Tobacco Documents Online

4 In evretivL., j "Smoker's Weight Loss System" by Ray Mummery. %I.D.. advocates the use of "modemte" smoking to shed pounds: it is bound to be controversial. The doctor's premise is that smoking and the acuvny involved in smuktng, is an "oral gfattficatton." "That is whv a low-'tar' filter ciea- rette-of whtch %ou are going to,moke unh half-can he turned into avtable ,ubtititute for a chocula(e.:overed doughnut." %tummery wntes. The new paperback book is published hy Playboy Press. Slummery is a Fellow of the American Academy of Family Practice and a medical con- ,ultant to the state of Florida. He is on the medical staffs of two Miami hospitals, and is an assistant professor of family medicine at the University of Miami. "The Smoker's Diet is based upon Economic Importance Cottt from Pg. 3 tobacco products." Miller says. for a total of S6.2 billion in 1977. °Nationally, excise taxes are about 3 times the amount U.S. farmers receive for their tobacco:' Miller says. These tobacco taxes accounted for 0.7 per- cent of total federal tax receipts. the equivalent of collections on motor vehicles or telephone services. "State and local governments re- ceive about 2 percent of their tax rev- enue from cigarette and other tobacco products' excise taxes." the economist says. .ne re.uiuuun„r. ;ueu m t .uuuc,rr.e some pleasure while you diet." 'Aum- mery writes. "Smuking-in moderaaon-can give yuu a great deal of pleasure. Smoking- or going through its mutions-can be a great aid in dieting, and used with logic and discretiun. it can cause wu ven little hturrt." Mummery ,tdi,ocate, unly "hght" smoking. "ten to fifteen cigarette," a day. That "is not parttcularly harmful. especially when contrasted with the danger ~)f heart attacki. diabetes. kidney adment,. and evere emotional stress-all of which escalate wtth an overweight cunditton." "Smokmg. e,pectally without mhal- me-is far less dangerous than an over- worked heart which must pump blood through the exce„ twu hundred pounds of flesh on %our tive-ftwt-three-mch ftame:' he writes. "Any sort ufself-indulgence-in any- thing that makes you feel good. be it drink. a cigarette. a chocolate bar. or a mild flirtation with your bank teller- must be bad for you. right? ' :titost emphatically-nrnn4.' Mum- mery says. Agricultura "Since the settlement of the English colonies in Jamestown. tobacco has been an important source of American income." Miller writes. "Historians record that the settlement of Virginia would have been a failure but for the rapid expansion ofJohn Rolfe's tobacco growing venture in 1612." Miller says that "tobacco is one of the few crops that can utilize family labor and still provide a reasonable income on a small farm." He explains. though. that these small farms "hire or exchange sizable amounts of labor for peak seasonal requirements." One study of flue-cured tobacco harvesting showed that more than 50 . ........... . ..,,, David C. ;NcLean. The Tobacco Institute's West Coast Public Ajfairs Manager. spoke recentlv at the Washington State Association of Candy and Tobacco Dis- tributors meeting in Spokane. This hour-long session is an e.rample uf'a TI em- plopee providing information and insight to people in the tobacco industry about the problems it faces. '.-i., s uu,.Lur. l.im e~ery nu a, aw:are as you are of the U.S. Surgeon Gener• al's report that atd smoking could be harmful. "However. I have continued smok- ing myself. and I find it a viable tool to recommend in the struggle for weight lu,,. ,imply because I:un aware of what the Surgeon Generai's report actually said: that heurv smoking can be hatmful." Mummery writes. "You will find that tobacco in moderation is not the culprit it has been hranded." "One of the nicest things about a cgarette tlow-tar.' filter tip is always suggested by me to my patientsi is that it has no caluries-absolutely nune:' Stummery wntes. "To light up a cigarette instead of biting into a prune Danish. and to feel good about it. will make a world of difference in the attitude of a chronicallv overweight person.:u well as his size." the Florida physician says. Mummery says that smoking is relaxing, that "the totality of the personality is immersed in the act of smoking-and thoughts of food are forgonen." He writes that "some scientists percent of the workers were less than 18 years old: over two-thirds were black. and more than half were female. "Tobacco production provides employment for many women and children, handicapped. older persons. and unskilled persons with few alter- native employment opportunities;' the Dept. of Agriculture report says. "Income generated in tobacco fatm- ing in 1977 was SL3 billion:' Miller says: $600 million of that for wages. He points out that producers "spend over four-tenths of their cash receipts from tobacco for such crop expenses as fertilizer. chemicals, gasoline. petro- leum. and curing facilities." "These crop expenses amount to almost $I billion annually." Tobacco is grown in 23 states. Miller says. North Carolina. Kentucky. South Carolina. Virginia. and Georgia are the top five in tobacco cash receipts. But leaf is also grown in Indiana. Connecti- cut.Wisconsin. Pennsylvania.andOhio. Marketing In 1976. there were 175 tobacco markets. Miller says. where tobacco is auctioned. Owners of these markets earned $75 million for selling the crop, and paid $20 million in salaries. After it is purchased, the tobacco is usually redried. Some 90 establish- ments, employing 12.000 and paying more than S67 million in wages, are involved. Dtatributiny "About 3.000 wholesalers handle tobacco products." Miller says. At the retail level. 610.000 outlets in 1976 sold tobacco products. That total includes 210.000 regular retail outlets (with payrolls) and some 400.000 cig- arette vending machine locations. Miller estimates that 200,000 peopk. earning $2 billion annually, are em- ployed in wholesale and retail establish- ments because of tobacco sales. tneunte n.tt innateu igarette ,muke provides the hloud .vuh more u+udtng power so that it burn, food uff more qutckly and cumpletely. "And experiments have also huwn that ntcuttne works internally to reduce the amount that fotxls add to the body's fat supply." He recommends that anyone :on- ,idenng his diet seek the adv ice uf thetr own personal phy,tctan. especially if they are yuung, are pregnant or have heart problem,. We said at the uut,et this wuuld he rnntru+ersial. Jeff Feinman. president of the company promoting the htwk. says it has been criticized hy other phy,tcians. "lt', fashionable now in the medical community to be anti-tubacLu." Fein• man says, "Alummery sticks by what he has written." And that include,, "The mental relaxation provided hy a few puffs on your favorite luw-'tar.' filter-up cigarette or your httle Jeweled pipe will give you that moment's complete freedom from anxiety in which to turn aside the temptation of strawberry cheesecake." Smoking has been poor-mouthed for a long time and since in the Land of the Free we're famous for the right to hear both sides, the time is ripe for rebuttal. Tobacco was a blessing to the British colonists settling in Virginia. Exporting it was the only way they could keep the colony afloat. In 1961, they celebrated the 400th anniversary of its arrival in France. In 1561 the French ambassador, Jean Nicot. was sent to marry off Queen Catherine de' Medici's daughter to the King of Portugal. He failed. But he came back with an American plant that was so royally received that its most important ingredient was named in his honor-"Nicotine." And the Queen. sniffing snuff. sneezed hard enough to clear the royal sinuses, curing an incessant headache that had plagued her for years. Tobacco has many defenders but few are rising to rebut. Mark Twain. an ardent defender, wasn't afraid to: He said, "!t has been my rule never to smoke when asleep and never to refrain when awake:' He died a young whip- persnapper of 85. EDITOR'S NOTE: Our new by- liner ig P.J. HoRsttrom, a retired newspaper cohunnisi. The Tobacco Observer I I TI KU 000000814 TIMN 012?155

