Tobacco Documents Online

e mmo cco C9b I-6 K STREET. NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON. D. C. '(X10h • i?02t 4r..tg73 Lung Cancer Pres. Carter, on a recent visit to a tobacco warehouse in Wilson. North Carolina. said that "as long as I'm in the White House ... ere'll hae•e a good tnhacco loan prc~¢ram." The Pres'ident also called J'or research "to make the smohinR o/'tabacru even more saJ'e than it is todac." ~ Women And Smoking: TI Report Challenges Popular Claims In 1895 women were arrested for smoking today accounts for everything Duffin adds that almost all research smoking cigarettes in public. Eighty from higher lung cancer death rates to on low-birth-weight (LBW) babies indi- years later they are being assailed with an allegedly higher incidence of ulcers. cates that LBW infants of smokers are charges that smoking causes heart at- . . . But if the percent of women in the healthier than LBW babies of non- tacks, early menopause and damage to general population who smoke is not smokers. unborn children. larger. and if women smokers are not Anne Duffin. a Tobacco Institute vice smoking more, then any higher inci- president. challenges these claims in her dence of disease cannot logically be A major part of "Fact or Fancy" ad- report. "Factor Fancy'.?*'While this44- attributed to cigarettes." dresses the question of lung cancer. It page documented article does not pro- states that "lung cancer death rates re- mote women's smoking. it attempts to pre9narcy ported for U.S. women have been rising dispel myopic allegations with a scien- "Fact or Fancy" answers yes. on the faster year to year than those in men tific dialogue on the topic. It is available average, to the question. "Do women since 1961: ' But the paper continues. from The Institute. who smoke while they're pregnant have "the proportion of cases of the lung °Women are now the special target of smaller babies7" cancer cell type that has been related those who would stamp out smoking:' But an explanation is offered: Dutfin statistically to smoking has changed states the introduction. cites Debra Silverman's study in the little in women over the.past 25 years "And standard. unsubstantiated June 1977 "American Journal of Epi- charges having failed, these crusaders demiology." Silverman "reasoned that are now trying to hit women where they if smoking alone causes birth-weight think them to be most vulnerable-with reduction. the main weight differences threats to their babies and their good between first and second babies of looks. and. yes. even their sex lives:' mothers who smoked only during the Dufiin declares. second pregnancy would be significantly Written in a question and answer for- greater when compared to those ob- mat, the paper elaborates on contempo- served where mothers smoked in both rary studies, often presentingarguments pregnancies, or neither. And the second that publicized accounts omit. babies of the *changed smokers' would These explanations posit that while be lighter than the first. Neither suppo- an increasing numberofadult American sition proved ttve:' Duftin explained. women are smoking. the percentage of Silverman stressed that. "the critical female smokers is as low as pre-World issue is whether smoking causes a re- War II levels. when women began duction in birth weight or whether smoking in significant numbers. smokers are a self-selected group that Dutfinthereforeexplains."Someper- differs from non-smokers in ways un- sons who disapprove of cigarette smok- related to smoking. including the pro- ing say that the Iargernnmherofwomen duction of lower weight babies." Cont on Pg. 9 Volume Three. vumber Four. Aueuu. ly'R CAB Totals Reveal Few Smoking Complaints Further reurtcttng muking on the n;uwn', ;ummercr,d ,urlme~ recenth ha., been dtscu„dd h% the LS C istf -Nerun:uncs Board tf \Bt. Some peu- ple are asking tur a total han. Dues one ,ur passenger e ut ut' ItNt ,~umpiam about ,muking' One out (f L.f N N)" Inturmatiun released h} the C-\B shuw, that une ptn c'rte+'r t+uf +/ rt en 250.000 rvntplctm.i, CAB records reseal that from Jan. 1. 19'7. through March 19'!t tfifteen monthst, there were 4.49 letten ufuum- plaint about smoking. These were writ- ten either to the CAB or one ut' Amen- ca's major I I domestic •'trunk carrter" airlines. (Some of these letters might even have been complaints from smuk- ers, who were denied the chance to smoke.) During that same penod, upprott- mately 96.2 million passengers flew these I I airlines. CAB records show, CAB does not count passengers. it counts what it calls "revenue passenger enplanements." That is. everytime someone boards a plane. he or she is counted. For the 15 months. this total was 216 million. CAB statisticians divide this figure by ?4s to obtain a rough estimate of the number of passengers. Why" CAB as- sumes that most trips are round trips. and that on a certain number of trips plane changes are necessary to reach a destination. Compared to revenue passenger en- planements. the smoking complaint percentage is 0.00020 percent. Cum- pared to the passenger total, it is 0.00046 percent. United Airlines received the lowest number of complaints, seven. while flying more than 19 million passengers. The three airlines with the next fewest percentage of complaints were Delta. American and National. Superdome Smoking Upheld A panel of three federal ap- paats courtiudgss has upheks a federal district court's decision dismissing a lawsuit seeking to prohibit smoking and the salsof cigarettes at the N•w Orleans Supsrdoma. The antl•smoking groups fl1- ing the suit had sought to use the U.S. Constkution as a basis for the smoking ban. But Federal District Court Judge Jack M. Gordon ruled that "to hold that the First, Fifth, Ninth or Fourteenth Atnend- msnts racognize as fundamen- tal the right to be free from cig- arette smoke would be to mock th" lofty purposes of such amendments." An attorney for the antl- smokan said he would appeal to ft U. S. Supreme COurt• TIMN 0127145 TI KU 000000804

. TI's Statement Analyzes Kennedy Anti-Smoking Bill "Infiammatory rhetoric" from the guvernment about ,mokmg `n an un- fair and unjutiuded attack on milliuns of American citizens -farmern. blue collar wurktrti. manufacturers. wholetialers. and retailers, "It iuggests that they are the'enemy' w ho can and should be punished in good cunscience." Horace R. Kurnegay. Tobacco Insti- tute President, said this in a,tatement to a Senate subcommittee on health in Lincoln Story A Lie The following story might be of interest. I do not recall the source of the story and it very likely is apocryphal.but I thought your readers might be amused. Abraham Lincoln was nding in a passen- ger train next to a man who was smoking. He politely asked the man if he would re- fratn from smoking. The man replied that he had paid for his seat, and that he was going to continue smoking. If the smoke drifted into Lincoln's area. that was too bad. Lincoln said nothing but pulled a gun out and aimed it at the man. The man asked him what he was going to do. Lincoln replied that he had paid for his seat, and that he was going to pull the trigger. If the bullet went go the area where the man was sitting. at was too bad. Stewart M. Lee Beaver Fatts. Pa. EDITOR'S'4OTE: Youareright. Mr. Lee. tour story is apocryphal. How cruel your letter is to the memory of Pres. Lincoln and to those who enjoy tobacco today. Lincoln buffs agree (a) that he nevercar- ried a gun and tbl his tolerance as an ab- stainer for those who smoked tand drank) was a mark of his character. In fact. aside from his prejudice against the prejudiced. %tr. Lincoln's greatest at- tribute was malice toward none. The Tobacco Observer presents information and comment on public events of interest to the tobacco industry. It recognizes that there is diversity of opinion about tobacco use and that charges against tobacco are widely publicized while kss attention is given to differing views. which are included in our columns. Its aim is to aid full. free and informed discussion in the public interest, in the conviction that the smoking and health