating substance. It results in a dependence that shows many of the withdrawal symptoms that often occur from other drugs. The smoker builds a tolerance to the nicotine in tobacco smoke and some students of the subject feel this is a contributing cause to many smokers increasing their smoking habit. Paul Q. Peterson, M.D., Director, Illinois Dept. of Public Health, 5/25 Chicago, page 2. CONFIDENTIAL: TIMN 288524 MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

-12- A D D I C T I O N (page five) Peer pressure and availability encourage smoking; addiction perpetuates it. Sherwyn Warren, M.D., Chairman, Illinois Interagency Council on Smoking and Disease, Winnetka, Ill., 5/25 Chicago, page 2. ... I don't think the smoking problem is an intellectual one but more of a gut-level one and the need for something to take its place, to replace that coping method, method if you will, or that addiction ... L. Loring Brock, M.D., Director, Heart-Lung Center, Denver; 5/12 Denver, Tape 1, Rev. 364. Duval: Then this is a social addiction not a pharmacological addiction. Herter: I think it could be both. . Merlin DuVal, NCSPP panel member, and Dr. J.P. Herter, Clinical Psychologist, Jackson Hole, Wyoming; 5/12 Denver, Tape 2, rev. 209-210. I think it's about time we called cigarette smoking a dirty, stinking rotten addiction for most people. Now, not everyone. . . is addicted, but for a lot of people it's a dirty, stinking addiction. D. S. Bachman, M.D., Little Rock, Ark.; 5/12 Denver, Tape 4, rev. 118. The time has come to limit ((cigarette)) production to the absolute requirements of those addicted to nicotine. Richard H. Overholt, M.D., thoracic surgeon, Dedham, Mass., 6/2 Boston, p. 1. Demand a debate on the fact that nicotine is an addictive drug. it should be controlled by the Food and Drug Administration. Richard H. Overholt, M.D., thoracic surgeon, Dedham, Mass., 6/2 Boston, p. 2. People take up smoking because of peer pressures. phenomenon. Down through the that is innate to man...It is have to be recognized when we It's a social kind of eons of evolution, smoking is not something addicting and I think that all of those things talk about why the problem exists today. Jesse Steinfeld, M.D., former surgeon general, now dean of the Medical College of Virginia, VCU, Richmond, at ACS 2/1/77 news conference, NYC, rev. 576. CONFIDENTIAL: TIMN 288525 MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

A D D I C T I O N (page six) There wouldn't be 50 million smokers in this country today if it were easy for people to quit after they'd started. It's not easy. It is an addiction. Dr. Luther Terry, former surgeon general, educational consultant, at ACS 2/1/77 news conference, NYC, rev. 9. Why does a person who has given up cigarette smoking go back to the habit? A major reason is doubtless the habit factor. In addition (sic), a psychological need has been established, based on the oral and manual gratification of handling a cigarette, lighting it, putting it between the lips, etc. ACS Handout to press at Philadelphia forum 6/16/77. Cigarette smoking...can be a powerful addiction. Rodney P. Adair, lung cancer victim, vice president, Interpol, New York City, Philadelphia 6/16/77, p. 2. Many untold, perhaps millions of individuals have stopped smoking without the aid of specific help, without clinics, without particular techniques, and as a response to information. ...those individuals who simply stop, who are able to stop smoking on the basis of media, and media information.... Brendan A. Aiaher, Ph.D., Professor of the Psychology of Personality and Chairman, Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass., 6/2 Boston, Tape 1, side 1, rev. 969. It's been proven in England that in their alcohol, addiction, drug, and dependent drug center, that nicotine is a more dependent-type drug than virtually any of the other barbiturates, amphetamines, and so forth that have been studied in the clinic. Samuel E. Molind, D.M.D., oral pathologist, Montpelier, Vt., 6/2 Boston, Tape 2, side 1, rev. 528. There is no question in my mind that in my reading and my experience with patients that it is the nicotine that is addictive. I don't have any thought that the other components of the cigarette smoking have any real 'hang' to it type of hold on the smoker. I feel that it is the nicotine that is addictive. Laurence H. Bates, M.D., Meridian Medical, Indianapolis, Ind., 5/25 Chicago, Tape 2, side 2, rev. 270. Nicotine is basically a drug. It was in the U.S. Pharmacopeia up until 1906. Some of the people don't seem to know that it is an addicting drug. Ernest W. Johnson, M.D., Director of Physical Medicine, Ohio State Univ. School of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, 5/25 Chicago, Tape 1, rev. 410. TIMN 288526