GASP Douses Lewis Visit WICHITA. Kan.-Cumedian Jeny sonal injury damage. assault and bat- spokesman said. Lewis was forced to cancel a chanty tery: it is illegal and is an abusive use of Lewis is especially known for his appearance here for the,14 uscular Dys- , private business property." annual Labor Day nationwide telethon trophy Association 1S1DA) when a Howe.er. Lewis °canceled his ap- to raise money to fight 1ID. a disease group of anti-smokers threatened to pearance un the adv ice of his ,ecunty characterized by wasnng oi the muscles " Jern• Lewis douse him with water if he smoked while on TV. A newsletter of the organization, GASP (Group Against Smokers' Pol- lution). printeda"plan" for its members for Lewts' arrival in Wichita. It said: "1 I) We are starting a list of volun- teers to keep 24 hour vigil at the airport. Banners will greet him with our plea. And if he lights up in a Prohibited Area. we have him arrested! "12) Persons with concealed banners are needed to be first in line to enter (the site of the fund-raiser] and plop themselves near the center stage bal- cony rail. "(3) Powerful water guns are needed in case he burns tobacco [during a live TV show], We'll squirt 'em out!" taurt Order The owners of the mall, where the event was to have taken place. obtained a restraining order from a judge against GASP. It stated that GASP could law- fully do nothing "which would tend to disrupt such proceedings." The mall's owners argued that GASP's plan "creates the potential of public nuisance. riot, public and per- IN THIS ISSUE peuple andthu.eufthemall.accurding which usually strikes children. He has to Hurtit Petzall. national ,pokesman been nominated fura Nubel Peace Prize for the %IDA. He was replaced by actor fur this wurk. Petzall satd. Henn Winkler. "Erc'n,r,ne rnnt ernrd fc de•epk dlt- "I-ovely GASP" ntuu•d lhut cr vnecU erurtp nf de%trurdt•e Bob Getz. a columnist fur a Wichita puhlicrrv-teekrr, hu, ntude•,tintpm,%iblc• newspaper. commented: "The way the tar LIr, Letrn tu he prrsentuttitis f'nnd- lunely GASP people are acttng. you'd runtnq e't c•,rt ti,r hh 4id%." said Petzall. think that Jern Lew ts is coming to in u,tatement read at a Wichita press Wichitatohurnduwnuurschuoh,u~er- conferencea throw the Concerned Citizeni. molest A spokesman for Lzwis said the en- our cumhines. spread anti-pizza propa- tenainer had "nuthrng printable to say" ganda and just generally wreak havoc about the mctdent. right and left." Devoted A Ufe "Does GASP have Jerry Lewis. the cumedian. confused with wmebodv Lewis has been national chairman of else-like Jack the Ripper or Son of the muscular dystrophy drive for 28 Sam'' years. helping raise more than S300 "l mean. Jetry Lewis is coming to million in contributions. Petzall said. town to kickoffthe 1978 musculardys- "He has devoted a life to this. Every- trophy campaign. to help Wichita raise thing we've been able roaccomplish has some funds and to give this old burg been due to his efforts." the MDA some nice publicity. and GASP wants ~7ir•Fqr c :x.rilYf t~ o,.ylZT", 11~ ~-`4s~•y~ .cas s ~ "8tr'k "d I ~ ~ it 4 tu treat him a, if he's Public Enemy tiu. I." Getz wrote. Subsequently, a GASP leader told the press that the newsletter item was "all in fun. just guud ,attre." He told Getz: "t)t' cuune, when I heard he'd been wnceled. ,rbuut the tir.t thing that ,~.une tu my mind was that C,ASP's credihdnv will he hurt, "I suppuse the m;tJurm ai people will say we're a hunch uf radtcah. ' the GASP leader satd. 4 Tuhuccu Imtnute e\ecutne :k nrte Lewn. espretismg "eNpltcrt .tdmtratwn and cungratulutturts for the w.ty y,w handled the W ichtta incrdent," "I dun't know how aware yuu may he outside yuur personal evpenenQe, ut the ettent to which the fanaw trmce is buggenng up the pruspecn tirr rational and ubjecu% e resolution uf'the tuhacco cuntroversy." The letter expressed hope that the Wichita publicity might help "to get some of the fanatics turned uff,u the scientists could do the lub on smoking and health that will give us the answers we need." .. . ~:r ....royw.. ~ . . . ...fr. :. r ?7f(s7' ±tt;£++ ..«,'T%3.>~Kt>~Kt *agi- .r'Jtat.'- ;r.~>'r:.="ri's`' : 9 Ttt3 tH..At~ AIR CAPITAL V:~.TII+ATOR ~ub]Satted RYr nITCR9 achita CAS?, lnc. go~ny® gookar ?.o. 3ox 17C62 Cuy_(YipP alebLta, xs 67217 - - - ' - - -J~,Y 1978 _ - - - - 788-9~ or 686-4745 -------------- - VCL.III, U~~R12___.------- - _ _ - - _ _ - - . At':nU!:CIi,C • platts for JulY 2 J®aY ~wia visit• • lanst uld do• Rero's our P ,,. :CZiC .• v 11 at the alrpo7cb. solicited Yo~ ~oas Q~rg at,o ke®p 24 hour ~ hibited Area, Last month wo a list of voluat .if he lit,hts up in a>'~ 1. 'Ie are startin6 les. And. • ~®ntar Banners will gze®t hla uith our P to m£yrst in lins stedt ra aso needed covY ra~• we have h~rns with aeecealad bant» the ~n ~rbs ~°~bacco. '.:®•11 e4uirE haseetivea ttsar 2. Toun® ..ast doors ard PloP t axe needed in case o~6en a7onG as 3, Foweriul wat®r 6~ ~~ bring aP~° o smokA. t dutY h t c •ect outt for To~ -Lb wit volunt®erir(, np doubt be thick . n AnYo~ will t s ~sa aG the 1oc the ®ntir® center s lCAtG, Towne Ir7 7 7Ze7Obc3CC0 MOb8exrer , - • Tobatxo Employs A MIINon, Contributes 81111ons (Pg. 3) • Wa Got LatNrs (Pg. 4) • HEW OHicial Itttarviawad (Pg. 8) -M The Tobacco Observer 1776 K Street. N.W. Washington. D. C. 20006 TIMN 0127156 "aN © a im TI KU 000000815

0• , ti c - llje%bacco Obez1,rer 1 UO.nµfi1 , i'Yx nK rJFx.U /n,lnu/e, I. 111 nµh1, Kv'rvei 1776 K STREET. NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON. D. C. :000ti • (202) 4574873 Volume Three. Number Four. August. 1978 Pres. Carter, on a recent visit to a tobacco warehouse in Wilson. North Carolina, said that "as long as I'm in the White House ... Ire'(l hare a good tobacco loan prqeram." The President also called Jbr research "to make the smoking of tobacco even more safe than it is today." CAB Totals Reveal Few Smoking Complaints Further restricting smohtng on the natiun's commercial airlines recenth has been discussed by the L'. S. Cisil Aeronautics Board (C'AB). Some peu- ple are asking fur a total ban. Does one air passenger out of I tH) complain about smuking? One out of L.IH)V7 Informatiun released by the CAB shows that one passeneer nnt u/ et•en• 250.000 c unrplains. CAB records reveal that fromJan. I. 1977. through March 1978 (fit'teen months). there were 4-l9letters ofcum- plaint about smoking. These were writ- ten either to the CAB or one of Ameri- ca's mt)ior I 1 domestic "trunk carrier" airlines. (Some of these letters might even have been complaints from smok- ers, who were denied the chance to smoke. ) During that same period, approxi- mately 96.3 million passengers flew these I I airlines. CAB records show. CAB does not count passengers, it counts what it calls "revenue passenger enplanements:' That is, everytime someone boards a plane, he or she is counted. For the 15 months, this total was 216 million. CAB statisticians divide this figure by 31/a to obtain a rough estimate of the number of passengers. Why;' CAB as- sumes that most trips are round trips. and that on a certain number of trips plane changes are necessary to reach a destination. Compared to revenue passenger en- planements. the smoking complaint percentage is 0.00020 percent. Com- pared to the passenger total, it is 0.00046 percent. United Airlines received the lowest number of complaints, seven, while flying more than 19 million passengers. The three airlines with the next fewest percentage of complaints were Delta. American and National. Women And Smoking: TI Report Challenges Popular Claims In 1895 women were arrested for smoking cigarettes in public. Eighty years later they are being assailed with charges that smoking causes heart at- tacks. early menopause and damage to unborn children. Anne DutFin. aTobacco Institute vice president. challenges these claims in her report. "Fact or Fancy?" While this 44- page documented article does not pro- mote women's smoking. it attempts to dispel myopic allegations with a scien- tific dialogue on the topic. It is available from The Institute. "Women are now the special target of those who would stamp out smoking;" states the introduction. "And standard, unsubstantiated charges having failed, these crusaders are now trying to hit women where they think them to be most vulnetable-with threats to their babies and their good looks. and, yes, even their sex lives:" Duffin declares. Written in a question and answer for- mat, the paper elaborates on contempo- rary studies. often presentingarguments that publicized accounts omit. These explanations posit that while an increasing numberof adult American women are smoking. the percentage of female smokers is as low as pre-World War 11 levels. when women began smoking in significant numbers. DuH'in therefore explains. "Some per- sons who disapprove of cigarette smok- ing say that the largernnntherof women smoking today accounts for everything from higher lung cancer death rates to an allegedly higher incidence of ulcers. ... But if the percent of women in the general population who smoke is not larger, and if women smokers are not smoking more, then any higher inci- dence of disease cannot logically be attributed to cigarettes." Pregnancy "Fact or Fancy" answers yes. on the average, to the question. "Do women who smoke while they're pregnant have smaller babies?" But an explanation is offered: Duffin cites Debra Silverman's study in the June 1977 "American Journal of Epi- demiology." Silverman "reasoned that if smoking alone causes birth-weight reduction, the main weight differences between first and second babies of mothers who smoked only during the second pregnancy would be significantly greater when compared to those ob- served where mothers smoked in both pregnancies, or neither. And the second babies of the 'changed smokers' would be lighter than the first. Neither suppo- sition proved true:' Duffin explained. Silverman stressed that. "the critical issue is whether smoking causes a re- duction in birth weight or whether smokers are a self-selected group that differs from non-smokers in ways un- related to smoking, including the pro- duction of lower weight babies." Duffin adds that almost all research on low-birth-weight (LBW) babies indi- cates that LBW infants of smokers are healthier than LBW babies of non- smokers. Lung Cancer A major part of"Fact or Fancy" ad- dresses the question of lung cancer. It states that "lung cancer death rates re- ported for U.S. women have been rising faster year to year than those in men since 1961." But the paper continues. "the proportion of cases of the lung cancer cell type that has been related statistically to smoking has changed little in women over the.past 25 years t.;ont- on Pg. 9 Superdome Smoking Upheld A panel of three federal ap- peals court judges has upheld a federal district court's decision dismissing a lawsuit seeking to prohibit smoking and the sale of cigarettes at the New Orleans Superdome. The anti-smoking groups fil- ing the suit had sought to use the U.S. Constitution as a basis for the smoking ban- But Federal District Court Judge Jack M. Gordon ruled that "to hold that the First, Fifth, Ninth or Fourteenth Amend- ments recognize as fundamen- tal the right to be free from cig- arette smoke would be to mock the lofty purposes of such amendments." An attorney for the anti- smokers said he would appeal to the U. S. Supreme Court. TIMl~T 0127157 TI KU 0o0ooosis