contro- versy must be resolved by scientific research. Published bv The Tobacco Institute Horac•e R. KorneRay, President Paul Knopick. Editor Vic•die Wilson. Circulation Director 2 The Tobacco Observer connection with a recent une-,lay hear- ing on the anu-emuktnt portion t S. ? I I 81 uf Sen. Edw ard ,`l. Kennedv's tD-~tasti.t omnibus "health" bill. The statement analyze-, each section of the enti-,muking proposal. One portion would establish a pro- gram to deter children from smoking. "The tobacco industrv recognizes and holds to the position that smoking is an adult custom." The Institute said. "Its pulicy hab been that smoking should be deferred until a person is ma- ture enough to make the decision in the light of all available information." Tl's statement said. It detailed the "indus- try's actions toward voluntary self- regulation" in this matter. "Everyone agrees that children should not smoke, including, as its record demonstrates, the tobacco in- dustry. Few people. however. know why they do smoke." the statement satd. Taxation Another portion of the bill would im- pose a "Health Protection Tax" on cigarettes, based on "tar" and nicotine content. "Millions of tobacco consumers can walk into hundreds of thousands of re- tail outlets armed with information about the 'tar' and nicotine content of cigarettes and with assurance that a broad spectrum of brands will he avail- able for their choice. "They can express their individual preferences through the democracy of the marketplace-without any nudging from the tax collectors: ' TCs statement said. "The results of the free market mechanism should gratify those who believe that'the less "tar" and nicotine. the better."' TI pointed out that "there is no American brand on the market with a'tar' and nicotine rating as high as the average cigarette sold in 1954." The statement said that if the tax were enacted. it would set a precedent for similar taxes on alcohol. automo- biles. sugar. dairy products. and foods with high cholesterol content. "The transformation of our tax sys- tem from revenue-raising to behavior- control purposes is indeed hazardous:' TI said. PttbNc Srttoldng Another portion of Kennedy's bill would forbid smoking in federal facili- ties. except in special areas. "This provision could mark the re- turn engagement to the American scene of two social tragedies: Prohibition and Segregation." TI said. "Many physi- cians and scientists agree that ... there is no health hazard to the normal non- smoker from exposure to tobacco smoke in everyday situations." "Hanging up 'No Stnoking' signs and segregating employees who smoke tobacco products will not improve the quality of life-environmentally. psy- Late N ews The Tobacco Institute called inconclusive a • '.ridely-publicized Ameri- can Medical Association report on smoking and health. In an unrelated chulueicalhur,tx:talh."Tl,.ud: development, a govern Warning ment scientist announced that a person can smoke Thebtllcallsfortenalternattngwarn- up to one pack per day mgs-rather than the current one on of certain low "tar" cigarette packs and ads-eovenng the cigarettes "without ap- spectrum of health charges against parent risk." tobacco. :1n k1IA committee ana- Tl,aidthat"awarnmgthatlists.pe- lysis said, "The bulk of ctfic diseases )uppnSedly .t,SUc/ated research sponsored by with cigarette smoking could he inter- this pro i ect supports pretedintwodifferentwars bythepub- the contention that cig- lic: that smoking alone causes these arette smoking plays an diseasesorthat,mokingalwayscauses important role in the thesediseases. development of chronic "Neither interpretation is supported by scientific evidence. hence the warn- ings may mislead the public and prompt skepticism about such government mes- sages in general." TI also stressed that these warning labels "have the potential of becoming the object of a teenage hobby, like col- lecting baseball cards or comic books." Kennedy has told Congress that "few, if any. self-respecting scientists or phy- sicians in this country" hold the view that smoking has not been established as a cause of human disease. TI pointed out that "46 eminent sci- entists or physicians" have either testi- fied or submitted statements to Con- gressional committees since 1969 "questioning the theory that smoking is hazardous to health." There are ten cosponsors of the anti-smoking section of the Kennedy bill: Sens. John H. Chafee 1R-R.L1. and Henry L. Bellmon (R-Okla.). and Democrats, Gary Hart (Colo.), Muriel Humphrey (Minn.). Patrick J. Leahy ( Vt.). George McGovern (S.D.). Clai- bome Pell tR.I.). Jennings Randolph ( W. Va.). Donald W. Riegle Jr. I Mich.) and Harrison A. Williams Jr. (NJ.). More hearings are expected. ~ ® 0 Lfichael J. Kerrigan has been named Director of Field Ac•tivities j'or The To- bacc•o Instttute's State Activities De- partment. He a-ill supervise the Public Affairs Area Nlanagers Program. A Chicaeo native. Kerrigan comes to TI J•rom Oeden Food Servic•es Corp., trhere lie tras Direc•torof,Narketin,qr obstructive pulmonary diseases and constitutes a grave danger to indi- viduals with pre-exist- ing diseases of the cor- onary arteries." TI President Kornegay called it "a compilation of abstracts of studies that are from 6 to 12 years o1d.... Most, if not all, have already been published in the literature or presented at meetings." Six tobacco companies funded the 14-year, $15 million program. A project grantee, Dr. Carl C. Seltzer of Harvard Univ., noted that the committee did not say that smoking causes heart disease in healthy people. The 369-page book made headlines the same day President Carter addressed North Carolina tobacco farmers. TI said, "The only real news in the :LsLa document is the con- trived timing...to coin- cide with and discredit Pres. Carter's trip." AMA officials denied this charge. At the National Can- cer Institute, Dr. Gio B. Gori, deputy director of cancer cause and pre- vention, released re- sults of a study on low "tar" cigarettes, "We don't want to call them safe," ex- plained Gori. "But some are so low (in 'toxic' substances) as to cause no observable hazard." Gori was rebuked by some health officials. TI commented, "We will be watching with interest what the scien- tific community will have to say." Sallie Shuping TIMN 0127146 - TI KU o00ooosos ~

Tobacco Trade Employs 1.3 Sume 1.3 million people are employed full or part-time in the growing. manu- factunng and distributing of tobacco products. They wurlk in every,tate and earned $I 1 billion in 1977. according to the l-'.S. Department ut' Agnculture. These data are part uf "The Econom- ic ImpcMUnce of the U.S. Tabaccu Indu,try." a '_"-page paper prepared h} Ruhert H. Mdler. an agricultural economist at l. SDA. "In iv"", the Amertcan public ,pent approrimately ~,I" billion on tuhacca pr.xtucts. ~.l6 btllion uf which wa, tur cigarettes." the report ,a},. "Appruximately ",I out of every ~."5 of all retail expenditures is spent for tobacco products." 1liller found. "These product, account for $I out of every 's'_" pent on nondurable con- ,umer guud,." ,'.tdler puts the ~It, billion cigarette expenditure in perspecti%e, he et}, it equal, .tI percent of the .unount spent for new autumubde,- and about the same u the um American, spent for r. diu,. tele, i,tun en. records. .ind musical instruments. CuncemrnE tarm pnklucttun, the report ,a%, that "although tobacco requires unly tl.3 percent uf the nattun', cropland. tobacco sales totaled ~,'.3 billion last year." which is 5 percent of cash recetpt, from crops. This put, tobacco fifth in value among cash crops-behind curn. soy- hean,. whe.u. and cuttun. Sttller,.tvs. " ruhuccu ,.de, ere tw ice .is great as either rtce. putatu. ur citrus fruit sales. d nd three times larger than peanuts." Manufacturing There .ire I'_ large manufactunng establishments operated by ,tt muiur :irtns. '.ldler ,a' i,. producing the in- du,trn', principal prtxlu.:t-.agarettes. Nu hundred and ,txty-one other estab- lishments produce cigars. chewing and Million pipe tobaccu. and snufi'. Cigarette manufacturers' gross re- cetpts in ly"6 were about ~h billion. Miller says. tThat figure includes i'_.'S billion passed dtrectl} to the f'ederal guvertunent fur ta,e,.t `l.mufacturers of other tobacco products had sales of >hIN1 mdlton. including s-t5 million in federal taxes. "Substantial corporate mcume and other hu,tne„ taxes are also lev ied on cigarette manufacturers," Miller pumts uut. T'he cigarette munutitcturmg industry empluy, .tppru\tmatel} aI.tHNI. as many people t, k,ud pruduct,. itfice furnnure urthe prtnttng trade industries. he notes. 