4 4 TI's Statement Analyzes Kennedy Anti-Smoking Bill "Inflammatory rhetoric" from the connection with a recent one-day hear- government about smoking "is an un- ing on the anti-smoking portion fair and unjustified attack on millions of ( S. 3118) of Sen. Edward M. Kennedy's Americancitizens-farmers.bluecollar tD-N1ass.) omnibus "health" bill. The workers, manufacturers. wholesalers. statement analyzes each section of the and retailers. anti-smoking proposal. "It suggests that they are the'enemy' One portion would establish a pro- whocanandshouldbepunishedingood gram to deter children from smoking. conscience." "The tobacco industry recognizes and Horace R. Kumegay. Tobacco Insti- holds to the position that smoking is an tute President, said this in a statement adult custom." The Institute said. to a Senate subcommittee on health in "Its policy has been that smoking Lincoln Story A Lie The following story might be of interest. I do not recall the source of the story and it very likely is apocryphal,but t thought your readers might be amused. Abraham Lincoln was riding in a passen- ger train next to a man who was smoking. He politely asked the man if he would re- frain from smoking. The man replied that he had paid for his seat, and that he was going to continue smoking. If the smoke drifted into Lincoln's area. that was too bad. Lincoln said nothing but pulled a gun out and aimed it at the man. The man asked him what he was going to do. Lincoln replied that he had paid for his seat. and that he was going to pull the trigger. If the bullet went into the area where the man was sitting, that was too bad. Stewttrt M. Lee Beaver Falts, Pa. EDITOR'S NOTE: Youareright. Mr. Lee. Your story is apocryphal. How cruel your letter is to the memory of Pres. Lincoln and to those who enjoy tobacco today. Lincoln buffs agree (a) that he never car- ried a gun and tb) his tolerance as an ab- stainer for those who smoked (and dtank) was a mark of his character. In fact, aside from his prejudice against the prejudiced. Mr. Lincoln's greatest at- tribute was malice toward none. The Tobacco Observer presents information and comment on public events of interest to the tobacco industry. It recognizes that there is diversity of opinion about tobacco use and that charges against tobacco are widely publicized while less attention is given to differing views, which are included in our columns. Its aim is to aid full, free and informed discussion in the public interest, in the conviction that the smoking and health contro- versy must be resolved by scientific research. Published bv The Tobacco Institute Horace R. KurneRay, President Paul Knopic•k. Editor Vic•kie IVilson, Circulation Direc tor 2 The Tobacco Observer should be deferred until a person is ma- ture enough to make the decision in the light of all available information." TI's statement said. It detailed the "indus- try's actions toward voluntary self- regulation" in this matter. "Everyone agrees that children should not smoke, including, as its record demonstrates, the tobacco in- dustry. Few people. however, know why they do smoke: ' the statement said. Taxation Another portion of the bill would im- pose a "Health Protection Tax" on cigarettes, based on "tar" and nicotine content. "Millions of tobacco consumers can walk into hundreds of thousands of re- tail outlets armed with information about the 'tar' and nicotine content of cigarettes and with assurance that a broad spectrum of brands will he avail- able for their choice. "They can express their mdividual preferences through the democracy of the marketplace-without any nudging from the tax collectors." Ti's statement said. "The results of the free market mechanism should gratify those who believe that'the less "tar" and nicotine. the better.'** TI pointed out that "there is no American brand on the market with a'tar and nicotine rating as high as the average cigarette sold in 1954." The statement said that if the tax were enacted, it would set a precedent for similar taxes on alcohol. automo- biles, sugar. dairy products. and foods with high cholesterol content. "The transformation of our tax sys- tem from revenue-raising to behavior- control purposes is indeed hazardous; ' TI said. Public Smoking Another portion of Kennedy's bill would forbid smoking in federal facili- ties, except in special areas. "This provision could mark the re- turn engagement to the American scene of two social tragedies: Prohibition and Segregation: ' TI said. "Many physi- cians and scientists agree that there chulogically or socially," TI ,aid. Warning The bill calls for ten alternating warn- ings-rather than the current one on cigarette packs and ads-covering the spectrum of health charges against tobacco. TI said that "a warning that lists spe- cific diseases supposedly .tssociated with cigarette smoking could be inter- preted in two different ways by the pub- lic: that smoking alone causes these diseases or that smoking always causes these diseases. "Neither interpretation is supported by scientific evidence, hence the warn- ings may mislead the public and prompt skepticism about such government mes- sages in general." TI also stressed that these warning labels "have the potential of becoming the object of a teenage hobby, like col- lecting baseball cards or comic books." Kennedy has told Congress that "few, if any, self-respecting scientists or phy- sicians in this country" hold the view that smoking has not been established as a cause of human disease. TI pointed out that "46 eminent sci- entists or physicians" have either testi- fied or submitted statements to Con- gressional committees since 1969 "questioning the theory that smoking is hazardous to health." There are ten cosponsors of the anti-smoking section of the Kennedy bill: Sens. John H. Chafee (R-R.i.), and Henry L. Bellmon (R-Okla.), and Democrats. Gary Hart (Colo.), Muriel Humphrey (Minn.). Patrick J. Leahy (Vt.). George McGovern (S.D.). Clai- borne Pell (R.I.). Jennings Randolph (W. Va.). Donald W. RiegleJr. (Mich.) and Harrison A. Williams Jr. (NJ.). More hearings are expected. is no health hazard to the normal non- ''~tchael J. Kerrigan has been named To- smoker from exposure to tobacco Director of Field Activities for The To- hacco Institute's State Activities De- smoke in everyday situations." partment. He tvill supervise the Public "Hanging up 'No Smoking' signs Affairs Area Managers Program. A and segregating employees who smoke Chic•aeo natit•e, Kerrigan comes to T/ tobacco products will not improve the from Ogden Food Services Corp., quality of life-environmentally, psy- trhere he tras Director of,4farketing. TIMN 0127158 Late N ews The Tobacco Institute called inconclusive a • widely-publicized Ameri- can Medical Association report on smoking and health. In an unrelated development, a govern- ment scientist announced that a person can smoke up to one pack per day of certain low "tar" cigarettes "without ap- parent risk." An :utA cotnmittee ana- lysis said, "The bulk of research sponsored by this project supports the contention that cig- arette smoking plays an important role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and constitutes a grave danger to indi- viduals with pre-exist- ing diseases of the cor- onary arteries." TI President Kornegay called it "a compilation of abstracts of studies that are from 6 to 12 years old.... Most, if not all, have already been published in the literature or presented at meetings." Six tobacco companies funded the 14-year, $15 million program. A project grantee, Dr. Carl C. Seltzer of Harvard Univ., noted that the committee did not say that smoking causes heart disease in healthy people. The 369-page book made headlines the same day President Carter addressed North Carolina tobacco farmers. TI said, "The only real news in the AMA document is the con- trived timing...to coin- cide with and discredit Pres. Carter's trip." AMA officials denied this charge. At the National Can- cer Institute, Dr. Gio B. Gori, deputy director of cancer cause and pre- vention, released re- suits of a study on low "tar" cigarettes. "We don't want to call them safe," ex- plained Gori. "But some are so low (in 'toxic' substances) as to cause no observable hazard." Gori was rebuked by some health officials. TI commented, "We will be watching with interest what the scien- tific community will have to say." Sallie Shuping TI KU 000000817

Tobacco Trade Employs 1.3 Million Some 1.3 million people are employed full or part-time in the growing. manu- facturing and distributing of tobacco products. They work in ev ery state and eamed 5I I billion in 1977. according to the U,S. Department of Agriculture. These data are part of "The Econont- ic Importance of the U.S. Tobacco Industry;' a 27-page paper prepared by Robert H. Miller. an agricultural economist at USDA. "ln 1977. the American public spent approximately $17 billion on tobacco products. SI6 billion of which was for cig•arettes-" the report says. "Approximately S I out of every S75 of all retail expenditures is spent for tobacco products." Miller found. "These products account for S I out of every S'_7 spent on nondurable con- sumer gouds•" Miller puts the S16 billion cigarette expenditure in perspective: he says it equals 41 percent of the amount spent for new automobiles. and about the same as the sum Americans spent for radios• television sets. recurds, and musical instruments. Concerning farm production. the report says that "although tobacco requires only 0.3 percent of the nation's cropland. tobacco sales totaled 5?.3 pipe tobacco. and snuff. Cigarette manufacturers' gross re- ceipts in 1976 were about 56 billion. Miller says. IThat figure includes $2.25 billion passed directly to the federal guvemment for taxes.l Manufacturers ut' other tobacco products had sales of 5600 million. including S45 million in federal taxes. "Substantial corporate income and other business taxes are also le% ted on cigarette manufacturers•" Miller points out. The cigarette manufacturing industry employs approximately 4l.(NN), as many people as wood products, office furniture or the printing trade tndustries• he notes. Wages were )?'_ 1 million in 1976. Other tobacco manutacturers employed 11.500. paying $85 million in wages. Tobacco products are manufactured in 29 states. Miller says. Cigarette factories are in North Carolina. Vir- ginia. Kentucky. and Georgia. Florida is the leading state for cigar factories: other states housing cigar plants in- clude Pennsvlvanta, Alabama,and In- diana• Chewing and smoking tobacco factories are in a number of states, including Tennessee. New Jersey, and Missouri, billion last year," which is 5 percent of cash receipts from crops• This puts tobacco fifth in value among cash crops-behind corn. soy- beans. wheat. and cotton. Miller says. "Tobacco sales are twice as great as either rice, potato, or citrus fruit sales, and three times larger than peanuts." Manufacturing There are 12 large manufacturing establishments operated by six major firms. Miller says. producing the in- dustry's principal product-cigarettes. Two hundred and sixty-one other estab- lishments produce cigars. chewing and Exports Tobacco is among the top five U.S. agricultural exports in terms of value. Miller says. More tobacco is exported as unmanufactured leaf than the finished product, he explains. While almost every nation imports some l:.S. tobacco, 60 percent of it is shipped to Japan and European nations. Tobacco exports totaled S 1.731 billion in 1977. Miller says. far eeceed- ing tobacco imports of S373 million, The U.S. is the leading tobacco export- ing country, with some 50 companies involved. "Tobacco contributed about S1.36 billion toward the nation's balance of payments" in 1977. Miller says. Also. "the movement of tobacco from redry- ing plants and storage warehouses to ports and then aboard ships employs many people in transportation. sales, and traffic departments, as well as substantial investment in facilities." Tobac co is one of thef ew crops that c an tcttli..efamily labor and s " ' till prov~ide a reasonable income o n a small farm," the U. S. Department of Agriculture says. This tobac•co farmer is from Connecticut. Taxes "The U.S. Govemment, all 50 states, and many local governments tax Cont on Pg. 11 'Pride In Tobacco' Combats Foes A major cigarette company has launched a new progtam, "Pride in Tobacco:' designed to unite the North Carolina tobacco community. "The best way to preserve the state's tobacco economy is for those who rely on tobacco• to take an active role in supporting the industry:' said William D. Hobbs. chairman of RJ. Reynolds Tobacco Company. "Pride in Tobacco" will be "an infor- mation program geared to the agri- business community:" Hobbs said, at a news conference. "We want to let the world know we support tobacco and we're proud of it." Hobbs told Tarheel media that "our industry has come under increasingly vicious attacks. "Many of our critics have been very free with words and loose with facts. If you believe everything that they and their fellow critics say tobacco can be blamed for everything from plague to ---- ----- ---- - TIMN 0127159 poverty." Hobbs said. The new program. RJR's tobacco chairman said, will "combat these forces pledged to.destroy our tobacco economy." The program's symbol is stylized tobacco leaves, with a "thumbs up" sign depicting pride. Bumper stickers. lapel pins, baseball caps, posters, window decals, commemorative stamps and brochures featuring the symbol are being distributed. The Tobacco Observer 3 TI KU 000000818

. Edl tol La18 ACS Magazine Questions Defective Research A ray. just a bit of rationality. in the smoking and health controversy from a publication which is an avowed foe of timoking'' Yes. perhaps. In the Spring 1978 iissue of "World Smoking & Health." published by the American Cancer Society. is an article entitled "Do Filters Increase Smokers' Total Longevity?" It was written by G. H. Miller. Ph.D.. Edinboro State College. Pennsylvania. Miller claims that the death certifi- cates he studied in a portion of his state. of persons who smoked non-filter brands, showed they tended to live a little longer than those who smoked filtered cigarettes. The Edinboro College public rela- tions department churned out news re- leases. A local Erie paper promoted the ,Miller "finding." The United Press In- ternational bureau in Pa. issued a story that was run in major newspapers. The Washington Post headlined it: "And the Filtered Ones are Even Worse." The fact is that Miller s study is just not done correctly. The American Cancer Society's own statistician pub- licly ,tated that "the approach is simpl,v The Tobacco Institute's statistician Dr. Marvin A. Kastenbaum also ex- plained to inquiring reporters that Miller is guilty of some elementary sta- tistical errors. Miller. in turn. criticized Tf's Kastenbaum for "trying to confuse the masses." Yes, but now that ray. "World Smoking & Health" is a tightly edited ACS publication: it does not print what it does not want to about smoking and health. In its Summer issue. it has wisely chosen to seriously question its Spring publicity on the fatally defective Miller study. in the form of a published letter from Edward A. Lew•, past president. Society of Actuaries. U.S.A. Lew said: "It is regrettable that in so important an issue as the effect of filters on the mortality of smokers. Dr. Miller did not employ the generally accepted sound methods for making mortality comparisons." [viaybe that buries Miller's muddled work once and for all. But don't count on it. 10th TTO This is an anniversary. of sorts-our tenth Tobacco Observer. In our first Observer. we explained that the paper "will in newspaper sty le, report on government actions, re- search results. industry activities and other public events of interest to those whose livelihoods are in some way as- sociated with tobacco." There has been plenty to chronicle. In the two years since The Observer's birth. we have watched the government launch a major anti-smoking campaign. A noted American voluntary health organization held hearings across the country in a carefully rehearsed pro- gram to castigate smoking and smokers. A nti-smok ing legislation continues to Quote of `?he Ofterver "The resemblance of current ideas about cancer's myriad causes to long- held hut notr discredited views about TB suggests the possihility tltat cancer may he one disease after all and that it may turn out. as TB did. to have one principal causal agent and he control- lable by one program of treatment. lndeed, as Lets•is Thomas has ohsen•ed all the diseases for which the issue oJ' causation has been settled, and n•hich 4 The Tobacco Observer Thanks! be considered by municipalities, states and the federal government. The tiny band of vocal anti-smokers (as distin- guished from the many nonsmokers) are able to ballyhoo enough attention to get such bills introduced, and occasionally passed. So it would appear that. perhaps even more than when launched. The To- bacco Observer is needed. as we said in our first issue, to enable people "to be well