1Nae_e, «ere •?'_1 million in ly'6. Other tubacLo manufacturer, employed II.~IXI, pa}mg million in wages. Tobacco products are manufactured in 29 states. Miller ,a~s. Cigarette factories are in tiurth Carolina, `ir- ginia. Kentucky. and Georgia. Florida is the leading state for cigar fuctone,; other states housing cigar plants tn- clude Pennsylvanta. Alabama, and In- diana. Chewing and smoking tobacco factories are in a number of ;tates. including Tennessee. New Jersey. and Missouri. Exports Tobacco is among the top five U.S. agricultural exports in terms of value. btiller says. Ntore tobacco is exported as unmanufactured leaf than the finished product, he explains. While almost every nation imports some U.S. tobacco. 60 percent of it is shipped to Japan and European nations. Tobacco exports totaled >I.'3= billion in 1977. Miller says. far exceed- ing tobacco imports of S373 million. The U.S. is the leading tobacco export- ing country. with some 5U companies involved. "Tobacco contributed about s1.36 billion toward the nation's balance of payments" in 1977. Miller says. Also. "the movement of tobacco from redry- ing plants and storage warehouses to ports and then aboard ships employs many people in transportation. sales. and traffic departments. as well ;>rs substantial investment in t'acilities." "Tobacco is one of the fex• crops that can utili,e family labor and still provide a reasonable income on a small farm." tlte U. S. Department of Agriculture says. This tobacco farmer is from C<innecticuu. Tax.s "The U.S. Government. all 50 states. and many local governments tax t;ont on Pg.11 'Pride In Tobacco' Combats Foes A major cigarette company has launched a new progtattt. "Pride in Tobacco." designed to unite the North Carolina tobacco community. "The best way to preserve the state's tobacco economy is for those who rely on tobacco to take an active role in supporting the industry." said William D. Hobbs, chairman of RJ. Reynolds Tobacco Company. "Pride in Tobacco" will be "an infor- mation program geared to the agri- business community; ' Hobbs said, at a news conference. "We want to let the world know we support tobacco and we're proud of it." Hobbs told Tarheel media that "our industry has come under increasingly vicious attacks. "Stany of our critics have been very free with words and loose with facts. If }ou believe everything that they and their fellow critics say. tobacco can be blamed for everything from plague to poverty " Hobbs said. The new program, RJ R's tobacco chairman said, will "combat these forces pledged to.destroy our tobacco economy." The program's symbol is stylized tobacco leaves, with a "thumbs up" sign depicting pride. Bumper stickers. lapel pins, baseball caps. posters. window decals. commemorative stamps and brochures featuring the symbol are being distributed. The Tobacco Observer 3 TIMN 0127147 TI KU oooooosos

Please ,,Jd ms name tu (he c )hsener + tree subscription Int. 1 ha,e reJd ~t rserw d ti d h n u k ~Editoria4 ACS Magazine Questions Defective Research ,A ray. Iu,t e hit uf rauunalny. in the smoking and health contro.er,y from a publication which is .tn ai,uwed toe of ,moktng' Y e,. perhaps In the Sprmc Iv-X issue of "«'urld Smuktng & Health:' puhlished hy the American (-.tncer Soctetv. t, .tn article entitled "Do Filters Increase Smukerti Total Lonee,,tty !" It was written hy G. H. S111ler. Ph.D.. Edinboro State College. Pennsvl%ania. Miller clatms that the death certifi- cates he studied in a portion of his state. of persons who smoked non-filter brands. showed they tended to live a little loneer than those who smoked filtered cigarettes. The Edinboro College public rela- nuns department churned out news re- leases. A local Erie paper promoted the Ntiller "finding." The United Press In- ternational bureau in Pa. issued a story that was run in major newspapers. The Washington Post headlined it: "And the Filtered Ones are Even Worse." The fact is that Miller's study is just not done correctly. The American Cancer Society's own statistician pub- tich t:ued that "the,,pproach is vnrpft ,v'.otc." The iuhaca In,ntute', statistician Dr. %t,tnin A. l:.t,tenhaum also e\- pluined to tnqutrtng reporters that Sliller is eudn „f,ume elementan ,ta- ti,ucul errorc. Sliller. in turn..:ntictred Tl', hastenhaum for "try mg to confuse the mas,es.'• Ye+. hut now that ray. "World Smoking & Health" is a tightly edited ACS publication: it does not print what it does not want to about smoking and health. In its Summer issue. it has wisely chosen to seriously question its Spring publicity on the fatally defective Miller study. in the form of a published letter from Edward A. Lew. past president. Society of Actuaries. U.S.A. Lew said: "It is regrettable that in so important an issue as the effect of filters on the mortality of smokers. Dr. Miller did not employ the generally accepted sound methods for making mortality comparisons: " Maybe that buries Miller's muddled work once and for all. But don't count on it. 10th TTO This is an anniversary. of sorts-our tenth Tobacco Observer. In our first Observer, we explained that the paper "will in newspaper sty le. report on government actions. re- search results• industry activities and other public events of interest to those whuse li%elihoods are in some way as- <ociated with tobacco." There has been plenty to chronicle. I n the tw o years since The Observer's birth. we have watched the government launch a major anti-smoking campaign. A noted American voluntary health organization held hearings across the country in a carefully rehearsed pro- gram to castigate smoking and smokers. Anti-smoking legislation continues to Quote of `?he obseyter "The resemblance of current ideas about c•aneer's myriad causes to long- held but nut,• dis•c redited eiex•s about TB suggests the possibility that cancer may he one disease uJ'ter all and that it may turn out, as TB did. to have one principal causal agent and he c ontrol- lahle by one program of treatment. Indeed, as Letris Thomas has ohsen•erL all the diseases for trhic h the issue of c•attsation has been settled, and tchic•h Thanks! be considered by municipalities. states and the federal government. The tiny band of vocal anti-smokers tas distin- guished from the many nonsmokers/ are able to ballyhoo enough attention to get such bills introduced. and occasionally passed. So it would appear that, perhaps even more than when launched. The To- bacco Observer is needed, as we said in our first issue. to enable people "to be well informed about the problems faced by tobacco. including the continuing and wrongful attacks."' Our mail shows that apparently some believe we have been successful in that large and important job. Let us know what we can do better. can be pret•ented and ctved. hat•e turned out to hat.e a simple physical c•ause-like the pneumococcus for pneumonia. the tubercle bacillus for tuberculosis, a single vitamin deficiency for pellagra-and it is far J'rom unlike%v that something comparable t,•i/l et•entrmlly be isolated for cancer. The notion that a disease can be explained only by a variety of c•auses is precisely c•harac•teristic• of thinking about diseases ,rho.se causation is not understood." Susan Sontag, essayist ••llbtess as Metaphor„ 1978, Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Publishers T .. ~, nme, .,n ,. e md i,1 rc,ptm,ic 11L(l~ee~~C~..pL~ti7• cummunicauun th;n n needed in this :rc.,t .uuntn uf uun Would it he pu,.lhle ru re• to t~e dltor enehuc~l DuranRo Phoenix. kriz. 1• ou people ure dumg a g,xx/ wb up there for the people in the tuhattu mdu,try I will continue to wnteuur( ungre„men,tnd