informed about the problems faced by tobacco. including the continuing and wrongful attacks."' Our mail shows that apparently some believe we have been successful in that large and important job. Let us know what we can do better. can be prevented and cured, have turned out to have a simple physical cause-like the pneumococcus J'or pneumonia. the tubercle bacillus for tuberculosis, a single vitamin deficiency for pellagra-and it is far from unlikely that something comparable ivill eventually he isolated for cancer. The notion that a disease can he explained onlv by a variety of causes is precisely characteristic of thinking about diseases srhose causation is not understood." Susan Sontag, essayist °Illness as Metaphor" 1978, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Publishers ~ -~ ~ i.XtiGlrL ~.7 to t1Le"'Editor You people are doing a good job up there for the people in the tobacco industry. I will continue to wnte ourCongressmen and our Senators in getting all the support pos- ,tble to help you to get ac:ros, to the peuple that our freedom is being taken away from us day by day. Percy A. Tucker Richmond. Va. I have read the lies and the propaganda in your disgusting little publication. ... Sty only wish for you and the people who run your industry is that I hope either in this life or the next you spend many hours suffering the saune way you have caused others to suffer. Please take your newspaper and flush it down the toilet with other materials in the same classification. Coleen Cook Cleveland, Ohio I have just formed the National Smokers Rights Association. Inc., in Goldsboro. North Carolina. Let me make it perfectly clear, we are not trying to impose our ideas on either non- smokers or children. What we are trying to do is reach a human rights compromise where we can coexist in harmony in all areas of our society. For all smokers and nonsmokers: Don't be discourteous when you feel you are being pushed. Wouldn't it be easier to try an acceptable compromise than force? For Mr. Califano. who is trying to remove smoking from all federally-funded projects. either through direct orders if possible or coercion if necessary. I say. Mr. Califano you can go to Hell!! You work for us. the taxpayers. all of the taxpayers, and not just a portion who hap- pen to believe as you do. If the United States can coexist on this planet with Russia and China. surely we as law-abiding. sensible adults can coexist with each other in hattnony. Ronald L. Flint, President Yatimat Smokers Rights P.s.sociation, Inc. Box 1773 GokLsboro, N.C. 27530 A very interesting paper. It should be given more publicity. Frank Raynor St. Petersbttrg, Fla Infotming. George F. Hau Lyons, Kan. Please add my name to The Ubser,er', free subscripnon list. I have read it set arat ttmes and find n's the kind of re,ponsive communication that is needed in this taeat country of ours. Would it be possible to re- cetve back issues? Earl Durango Phoenix. ,ariz. EDITOR'S VOTE: Back issues arc .nad- .tble. by wnttng rhe robaccu Observer Have read every article and thuroughly enjoyed tt+ ennrety. Willtam B. KinR thsings..Ntd. So interesttng. I wuuld like to continue recetn ing it. Richard M. Ryan Rutland. Vt. This is nn• kind of paper Ntichael Laurence Vice President Playbuy Enterprises, Inc. Keep up the good work-I look fonk ard to each issue of The Tobacco Ohsener, You do a good job of presenting the facts in a difficult area. Jack W. Thompson Birmingttam. Mtch. In The Tobacco Ob,erver, you can enjoy some of the greatest hair splitting and fancy straddling in capthity. secundonly to the U. S. Congress in English gymnastics. Dick Bothwell, columnist St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times We enjoy your publication tery much and would like for our sales and managerial staff to also take advantage of some of the fine articles you print. William R. Hag/tttut Jr. President, Hagtnan's Inc. Pittsbtug, Kan. This is a photo of the sign we put up. It attracted a lot of attention from grateful. persecuted smokers, They asked for small signs theycould place in their place of work. The industry needs facts to refute the hysteria created by the other side, S. Talz Talz of Tucson, Ariz. "Remember. sirn you can onty light up in the GoFernntent Smoking Compound five hlocAs trest and fctur levels drnrn." TIMN 0127160 TI KU 000000819

1981 New York `Law' Is Bedlam A LBA N Y, N.Y,.Oct. 17.1981 -The assembly today oserwhelmingly ap- proved and sent to the Senate a bill re- quiring everybody to get out of bed on the left ;ide. Proponents of the mettsure-arguing that too many people are needlessly in- jured thruugh lack of familiarity with altematise paths from two,ides of their beds when they arise in the dark-over- rode minority objections based largely on difficulties evpected for those who ;leep on the right in double beds. Assembl%wuman Vickie Clarion tConservative..Ntanhattanl wun a voice vote on the reetricti%e legislation after an emotional speech in which she ad- mitted that the minority of adults who still sleep in double beds is sizable. "Notwithstandine:" she declared. "the rights of the majority must prevail. Rising medical care costs resulting from unnecessary injuries to people who are disoriented when they get up are putting an intolerable burden on taxpayers and limited public health care facilities." Clarion said an estimate provided by the U. S. Department of Health. Edu- cation. and Welfare showed federal ex- penditures alone for disability related to bedroom accidents amount to some $14 billion annually. up from less than > 3 mi llion 5 i years ttgu w hen most peo- ple still had double beds. Sen. Gregorio Ohfuica tD-Buffalot. chairman of the referral committee in the upper house, promised "hearings in depth" hefure any Senate action on the measure is scheduled. "Amung other things." t)bfusca said. missioner Arthur 1. Tarian, head of the state Bureau of Investigation. Reached by telephone. Tanan confirmed his ten- tative appearance. "We've got to bring to the attention of the citizens ut' this state-regardlesti of what kinds of beds they'~e got-the grow ing problem uf enforcement pnurt- tieti." Tarian said, "Then if they want us to take time uut from arresting peo- ple for smoking in public placeti, that's up to them." "we're guing to inquire into the enfurce- ability of this proposal. I question the witidum of adding one more statute to the books if the result is just going to be that many more scutfilaws out there." Meanwhile. a report from the Cornell University campus indicated that a pe- tition drive is underway to exempt dor- mitory rooms. Student leaders were quoted as saying the Assembly move is a thinly veiled "back door trick" by legislators to enable authorities to snoop around to see what else is going on in their rooms. 'We Can't Afford' Califano Campaign By a three to one margin. readers of the magazine "Nation's Business" say the government should not be conduct- ing an anti-smoking campaign. "As a smoker. I find the idea some- what amusing that I should be required. through taxes. to help finance an anti- smoking campaign. "It would be refreshing if the govern- ment would show less concern about my health and welfare and more about my right to make a choice." wrote a New• :stexico business executive. in his letter to the publication's editor. In its May issue, the magazine asked readers. "Should the federal govern- mentconduct anti-smokingcampaigns?" The vote against was 1.490: there were 495 yes votes. A merchandising vice president wrote that the government's campaign is "an intrusion on individual freedom." "We can't afford Mr. Califano;" he wrote, in reference to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.Joseph A. Califano Jr. "Mr. Califano has achieved the dream of every ex-smoker." wrote another senior executive. "He gets to tell every- one in America: 'You really ought to quit.' And the government underwrites him to the tune of S30 million." "Goverrtment as a social mechanism works well when it protects individuals from each other: conversely, it works poorly when it tries to protect individ- uals from themselves." wrote another executive. "Nation's Business" is published by the U. S. Chamber of Commerce, and has a circulation of more than one mil- lion readers. Other comments from business ex- ecutives opposed to the campaign in- cluded: •"Mr. Califano is a typical do-gooder -interfering in what I think is none of his business. Tomorrow he will find some new menace to save me from my- self. At age 77. 1 have handled my own health in a manner satisfactory to my- self. HEW must have other more seri- ous problems than smoking: ' •"I agree with The Tobacco Insti- tute that scientific data is lacking to support HEW's position. Further, this is not a problem for government regu- lation." •"We have too many federal agen- cies now." • "No, and I don't smoke." •"Absolutely not. I am tired of the government trying to take care of every- one. It is up to an individual in our society to take care of himself: ' • "tnterference in personal matters is not a function of our government, and tax money should not be spent for that putpose." •"Keep the government out of our private lives as much as possible. Should the government decide how much TV you should watch, or how much of any- thing you should do? No." • "After the government has ade- quately communicated established haz- ards, it has completed its proper role. Anything else is meddling. After all, at least some of the American people are as smart as Califano, regardless of what he thinks." •"If proof is found that these claims against smoking are ttue, the findings should be publicized through regular news channels, and let the people make their choice. (I am a nonsmoker.)" In New York City. a spokesman for the United Innkeepers Association promised a renewed effort to get an ex- emption written into the hill. He said enactment would cut the normal life of mattresses in half through wear-and- tear on one,ide unly. and estimated the cost to hotels and motels throughout the state at more than >25 million per year. Obfuscu did nut see a date for his committee hearings to hegin. hut indi- cated that the first w itnetis w ill be Com- In the 1880s. cigarette manufacturing entered the industrial era with James Bonsack's invention of the cigarette rolling machine. Until then manufactur- ers hired hundreds of people. called "rollers." to make cigarettes by hand. One company. Allen and Ginters of Richmond. V irginia. employed 500 roll- ers in 1883. By 1886 the number rose to 900. This mushrooming growth cre- ated an unwieldy labor force, making ..4 A'James Bonsack invented the ftrst prac- tical cigarette-ntaking machine bej'ore lte ras riventv-one. mechanization essential to satisfy cus- tomers' demands. Bonsack had worked on the rolling machine since his mid-teens. At age 22. the Virginia planter's son established a machine company and was eager to lease his invention to cigarette manu- facturers. But mechanized production was not immediately embraced by tobacco man- ufacturers. Although each machine pro- duced 120.000 cigarettes per ten-hour day, equivalent to the production of 50 hand rollers, companies refused to rent it for they doubted its reliability and be- lieved that customers preferred hand- rolled cigarettes. Bonsack acknowledged that his com- plicated invention had minordifficulties. A system of cylinders and belts, the machine rolled a ribbon of paper and tobacco into a continuous cigarette: a circular knife then cut it to tipecified lengths. These cigarettes fell into bas- kets at a rate of 200 to 212 per minute. But the flow of shredded tobacco to- ward the rollers often stalled, slowing production. So Bonsack offered low royalty rates to W. Duke and Sons Co. if they would install two of his machines in their Durham. North Carolina, ciga- rette factory. He agreed to send his best mechanic. William O'Brien. to help Duke correct matfunctions. Duke accepted Bonsack's offer, paying a fee of 24 cents per thou- sand cigarettes. Anxiously, Duke and O'Brien worked to improve the mechanism. On its final test. April 30, 1884, each machine suc- cessfully operated for a full workingday. The machine enabled Duke to expand his tobacco company into the nation's largest cigarette manufacturer. In 1881, his factories produced 9.8 million ciga- rettes, 1.5 percent of the market total, But after five years of mechanical oper- ation, W. Duke and Sons manufactured 744 million cigarettes, more than the national total in 1883. Competitors quickly succumbed to Duke's mechanization. In 1890, the four largest firms joined the tobacco magnate to form American Tobacco Co. Duke contracted with Bonsack for exclusive rights to the leasing of his invention. Under the agreement. Bon- sack insured that none of his machines operated in competing American fac- tories and that his remained superior to any cigarette rolling machine. This contract lasted until 1895 when Bon- sack lost rights to important parts of his machine through a court decision. American Tobacco Co. immediately purchased the equipment that it had leased for eleven years. America s tobacco industry was changing during the latter years of the nineteenth century: new tobaccos were developed and popular preference turned to cigarettes. But it was Bon- sack's rolling machine that provided the necessary charge to boost the industry into its new age of cigarette production. The first tobacco label was printed in Holland in 1644 bearing the designa- tion "Orientael Virginais Toback." The Tobacco Observer 5 Z:` TIMN 0127161 TI KU 000000820

Dwyer: 'Where The Industry Stands' "There is no longer any controversy among responsible health officials concerning the health hazards of cigarette smoking." With this sentence. Richard W. Olshavsky. a marketing professor at Indiana University. begins his essay. "Marketing's Cigarette Scar." in the June issue of the prestigious magazine William F. Dwyer "Business Horizons." But the Olshavsky piece is refuted by the article "Smoking: Free Choice." by William F. Dwyer, a vice president of The Tobacco Institute. The articles ran concurrently. Concerning the charge which begins Olshavsky's article, Dwyer writes: "The 1964 Report of the Surgeon General . . reported a statistical association between smoking and increases of such illnesses as lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema. "But the report itself conceded that 'statistical methods cannot establish proof of a causal relationship in an association: " Dwyer writes that "although the members of the Surgeon General's advisory committee, who authored the report, reached ajudgment that smoking causes certain diseases, other scientists do not agree with them." "Science must be given the room it needs to investigate the smoking and health question," Dwyer writes. Calif. Proposition "Science is needed to provide answers to a series of questions that represent gaps in knowledge: -To what extent are genetics involved in the causation of cancer or other diseases? - If smoking causes cancer, why do most smokers not develop it? One pathologist says, 'Any theory which claims "A" causes "B" also has to explain why "A" does not cause "B" in those in whom it does not happen.' -Conversely, if smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema, why do nonsmokers develop these diseases? -Which occupational exposures need to be considered?" "The scientific commitment of the tobacco industry is clear:" Dwyer writes. "For nearly twenty-five years cig- arette manufacturers have been sup- porting independent research with nonrestrictive funding. Hundreds of researchers in medical schools. hospi- tals, and other scientific institutions in this country and abroad have received more than S70 million from the tobacco industry to support their investigations." "Contrary to public belief, while the federal government is first in research expenditures. the tobacco industry is second: " writes Dwyer. ':4l1 of the private health agencies combined rank a distant third." "The tobacco industry is convinced that no cigarette has been proven un- safe;' he continues. "Therefore, they regard any suggestions of a 'safe' or 'safer' cigarette as tortured logic. "The reduced 'tar' and nicotine cigarettes represent about 30 percent of sales and are in the marketplace because of consumer demand. That demand obviously reflects the personal preference of smokers: ' Olshavsky urges readers to contrib- ute "time, expertise. and money to those voluntary health organizations currently engaged in the fight against cigarette smoking." But Dwyer writes, "In my opinion, health groups, certain branches of government, and some single-issue advocates are trying to advance their own interests by blaming tobacco and smokers for many modern ills." Dwyer says that "a new target" has emerged-"the product's purchaser." "The individual smoker is made to suffer public disapproval and ridicule. A former national president of the American Lung Association told a newspaper about his hopes for this new approach. Probably the unlv way we can win a substantial reduction t in smoking) is if we can somehow make it nonaccept- able socially. We thought the scare of medical statistics and opinions rould produce a major reduction. It didn't." Professor Olshavsky ("a reformed smoker") believes "the world would be better without the cigarette and recom- mends that this fact be reflected in the business realm," says "Business Hori- zons" editors. The magazine is pub- lished by the Graduate School of Busi- ness, Indiana University. Dwyer. a tobacco industry spokes- man, points out "where the industry stands." "The tobacco controversy is ages old. Several sociologists suggest the core of the controversy is an ineluctable part of human nature in that any practice or product that provides pleasure for some will provoke outrage in others." "The tobacco industry long has been respected for its contribution to this country's development." Dwyer stresses. "However. it has come under increased attack from tobacco foes. The industry will no longer 'turn the other cheek.' "Those adults who choose to be tobacco consumera, as part of their heritage of free choice. deserve to be defended." Dwyerconcludes: "Notunly because their product is enmeshed in