our Senators in getttng all the support pu,- ,thle to help } uu to get across to the people that our freedom is hemg taken .,w,,y from us day h~ day, Percy 4. Tucker Richmond, Va. I ha%e read the lies and the prupanandu in %our diuutiting little publication. sh ,mly wi,h for wu and the people who run your mdu,try is that I hupe enher m this hte or the next yuu pend man} huur, utfenng the same way you have caused others to ,utfer. Please take your newspaper and flush it down the toilet with other matenak in the same classtfication. Coleen Cook Cleveland. Ohio I have just formed the National Smokers Rights Association. Inc.. in Goldsboro. North Carolina. Let me make it perfectly clear, we are not trying to impose our ideas on either non- smokers or children. What we are trying to do is reach a human rights compromise w here we can coexist in harmony in all areas of our society. For all smokers and nonsmokers: Don't be discourteous when you feel you are being pushed. Wouldn't it be easier to try an acceptable compromise than force'! For. Str. Califano. who is trying to remove smoking from all federally-funded projects, either through direct orders if possible or coercion if necessary, I say. Mr. Califano you can go to Hell!! You work for us. the taxpayers. all of the taxpayers. and not just a portion who hap- pen to believe as you do. If the Unthed States can coexist on this planet with Russia and China, surely we as law-abiding. senstbk adults can coexist with each other in harmony. Rondd L. Fltnt. President Vatimtal Smokers Rights Associatton, Inc. Box 1773 Gokisba•o, N.C. 27530 A very interesting paper. It should be gtven more publicity. Frank Raynor St. Petersbttrg, Fta. Informing. George F. l Wt Lyors. Kao. EDITOR S\t) rF H,tck n,ue, are .,..ul. ,,hle. hs wntmg fhe t.,h,,,.,,, Ilh,cr.er H,tse re.td etiers •un,le and 'h.v, aenl. emused itn enurets Syilliam B. t.ine th% utKs. ttd. 1u Intere,tlne I w.,utd 'Ike ta ,.,nt.ruc recen ing n Richard N, Rian Rutland. 1 t. fhts is nn kind ut' p,,per Vichael t.aurent•e lice President Playboy Enterprise,. tnc. heep up the e,xKi wurk-I keik titrw,,rd to each issue of rhe fuh,l,w Uh.er,er You do a goud wh ot pre,entmg the te,t, in a difficult area. Jack W. Thompson BtrminRttam. vtich. In The Tobacco Ob,erser. yuu cun emu% some of the greatest hair ,phtting and fancy straddling m captn «y.,ecund onl} to the L' S. Congresi in English gymna,u". Dkk tiothwell. columnist St. Petersburg /Fla.t Times We enjoy your publication iery much and would like for our sales and managenal staff to also take ,tdvantage of some of the fine articles you pnnt. William R. Hagman Jr. President. Hagflsatt's Inc. Plttsbttrg, Kac. 1A This is a photo of the sign we put up. It attracted a lot of attention from grateful. persecuted smokers. They asked for small signs they could place in their place uf work. The industry needs facts to refute the hysteria created by the other stde. S. Taiz Tafz of Tueson. Ariz. "Rememher, sir• ynu can onlv light up in the Goternment Smokin¢ Camplnutd jh e hloc•ks ,rest and fntrr let•els• doirn." 4 The Tobacco Observer TIMN 4127148 rI KU 000000807

, 1981 New York `Law' Is Bedlam ' .iI.BAN1r.V h ..Oct, t".lyRl -The t>,emhh ttxiay u.eruhclmtngly .tp- pruted and sent to the Senate .t hdl re- yutnng everyhudy tu get uut uf' hed on the left ,rde. Pruptment, of the measure -arguing that too man} people are needle„ly tn- wred through la~k uf t:untharrty wrth ,dternutt.e paths from twu,tdc, uf thcrr hcd, when the) rrt,e in thc d,trA-u%er- rtxle mtnuruy Ohtecttun, ba,ed lurgely un difficulties cvpccted fur those ahu ,lecp on the right in double hed,. \„emhlt wam,tn \ Ickic Clanun ,Cun,cr%au.e. \t.tnh:ut,tm won a %urcc %ute on the re,tnctt~e legislation ,il'ter ,in amuttun:Q speech in which she ad- mitted that the mmunt} uf .tdult, who still leep in double beds is sizable. "~utwuMt.tnding:' she declared. "the n&hn uf the maturity must pre%ad. Rising medical care costs resulting from unnecessary injuries to people who are disoriented w hen they get up are putting an intolerable burden on taxpayer, and limited public health care facrlities." Clarion said an estimate provtded by the 1.;. S. Department ut' Heulth. Edu- ,:auun. and Welfare showed federal ex- penditure, alone for disability related tu bedroom ;tcctdent, amount to some •1-3 billion annually, up from less than • i million 25 y ears ago w hen mu,t pcu- ple till had double hed, Sen. Greeunu Ohfu,ca rD-Butf;dur. ,~hauman of the referral committee rn the upper huu,e. promised "heartng, in depth" hefittt tny Senate tctiun un the mc,t,ure is chedulcd. " \mung uther things." ( )hfuxa said. [n rew York City, a,pol.e,man for mr„vuner Arthur [. Tanan. head ut •he the United Innkeepers -V„a:r,uiun state Bureau uf Ime,ugattun. Reached promised a renewed effurt to get :m ex- hy telephune. T'anan cunfirmed his tcn- cmpttun wrttten into the hill, He said tatr%e appearance. enactment wuuld cut the normal life of mattre„c, in halt' through wcctr-;md- tcur un une ide onl~.,tnd estimated the co,t to hotels and mutel, throuchuut the t,tte at more than •'_5 million per y cttr OhPu,ca did nut .ee .t date tor his committee he,trtng, tu hegtn. hut mdt- ,::ued that the tir,t w itne„ w rll he C-om- "We'te got to hrtng to the tttenttun uf the citizens of this l,tte -re6ardle„ uf what krnd, ut hed, the} -,e gut-the ~,ruw rng problem ut' cntur~ement pnurt- uc,." I-,tnun said, " fhen it Ihey ~+ant us to take time out from .rn-c,ttng p au- pie fur,muking in puhhc p6t~c,, 'hut', up to them." "we're _umg tu inquire into the entitrce- ,,hdity ut this prupu,al. I yue,twn thc wt,dum of adding une more ,t:uute to the htwk, if the result t, )u,t going tu he that marn more CorBuw, out there." \teanw htle. a report from the C'urnell l.'niter,ttt :tunpu, indicated that a pe- tition dtne is underway to exempt dur- mitory rooms. Student leaders were quoted as,aying the A,scmbly move is a thinly teiled "back door trick" by legislators to enable authorities tu,ntwp around to see what else is going on in their rooms. 'We Can't Afford' Califano Campaign By a three to one margin, readers of the magazine "*iation's Business" say the government should not be conduct- ing an anti-smoking campaign. "As a smoker. I find the idea some- what amusing that I should be required. through taxes, to help finance an anti- smoking campaign. "It would be refreshing if the govern- ment would show less concern about my health and welfare and more about my right to make a choice." wrote a New Mexico business executive. in his letter to the publication's editor. In its May issue, the magazine asked readers. "Should the federal govern- me nt co nduc t anti-smo king campaigns'?" The vote against was 1.490: there were 495 yes votes. A merchandising vice president wrote that the governmeni s campaign is "an intrusion on individual freedom." "We can't afford Mr. Califano:' he wrote, in reference to Secretary of Health. Education. and Welfare.Joseph A. Califano Jr. "Mr. Califano has achieved the dream of every ex-smoker:" wrote another senior executive. "He gets to tell every- one in America: 'You really ought to quit.' And the government underwrites him to the tune of $30 million." "Government as a social mechanism works well when it protects individuals from each other: conversely, it works poorly when it tries to protect individ- uals from themselves:' wrote another executive. "Nation's Business" is published by the U. S. Chamber of Commerce. and has a circulation of more than one mil- lion readers. Other comments from business ex- ecutives opposed to the campaign in- cluded: •"Mr. Califano is a typical do-gooder -interfering in what I think is none of his business. Tomorrow he will find some new menace to save me from my- self. At age 77. I have handled my own health in a manner satisfactory to my- self. HEW must have other more seri- ous problems than smoking." •"[ agree with The Tobacco Insti- tute that scientific data is lacking to support HEW's position. Further, this is not a problem for government regu- lation." •"We have too many federal agen- cies now." • "No. and