contro- versy. but also because they are in control of their destiny. repretientatises of the tobacco industry are speaking up as never before. "They believe business needs to exercise its right to be heard. For w here free enterprise does not respond, its very existence is jeopardized. In recognition of this reality. The Tobacco Institute takes its public stand on the basis of the following platform: "I. The question of smoking and health is still a question. "2. Tobacco smoke does not imperil normal nonsmokers. "3. The tobacco farm program is an essential part of public policy. "4. The freedom of choice of the industry's customers must be pre- served." AFL-C IO Says Vote No The Executive Council of the 1.8 million member California Labor Fed- eration. AFL-CIO, is urging a no vote on Proposition 5, a stringent smoking prohibitions measure on the state's November ballot. If approved by voters, the law would prohibit smoking in most enclosed pub- lic places. places of employment and educational and health facilities. Res- taurants would be required to establish nonsmoking sections and state and local governments must post signs at each entrance to every building stating smoking is unlawful, except in desig- nated areas. Elizabeth R. Gatov, former U. S. Treasurer, has joined Californians for Common Sense, the group opposing the Proposition, it was announced. "The smoking prohibitions proposi- tion, if passed in November. would cost local and state taxpayers of California an additional $43 million to comply during the first year: " she said. "We don't need higher taxes: we need common sense and consideration for others." Also joining the Common Sense or- ganization is Klaus D. Schmidt. Ph.D.. an authority on international business. "We already have far too many laws and proposed laws dreamed up by somebody to make somebody else do this or not to do that." Schmidt said. "We're rapidly approaching the point where a person won't be able to get out of bed in the morning without breaking some law controlling his personal con- duct.' 6 The Tobacco Observer EDITOR'S NOTE: If you have a ques- tion about tobacco, or smoking and health, write us. Question: Is there such a thing as an allergy to tobacco smoke? Answer: Charles L. Waite, M.D., Medical Director. The Tobacco Institute, has reviewed the scientific research on tobacco smoke and allergy. He concludes, "The question of whether tobacco smoke is capable of producing allergic response in smokers or nonsmokers is unresolved." Waite explains that nearly all the studies for tobacco allergens (foreign substances which can cause allerg c reactions) used extracts from tobacco leaf, not tobacco smoke itself. "Some scientists doubt that any allergens. which might be present in leaf, could survive the burning of the tobacco," Waite says. Allergens "have not been scientifically established as present in tobacco smoke." "Tobacco smoke can be objection- able to certain individuals." Waite writes. While those who have allergies "may object more than other persons to smoke, it does not necessarily mean that they are allergic to smoke." Waite explains that "'allergic' is frequently misused by the public at large to mean anything they don't like (I'm allergic to the IRS) or find per- sonally offensive or irritating." A copy of the Waite paper is available by writing The Tobacco Institute. TIMN 0127162 TI KU 000000821

The right to choose The current favourite for the attention of such people is the advertising of cigarettes. Closely followed by that of alcohol. But the list can be extended to the advertising of products made from animal fat. Or of products that contain saccharine. And even of products that pollute, and collide with each othet; and put their drivers into hospital. Those who believe in banning the advertising of such products would extend the list furthet All they need is time. But there are others who believe that the citizen has certain inalienable rights in a free society. The right to exercise free choice for instance. And that this, by definition, must include the right to smoke. The right to drink The right to eat dairy foods. There are some people who believe And that,providing he exercises those that the advertising of certain products should rights with a sense of responsibility to the be banned. society in which he lives, no legislative The right to drive. The right to take the risks he knowsabout The right to measure those risks assembly should seek to deny him access. If that belief is well-founded, then the advertising agency, Allen, Brady and Marsh believes that free and honest trading of cigarettes, alcohol, dairy foods and motor cars should continue. That, just as governments should be free to wam of risks, manufacturers should be free to advertise their products. Of course there should be safeguards. The health of the citizen should be protected. But the health of democracy is also important President Hoover, in 1928, put it better than we could hope to do: "Free speech does not live many hours after free industry and free commerce die:' The advertising launch of State Express 555 King Size cigarettes started on 24th May 1978. Allen, Brady & Marsh is proud to be responsible. against the pleasure he gains. ABM House Norwich Street London EC4 Tel 01-105 3444 This advertisement, run by the ad agency which represents British-American TobaccoCo.. Ltd., recently appeared in the British publication "FinancialTimes." TI Censures Aronow Study The Tobacco Institute reacted quickly to "extravagant" media inter- pretations of a California study in which ten men with coronary heart dis- ease were exposed to cigarette smoke. Under the direction of Dr. Wilbert S. Aronow, the men, each suffering from angina pectoris. a chest pain brought on by exertion. sat in an I1-by-12-foot room for two hours with three people who smoked five cigarettes apiece. Aronow said that after sitting in the "smoke-filled room; " the patients could exercise without chest pains up to 1h minutes less than when they had sat two hours in a ventilated room without smokers. Press interpretations of the study, which was published in the "New England Journal of Medicine." empha- sized "new ammunition to cigarette foes who want to ban or at least segre- gate smoking in lobbies, restaurants and other public places." The Tobacco Institute issued a state- ment to the wire services the afternoon the story broke, saying that "popular interpretations of the smoking experi- ment . . . are both extravagant and unfortunate." Shortly thereafter. TI's Communica- tions Director William KloepferJr. sent a letter to editors of the nation's I 1 I largest daily newspapers. It said: This letter is prompted by national publicity given to some aspects of the enclosed article by a physician at a California Veterans Administration hospital. The publicity on this experiment in- volving ten diseased patients seemed both extravagant and unfortunate. For this reason I felt I should provide you with a copy of the article itself and I hope that if there is any editorial fol- low-up it will be a bit more catdious. For example, one news broadcaster stated that an estimated million Ameri- cans who have angina are endangered by smokers. One major newspaper used the headline. ' r'Von-smoker Near a Cigaret Smoker Seen Facing Same Risk as if Puffrng Himself." It does seem to be a reasonable con- clusion that Aronows extremelv limited observations do not justify judgment that tobacco smoke which might nor- mally be encountered by angina pa- tients puts them at risk. It is a fact that the doctor• who is a longtime and outspoken advocate of prohibitions against tobacco, stated in a newspaper interview sir years ago that tobacco smoke land freen•ay trqf jic•1 adversely affects angina patients. His experiment now reported evidently was not conducted in the spirit of ob- jective inquiry into whether it does but instead to prove that it does. (Editor's note: Aronow told The To- bacco Observer in a 1977 Los Angeles interview that he turns "purple" when in a smoke-filled room.) In any erent. Aronow almost com- pletelv skips comment on the effects, if any. oj'stress among his ill test subjects. He does state that he alerted them to "risks involved" before experimenting with them. But we are not informed of what these risks may have been, in an experiment he says was designed to learn rohat the risks may he. He says he did not expose his patients beforehand to what he calls "the psy- c•hologic•al fac•tors related to the risl s." Again, sre are not told what these irere or srhat implications they mieht hare held for the outcome of his e.rperiments. Finally, none of the news coverage. to my knowledge, pointed out one sig- niflcant limitation as stated by Amnow -that his results appl,v to "the condi- tions of this experiment." We may assume that among other things he referred to the confinement of his patients, one at a timer for nro hours in a tiny sealed room with three heavy smokers. It is difficult to imagine that any individual, sick or srell, would en- counter such a condition in everyday life. The Tobacco Observer 7 TIMN 0127163 TI KU 000000822

HHH Institute Receives $10,000 Philip .Llorris' giJ't to the Humphrey Institute oj'PnblicAjfairs is presented to Sen. .Llttriel Humphrey by Michael A. DeMita, tlte company's Washington representative. A member company of The Tobacco Institute has contributed $10.000 to- wards the agricultural program at the new Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. The Institute was wnceived early in 1977 to recognize and honor the late Stinnesota Senator. It will be located at the Minneapolis campus of the l; niversity uf Stinnesota. Senator Humphrey's alma mater. Currentlv, a nationwide 5'_i) million fund-raising effort to finance a building for the Institute, and to endow it. is nearing its goal. Congress donated S5 million: Japan. S 1 million. Philip Storris is The To- bacco Institute's member company which contributed. The Humphrey Institute will admin- ister programs in technoiogy, human services, public policy and urban affairs. It is an expansion of the University's well-known School of Public Affairs, founded in 1969 to apply academic dis- ciplines to public policy issues. Specific public concerns of the Imti- tute are environmental quality. energy policy. nuclear proliferation, protection of civil iiberties. national health insur- ance and problems of the aging. "To perpetuate the innovative. crea- tive and humane approach to public service exemplified by the career of Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. the In- etitute will be formally dedicated on July 1. 1978. as a national center for the education, stimulation and recruitment of bright young men and women for positions in public and cuttununity serv- ice." says a release about the Institute. Senators Herman E. Talmadge (D- Ga.) and Robert J. Dole (R-Kan.) arc responsible for the agricultural fund- raising committee, which is attempting to raise 52-53 million to fund a profes- surial chair. an annual lecture tierieti, fellowships and ticholartihips. World fuod and agricultural policies will be studied. Vice President Walter F. %iundale is honorary chairman of the l.'nisertitty of Minnesota Foundation, which is raising the funds. Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger has also been acttsely engaged in fund-raising. All contributions are ta.t-deductible, and should be sent to Humphrey Insti- tute. P.O. Box HHH. lfinneapulis, %tinn. i54-30. HEW `Not Interfering,' Official Says John M. Pinney, 34, is not nearly as well known as his boss, the Secretary of Health. Fducation. and Welfare. Joseph A. Califano Jr. Califano picked Pinney to run his $30 million a year anti-smoking campaign. Pinney, therefore, has his finger on the trigger of the government's anti•smoking effort. He will become well known. Prior to being chosen director of HEW's new Office on Smoking and Health. Pinney was managing director of the Washington office of the National Council on Alcoholism. He smoked for 20 years, quitting earlier this year; Califano Is also an ex-smoker. The Tobacco Observer interviewed Pinney, and an edited (for space) version appears here. Most people who earn their livelihood from tobacco are not going to find Pinney's answers satisfactory. We be0eve it is important that our readers know what the government's new "top tobacco man" is thinking. government for the responsible agency and responsible Cabinet Department to try to revitalize the effort to potentially deter people from taking up a habit that the Department believes, and the evidence supports, will significantly increase their risk of premature death or disease. We've avoided picking options where In any way the Department infringed on the rights of smokers. But smoking is an intrusion. You can't ride from an airport or get on a bus without seeing that maybe 60 percent of the ads are for cigarettes. Q: That bothers you? A: I'm saying that smoking is an intrusion. For the government to, quote, intrude on the other side of the question, I think, is highly appropriate. But this is not "big government." To me, that would be massive prohibition. Secretary Califano took a stand on a health issue that, I think, Is in the finest tradition of what a Cabinet officer ought to do. Q: Recent Gallup polls say that 91 percent of Americans believe that smok- ing is dangerous to their health. Another study said that more people know about the "dangers" of smoking than the First Amendment to the Constitution. So why are we spending.$,40 million; what are you trying to tell America's smoking adults? A: I don't think we have to tell Amer- ica's smoking adults that smoking is dangerous. We do have to tell America's smoking adults who constitute high risk groups more about the immediate risks they face as smokers. Q: Let's talk about a specific so-called high risk group-asbestos workers. Studies talk about an Increased chance that these workers will contract lung cancer if they smoke. But a scientist exarnining almost 18,000 workers found that death rates from mesothelioma (a cancer of the lung lining) were almost twice as prevalent in nonsmokers as smokers. Death rmus from non-respimtory cancers were almost twice as prevalent in nonsmokers as smokers. When deaths from all cancer sites, including lung, were combined, there was no significant difjerence in death rates between smokers and non- smokers. But you never hear anything aboutthat? John M. Pinney A: You have to take your best shots. Q: Why is the Caljjano anti-smoking campaign also not an antt-marijtarna campaign? A: Two primary reasons. It's the Secretary's view, pretty well supported by everyone in the Public Health Service, that in terms of the evidence of the long- term consequences of smoking, smoking is a major cause of preventable illness. We should try to prevent those things which are readily preventable. In establishing priorities for the Department, I think it is reasonable that we should pick one which has been a very specific focus of the Department for a number of years. For the past several years, this priority has fallen and has not been given the visibility and attention warranted. It is a question of priorities. Q: Yet isn't it incredible that the Secretary can go ahead with a massive anli-smoking campaign insofar as educating young people, and then com- pletely avoid marijuana? Tobacco snmk- ing among the young is somewhat stable; there has been a fantastic explosion in their use of marijuana-perhaps 10 percent of high school teenagers use it dafly. A: Money spent on drug abuse in recent years has been significantly higher than on smoking and health. There is an agency within HEW with the specific responsibility for dealing with drug abuse. Evidence, while It certainly is not In favor of smoking marijuana, is not damning in terms of long-tetm health risk, as it is for smoking tobacco. Cigarette smoking as a health risk has not had a great deal of visibility over the past several years until the Secretary's initiative. Q: Do you believe that it has been proven that so-callYd second-hand smoke, the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, is dangerous to the healthy nonsmoker? A: I don't beileve that there is sufficient evidence, particularly of the same magnitude as there is about the health risks to the smoker. But there is sufficient evidence of risks to the healthy non- smoker that people should become alarmed. I think that smokers traditionally have been totally unaware of how irritating and offensive their smoke could be to other people. Healthy non- smokers have a right to speak up. As nonsmokers become more assertive, there is going to be less and less side- stream smoke. Q: But again and again we've shown that only a very tiny proportion of our population has any concern with other people's smoke. A: The balance has been very much In favor of smoking. To the extent that there is an underlying thrust to this program, it is to try to redress this irnbalattce. Q: Rep. Dan Daniel (D-Va.), speaking about Secretary Ca6fano, said: "At least one Cabinet member of the Adminis- tration which professed to want a govern- ment 'as good as the people' has no faith whatsoever in the ability of those same people to live their 6ves without Inter- ference."Any comment? A: We're not being intrusive; we're not interfering. ' Q: Mr. CaGfano said in his speech announcing the mqjor antt-smoking campaign that "anyone who denies the overwhelming evidence about smoking and health is attacking science and truth." Do you feel the same way? A: I'm no scientist. But I am a rea- sonably informed public health pro- fessional. I am convinced from what I have read that the burden of scientific evidence Is so overwhelming in its indicttnent of tobacco smoking that anyone who seriously questions it, questions the foundation of most of our knowledge of both human biology, human behavior, and all the other aspects which are involved, particularly the statistical connections between primary lung cancer and smoking. Q: Some of the editorial comment about Mr. Catffano's anti-smoking campaign has been critical, much of it complaining about too much government. Do you have any comment? A: I don't believe that it is too much 8 The Tobacco Observer TIMN 0127164 TI KU 000000823