I don't smoke." •"Absolutely not. I am tired of the government trying to take care uf every- one. It is up to an individual in our society to take care of himself." • "Interference in personal matters is not a function of our government, and tax money should not be spent for that purpose." •"Keep the government out of our private lives as much as possible. Should the government decide how much TV you should watch, or how much of any- thing you should do° No." • "After the government has ade- quately communicated established haz- ards, it has completed its proper role. Anything else is meddling. After all. at least some of the American people are as smart as Califano. regardless of what he thinks." •"1f proof is found that these claims against smoking are ttue, the findings should bb publicized through regular news channels, and let the people make their choice. (1 am a nonsmoker. t" In the I RKOs, cigarette manufacturing entered the industrial era with James Bunsack'i invention of the cigarette rolling machine. l: ntil then manufactur- ers hired hundreds of peuple. called "rollers." to make cigarettes by hand. One company. Allen and Ginters of Richmond, Virginia. employed 500 roll- ers in 1883. By 1886 the number rose to 900. This mushrooming growth cre- ated an unwieldy labor force. making Adic 1'` "W" 4_9N, •.a James 8onsack invented the first prac- tical ci,Yarerte-makinX machine bef'ore lte rra.s nvenn' nne. mechanization essential to satisfy cus- tomers' demands. Bonsack had worked on the rolling machine since his mid-teens. At age 22. the Virginia planter's son established a machine company and was eager to lease his invention to cigarette manu- facturers. But mechanized production was not immediately embraced by tobacco man- ufacturers. Although each machine pro• duced 120.000 cigarettes per ten-hour day. equivalent to the production of 50 hand rollers. companies refused to rent it for they doubted its reliability and be- lieved that customers preferred hand- rolled cigarettes. Bonsack acknowledged that his com- plicated invention had minordifficulties. A system of cylinders and belts, the machine rolled a ribbon of paper and tobacco into a continuous cigarette: a circular knrt'e then cut it tu pectfied lengths. These ciearetteti fell into has- kets at a rate of 200 to 212 per minute. But the flow uf,hredded tohactu tu- ward the rollers often titalled. slowing production. So Bunsuck offered luw royalty rates to W. Duke and Sons Cu, if they would install two ut' hi5 machines in their Durham. North Carolina. ctga- rette factory. He agreed to send his best mechantc. William O'Brien, to help Duke correct malfunctions, Duke accepted Bonsack'i offer, paying a fee of 24 cents per thuu- sand cigarettes. Anxiously, Duke and O'Brien worked to improve the mechanism. On its final test. April 30. 1884. each machine suc- cessfully operated for a full working day. The machine enabled Duke to expand his tobacco company into the nation's largest cigarette manufacturer. I n 1881, his factories produced 9.8 million ctga- rettes. 1.5 percent of the market total. But after five years of mechanical oper- ation. W. Duke and Sons manufactured 744 million ctgarettes. more than the national total in 1883. Competttors quickly succumbed to Duke's mechanization. In 1890. the four largest firms joined the tobacco magnate to form American Tobacco Cu. Duke contracted with Bonsack for exclusive rights to the leasing of his invention. Under the agreement. Bon- sack insured that none of his machines operated in competing American fac- tones and that his remained superior to any cigarette rolling machine. This contract lasted until 1895 when Bon- sack lost rights to important parts of his machine through a court decision. American Tobacco Co. immediately purchased the equipment that it had leased for eleven years. America's tobacco industry was changing during the latter years of the nineteenth century: new tobaccos were developed and popular preference turned to cigarettes. But it was Bon- sack's rolling machine that provided the necessary charge to boost the industry into its new age ofcigarette production. The first tobacco label was printed in Holland in 1644 bearing the designa- tion "Orientael Virginais Tuback: ' The Tobacco Observer 5 TIlVIN 0127149 TI Ku 000000808

Dwyer: 'Where The Industry StandsI *'There is no longer any controversy among responsible health officials concerning the health hazards of cigarette smoking." With this sentence, Richard W. Olshavsky. a marketing professor at Indiana University. begins his essay. "~tarkeung's Cigarette Scar:' in the June issue of the prestigious magazine William F. Dx•ver "Business Horizons." But the Olshavsky piece is refuted by the article "Smoking: Free Choice." by William F. Dwyer. a vice president of The Tobacco Institute. The articles ran concurrently. Concerning the charge which begins Olshavsky's article, Dwyer writes: "The 1964 Report of the Surgeon General . . reported a statistical association between smoking and increases of such illnesses as lung cancer, heart disease. and emphysema. "But the report itself conceded that 'statistical methods cannot establish proof of a causal relationship in an association."' Dwyer writes that "although the members of the Surgeon General's advisory committee. who authored the report. reached a jttdgment that smoking causes certain diseases. other scientists do not agree with them." "Science must be given the room it needs to investigate the smoking and health question:" Dwyer writes. "Science is needed to provide answers to a series of questions that represent gaps in knowledge: -To what extent are genetics involved in the causation of cancer or other diseases? -lf smoking causes cancer. why do most smokers not develop tt! One pathologist says. 'Any theory which claims "A" causes "B" also has to explain why "a" does not cause "B" in those in whom it does not happen.' -Cotn ersely. tf,moking causes lung cancer, heart disease. and emphyiema. wh,v do nonsmokers develop these diseases? -Which occupational exposures need to be considered?" "The scientific commitment of the tobacco industry is clear:' Dwyer w rites. "For nearly twenty-five years cig- arette manufacturers have been sup- porting independent research with nonrestrictive funding. Hundreds of researchers in medical schools, hospi- tals, and other scientific institutions in this country and abroad have received more than S70 million from the tobacco industry to support their investigations." "Conttary to public belief, while the health groups. certain branches of government. and some vngle-tssue advtx:ates are trytng to advance their own interests by blaming tobacco and smokers for many modem ills," Dwyer says that "a new target" has emerged-"the product's purchaserc" "The individual smoker is made to suffer public disapproval and ridicule. A former national president of the American Lung Association told a new Npaper about his hopes fur this new approach. Pnihuble t/re rm/s• «ut n e run u in u tnb.stantial reductiun rin tmulinti tt if ive c un vumeku« ntake it nunuc cept- uhle srrctallc. We thuntht tite +rure clf medical statistirs and upiniun.s tiotdd prnduce a major reduetiun, lt didn't." Professor Olshavsky t"a reformed smoker'l believes "the world would be better without the cigarette and recom- mends that this fact be reflected in the business realm:' says "Business Hori- zons" editors. The magazine is pub- lished by the Graduate School of Busi- ness. Indiana University. Dwyer. a tobacco industry spokes- man. points out "where the industry stands." "The tobacco controversy is ages old. Several sociologists suggest the core of the controversy is an ineluctable part of human nature in that any practice or product that provides pleasure for some will provoke outrage in uthen." "The tobacco tnduury long has been respected for its contribution to this .:ountry's development." Dwyer stresses. "Huwe~er. it has come under increased attack from tobacco foe~, The tndutitn will no longer turn the other cheek.' "Those adults who choose to he tobacco consumers, as part ut' their hentage ut' free chotce. deserve to he defended." Dwyerconcludeti• "\otunh hecause their product is enmeshed in .antru- serey. but also because they are in control of thetrdetitmy, representanses ut' the tobacco mdustry are .peahtng up as nev er before. "They believe business needs to exercise its right to be heard. Fur w here free enterprise does not respond, its very existence is jeopardized. In recognition of this realiry, The Tobacco Institute takes its public stand on the basis of the following platform: "I. The question of smoking and health is still a question. "2. Tobacco smoke does not imperil normal nonsmokers. "3. The tobacco farm program is an essential part of public policy. "4. The freedom of choice of the industry's customers must be pre- served." federal government is first in research expenditures, the tobacco industry is second." writes Dwyer. "All of the private health agencies combined rank a distant third." "The tobacco industry is convinced that no cigarette has been proven un- safe," he continues. "Therefore, they regard any suggestions of a'safe' or 'safer' cigarette as tortured logic. "The reduced 'tar' and nicotine cigarettes represent about 30 percent of sales and are in the marketplace because of consumer demand. That demand obviously reflects the personal preference of smokers: " Olshavsky urges readers to contrib- ute "time, expertise. and money to those voluntary health organizations currently engaged in the fight against cigarette smoking." But Dwyer writes. "In my opinion. Catif. Proposition AFL-C IO Says Vote No The Executive Council of the 1.8 million member California Labor Fed- eration. AFL-CIO, is urging a no vote on Proposition 5, a stringent smoking prohibitions measure on the state's November ballot. If approved by voters. the law would prohibit smoking in most enclosed pub- lic places, places of employment and educational and health facilities. Res- taurants would be required to establish nonsmoking sections and state and local governments must post signs at each entrance to every building stating smoking is unlawful. except in desig- nated areas. Elizabeth R. Gatov, former U. S. Treasurer. has joined Californians for Common Sense. the group opposing the Proposition. it was announced. "The smoking prohibitions proposi- tion. if passed in November. would cost local and state taxpayers of California an additional $43 million to comply during the first year." she said. "We don't need higher taxes: we need common sense and consideration for others." Also joining the Common Sense or- ganization is Klaus D. Schmidt. Ph.D.. an authority on international business. "We already have far too many laws and proposed laws dreamed up by somebody to make somebody else do this or not to do that: ' Schmidt said. "We're rapidly approaching the point where a person won't be able to get out of bed in the morning without breaking some law controlling his personal con- duct." 6 The Tobacco Observer EDITOR'S NOTE: It you have a ques• tion about tobacco, or smokittg and he>alth, write tts. Question: Is there such a thing as an allergy to tobacco smoke? Answer: Charles L. Waite. M.D., Medical Director. The Tobacco Institute. has reviewed the scientific research on tobacco smoke and allergy. He concludes. "The question of whether tobacco smoke is capable of producing allergic response in smokers or nonsmokers is unresolved." Waite explains that nearly all the studies for tobacco allergens (foreign substances which can cause allergic reactions) used extracts from tobacco leaf. not tobacco smoke itself. "Some scientists doubt that any allergens. which might be present in leaf, could survive the burning of the tobacco:" Waite says. Allergens "have not been scientifically established as present in tobacco smoke." "Tobacco smoke can be objection- able to certain individuals." Waite writes. While those who have allergies "may object more than other persons to smoke, it does not necessarily mean that they are allergic to smoke." Waite explains that "'allergic' is frequently misused by the public at large to mean anything they don't like (I'm allergic to the IRS) or flnd per- sonally offensive or irritating." A copy of the Waite paper is available by writing The Tobacco Instttute. TIMN 0127150 TI KU 000000809

The right to choose The current favourite for the attention of such people is the advertising of cigarettes. Closely followed by that of alcohoL But the list can be extended to the advertising of products made from animal fat Or of products that contain saccharine. And even of products that pollute, and collide with each other; and put their drivers into hospital. Those who believe in banning the advertising of such products would extend the list fiuthec All they need is time. But there are others who believe that the citizen has certain inalienable rights in a free sociery• The right to exercise free choice for instance. And that this, by definition, must include the right to smoke. The right to dtink The right to eat dairy foods. There are some people who believe And that,providing he exercises those that the advertising of certain products should rights with a sense of responsibility to the be banned. society in which he lives, no legisladve The right to drive. The right to take the risks he knowsabout The right to measure those risks assembly should seek to deny him access. If that belief is w•ell-founded, then the advertising agency, Allen, Brady and Marsh believes that free and honest trading of cigarettes, alcohol, dairy foods and motor c-ars should continue. That, just as governments should be free to wam of risks, manulacturers should be free to advertise their products. Of course there should be sateguards, The health of the citizen should be protected. But the health of democracy is also important President Hoover, in 1928, put it better than we could hope to do: "Free speech does not live many hours after free industry and &ee commerce die" The advertising launch of State Express 555 King Size cigarettes started on 24th May 1978. Allen, Brady &:bfarsh is proud to be responsible. against the pleasure he gains. ,aBM House Notwich Street London EC4. Te101-405 3444 This advertisement, run bv the ad agencv which represents British-American Tobacco Co.. Ltd.. recently appeared in the British public•ution "Financial Times." TI Censures Aronow Study The Tobacco Institute reacted quickly to "extravagant" media inter- pretations of a California study in which ten men with coronary heart dis- ease were exposed to cigarette smoke. l; nder the direction of Dr. Wilbert S. Aronow. the men. each suffering from angina pectoris. a chest pain brought on by exertion. sat in an 11-by-12-foot room for two hours with three people who smoked five cigarettes apiece. Aronow said that after sitting in the "smoke-filled room." the patients could exercise without chest pains up to ISh minutes less than when they had sat two hours in a ventilated room without smokers. Press interpretations of the study. which was published in the "New England Journal of 4tedicine: ' empha- sized "new ammunition to cigarette foes who want to ban or at least segre- gate smoking in lobbies, restaurants and other public places." The Tobacco Institute issued a state- ment to the wire services the afternoon the story broke, saying that "popular interpretations of the smoking experi- ment . . . are both extravagant and unfortunate." Shortly thereafter. TI's Communica- tions Director William KloepferJr. sent a letter to editors of the nation's 1 I 1 largest daily newspapers. It said: This letter is prompted b}• national publicity given to some aspects uJ'the enclosed article bv a phvsic•ian at a California Veterans Administration hospital. The publicity on this experiment in- volving ten diseased patients seemed both extravagant and unfortunate. For this reason I felt I should provide you with a copy of the article itself and I hope that if there is any editorial fol- low-up it will be a bit more cautious. For example, one news broadcaster stated that an estimated million Ameri- cans who have angina are endangered by smokers. One major newspaper used the headline. ",Von-smoker ,Vear a Ciqaret Smoker Seen Facing Same Risk as if Puffing Himself." lt does seem to be a reasonable c•on- c•hcsion thatAronosv's e.rtremely limited observations do not justifv judgment that tobacco smoke which might nor- mallr be encountered bv angina pa- tients puts them at risk. It is a fact that the doctor, srho is a lunetime and outspoken advocate of prohibitions against tobacco• stated in a neuspaper interview six years ago that tobacco smoke land freeway traf- Jic•I udverseh• affects angina patients. His experiment now reported evidentlv «as not conducted in the spirit of ob- jective inquiry into whether it does but instead to prove that it does. i Editor s note: Aronow told The To- bacco Observer in a 1977 Los Angeles interview that he turns "putple" when in a smoke-filled room.) In any erent• Aronow almost com- pletelv skips comment on the eJJ`'ects• if anys ujstress among his ill test subjects. He does state that he alerted them to "risks involved" heJ'ore e.rperimentinq srith them. But sre are nut inlurnted of what these risl s may hure been. in un experiment he says was desikned to learn srhat the risl s mav be. He sa,ys he did not expose his patients beJ'orehand to svhat he calls "the psv- c•hulugic•al J'actors related tu the risks•" Again, we are not told sshat these n ere or nhat implications thec mi4ht have held fur the outcome uJ'his experiments. Finallv, none oJ'the news coverage. to my knoK•led.ge, pointed out one riq- nifccant limitation as stated hv Aronosr -that his results apply to "the condi- tions of this experiment." We mav assume that amang uther things he referred to the confinement of his patients, one at a time. Jor ncu hours in a tiny sealed room with three heas;v smokers. It is dgicult to imaaine that any individual, sick or H•ell. iruuld en- counter such a condition in everyday life. The Tobacco Observer ' TI KU 000000810 TIMN 0127151

HHH Institute Receives $10,000 i Philip ,L/urrts' eiR to the Huntphrey htatt`tute nf' Puhlic .-l i,litirr is presented ru Sen. tlariel Httntphrey hr .Llit')tuel A. De.tilita. the compunr's Washington representative. HEW 'Not John M. Pinney, 34, is not nearly as well known as his boss- the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Joseph A. Califano Jr. Califano picked Pinney to run his 530 million a year anti-smoking campaign. Pinney, therefore, has his finger on the trigger of the government's anti-smoking effort. He will become well known. Prior to being chosen director of HEW's new Office on Smoking and Health. Pinney was managing director of the Washington office of the National Council on Alcoholism. He smoked for 20 years, quitting earlier this year: Califano is also an ex-smoker. The Tobacco Observer interviewed Pinney, and an edited (for space) version appears here. Most people who earn their livelihood from tobacco are not going to find Pinney's answers satisfactory. We believe it is important that our readers know what the government's new ••top tobacco man" is thinking. Q: Mr. Califano said in his speech announcing the major anti-smoking campaign that "anyone who denies the overwhelming evidence about smoking and health is attacking science and butlt." Do you feel the same way? A: I'm no scientist. But I am a rea- sonably Informed public health pro- fessional. I am convineed from what I have read that the burden of scientific evidence is so overwheYning in its indictment of tobacco smoking that anyont who seriottsly questions It, quesHons the foundation of mtwt of our knowledge of both human biofogy, human behavior, and all the other aspects which are involved, particularly the statistical connections between primary hmg cancer and smoking- Q: Some of the editorial comment about Nn Caljjano's anti-sttwking cataapaign has been critical, much of it eomplaining about too much government. Do you have any comment? A: I don't believe that it is too much 8 The Tobacco Observer A member company of The Tobacco Instttute has contributed 'S10.t)D0 to- wards the agricultural program at the new Hubert H. Humphre} Institute of Puhlic Atfairs. The Institute wai concei%ed eark in 19" to recugmze and honor the late Minnesota Senator. It wtll he located at the Mhnneapulis ccunpu<uf the l-'m%er.itn ut Minnesota. Senator Humphrey's alma mater. Currentlk. a natiunwide >'ll million fund-raising effort to finance a building for the Institute. and to enduw it. is nearing its goal. Cuneress donated Si mtlliun: Japan. iI million. Philip .%Iums is The To- bacco Institute's member compan} w hich contributed. The Humphrey Institute will admin- ititer programs in technology, human ,ervices. public policy and urhan afI ttrs. It is an expansion of the l:nt~ertinv's well-known School of Public Affairs. founded in lyfiy to appl} academic dir ciplineti to public poiic} h.ue.. Spectfic public wncerns of the Imtt- tute ,tre emironmental yu:duy. energy puhcy. nuclear proliferattun. protection uf ct%d liherttes. national health tmur- .tnce and problems of the aging. °Tu perpetuate the innu%ame. crea- tt%e and humane approach to public ,ernice eeempltfied hy the :areer of Senator Hubert H. Humphres, the In- ,utute wdl he formalth dedicated un J ul v I. 19"8s as a national center fur the educattun. stimulation and recruitment of bright young men and women for pusttions in pubiicandcummumty sern- ice.'- says a release about the Institute. Senators Herman E. Talmadge r D- Ga.) and Robert J. Dole t R-Kan i are responsible for the agncultural fund- raising committee. which is attempting to raise i'_-53 million to fund a prufes- .unal chatr, an annual lecture ,enes. fellowships and scholarships. µnrld ftxxl and agricultural pultcies wtll he ,tudted. % ice President NWulter F%inndale is hunurar} chairman of the L m%ersltn nf ~hnnesuta Foundation. which is raising the fund,. Former 5ecretarn of 1t.tta Henr} Kissinger has ahu heen .tcu%el} eneaged in fund-ra»mg. afI contributions are ta,k-.ieducphle, and should he sent to Humphre} Inut- tute. P.O. Bat HHH. \hnneapuhti, Minn. S5J-li), Interfering,' Official Says government for the responsible agency and responsible Cabinet Department to try to revitalize the effort to potentially deter people from taking up a habit that the Departgnent believes, and the evidence supports, will significantly increase their risk of premature death or disease. We've avoided picking options where in any way the Department infringed on the rights of smokers. But smoking is an intrusion. You can't ride from an airport or get on a bus without seeing that maybe 60 percent of the ads are for cigarettes. Q: That bothers you? A: I'm saying that smoking is an intrusion. For the government to. quote, intrude on the other side of the question, I think, is highly appropriate. But this is not "big government-" To me, that would be massive prohibition. Secretary Caiifano took a stand on a health issue that, I think, is in the finest tradition of what a Cabinet officer ought to do. Q: Recent Ga!!up poUs say that 91 percent of Americans believe that smok- ing is dangerous to their health. Another study said that more people know about the "dangers" q/'smoking than the First Amendment to the Constitution. So why are we spending $30 million; what are you trying to teRAmerica's smoking adults? A: I don't think we have to teU Attter- ica's stttokittg adults that smoking is dangerous. We do have to tell America's smoking aduits who constitute high risk groups more about the itnnediate risks they face as smokers. Q: Lu's talk about a speciftc so-called hfgh risk group-asbestos workers. Studies talk about an increased chance that these workers will contmct lung cancer if they smoke. But a scientitt ezmniaiag alnwst 18,000 workers found that death rates fiam mesothelionta (a caneer of the lung Gning) were almost twice as prevalent in nonrnwkers as smokers. Death rates from non-respiratory cancers were almost twice as prevalent in nonsmokers as smokers. When deaths from all cancer sites, including lung, were cotttbined, there was no signifu•ant difference in death rates between smokers and non- smokers. But you never hear anything about that? John M. Pinney A: You have to take your best shots. Q: Why is the CaGfano antf-stnoking campaign also not an anti-marijuarw campaign? A: Two primary reasons. It's the Secretary's view, pretty well supported by everyone in the Public Health Service, that in terms of the evidence of the king- term consequences of smoking, smoking is a major cause of preventable ilittesv. We should try to prevent those things which are readily preventable. In establishing priorities for the Department, I think it is reasonable that we should pick one which has been a very specific focus of the Department for a number of years. For the past several years. this priority has fallen and has not been given the visibility and attention warranted. It is a question of priocitks. Q: Yet isn't it incredible that the Secretary can go ahead with a massive anti-smokfttg campaign insofar as educating young people, and then com- plealy avoid marijuana? Tobacco smok- ing among tlte young is somewhat stable; there has been a fantastic explosion irt their use of marfjtrana-perhaps 10 percent of high school teenagers use it daf[y. A: Money spent on drug abuse in recent years has been significantiy higher than on utwking and health. There is an agency within HEW with the specific responsibility for dealing with drug abuse. Evidence, while it certainly is not in favor of smoking ntarijuana, is not damning in tertns of long-term health risk, as it is for smoking tobacco. Cigarette smoking as a health risk has not had a great deal of visibility over the past several years unt6 the Secretary's initiative. Q: Do you believe that it has been proven tltat so-calted second-hand smoke, the smoke frnm the burning end of a cigarette, is dangerous to the healthy nonsmoker? A: I don't believe that there is stdBcient evidence, particularly of the same magnitude as there is about the health risks to the smoker. But there is sufficient evidence of risks to the healthy non- smoker that people should become alarmed. I think that smokers traditionally have been totally unaware of how irritating and offensive their smoke could be to other people. Healthy non- smokers have a right to speak up. As nonsmokers become more assertive, there Is going to be less and less side- sttewtt smoke. Q: But again and again we've shown that only a very tiny proportion of our population has any concern with other people's smoke. A: The balance has been very much in favor of smoking. To the extent that there is an underlying thrust to this program, it is to try to redress this itnbalattce, Q: Rep. Dan Daniel (D-t'a.), speakir+g about Secntary CaGfano, said: "At least one Cabinet member of the.4dtainis- hntfon which professed to want a govern- menr 'as good as the people' has no faith whatsoever in the ability of those same people to Gve their lives without inurv finnee." Any comment? A: We're not being intrusive: we're not Interfering. T I KU 00000081, TIMN 0127152

TOBACCO INOUSTRY PROFILE 1978 V/1ai 1or 19" anba olro.r.Se tutea Consumption Total U. S. consumption including armed forces was about • 620 billion cigarettes overseas • 4 95 billion large cigars and cigardtos • 1 9 billion little cigars . 47 million pounds of pipe and roll-your- own tobacco • 88 7 million pounds of chewing tooacco • 24.4 million pounds of snuff Per capita U SS cigarette consumption, oased on the popu!ation 18 and over was .1064 com- pared with !he record 4345 in 1963 and the recent low 3 985 in 1970 Expenditures U S expenditures for tobacco products were estimated to total $17 1 billion, a record high and an increase of about $710 million over 1976. About 515.8 billion was for cigarettes. S600 mdl on for all cigars and S700 million for pipe and roll-your-own tobacco, chewing tobacco and snuff. Clip and Save United States Tobacco Production TOBACCO GROWERS Tobacco is grown on around 400.000 farms. There were 537 089 allotments to grow tobacco Issued by the federal government.' The acreage harvested was about 965 580 with an average y eld of 2 003 pounds per acre. Tobacco growing requires a great deal of labor There are over a half million farm families directly and indirectly involved in producing tobacco in the U. S aided by additional seasonal workers Between 275 and 300 man-hours of labor are required to produce and market 1 acre of tobacco, In comparison. it takes about LOANS When growers approve marketing quotas lor a certain type of tobacco.. pnce supports rar it are mandatory Under the pnce support program the Commodity Credit Corporation 1CCC) makes loans to farmers through their associations with the, tobacco as collateral. The associations handle and sell the tobacco and repay the loans as the tobacco is sold The realized Cost of the price support program stnce ite start in 1933 has been about 12 percent of the cost for all farm Commbdity price Support operations FOREIGN PROGRAMS Sales of !eaf tobacco abroad on reasonaole cred t terms under Public Law 480 amounted to 29 8 million pounds worth 555.725 000 312 man-hours for an acre of food grains wheat Government Receipts From Taxes and r eel. TOBACCO SALES TOTAL EXCISES About 95 percent of the nation s tobacco is sold More than hatf of the proceeds of domestic re- at auction in 174 markets in 12 states The bal- tail sales of cigarettes to civilians .vent to ted- ance ssolddirectlyfromthefartnsorbyfarmers eral state and local government treasures :n cooperatives. the form of cigarette excises, Federal state and CROP INCOME local governments collected $6 053 853 000 n direct taxes on tobacco products in F scal Year Tobacco was the fifth largest cash crop behind 1977 98,7 percent represented taxes on c4ga- corn soybeans, wheat and cotton, The crop was rettes-some 55,976 765 000, Taxes on other I World Produetion worth more than $2.33 bdlion. representing 4 tobacco products totaled about S77 088 000, 1 Total world production of tobacco is estimated percent of the total for all cash crops. Since 1863, when cigarettes were added to the I at 11.9 billion pounds. about 2.6 percent less Govemment Tobacco Programs tobacco products taxed by the federal govern. I / than last year s record yield. FARM QUOTAS ment, governments at all levels have collected ) The Department of Agricu/ture administers laws over $125.2 bd!ion in tobacco taxes, Cigarettes Malor tobacco-producing nations were: Peo- to stabilize tobacco production and assure fair have accounted for 93.9 percent of that figure or ~ ple's Republic of China (2.148.900.000). United prices. Most tobacco fartners. through periodic over $117 5 billion. [ States(1.926.686.108),India1912.896.800).USSR referenda, have continually favored marketing FEDERAL ~ (661.200,000), Brazil (618.222.000). Turkey (492- quotas. Because of the production controls. The federal govemment s share was $2,321; ; 373.600). Japan (387.932.652). Bulgaria (330.600- less tobacco is produced at higher prices than 641,000 with cigarette taxes, at 8 cents per pack, ( 000), Republic of Korea (305.150.412). Greece would be likelywrthoutthemt accounting for 98,2 percent, or almost 52:279r ~ t247.575,320). Italy (241.778.800) and Canada (227,999,392) ,,,,,o m«r rar. ., umr w r.,.m o.e.w. sam. 246.000. About $42,395.000 in taxes were col- , --------------------------e=ae=a~-R--%- l ~~sm~~~~~~~----- 1-ted=n=the=t-b=C=oproducts_-_--____~ "Fact or Fancy?" Cont from Pg.1 and various reports have shown that from 15 to40 percent of the lung cancer cases in women occur in those who have never smoked." Duffin adds that the use of sputum smear tests for lung cancer detection has increased dramatically since 1953, Many doctors look mainly at a pa- tieni s smoking habits when diagnosing lung cancer. asserts the paper: they fail to observe possible factors such as oc- cupationalexposures. A statistician wrote in the "American Journal of Public Health": "tituch more significant than changes in women's smoking habits have been the changes in their employment." As more women enter positions formerly held by men. they expose themselves to greater oc- cupational hazards. thus resulting in increased diagnosis for Wdnklas lung cancer. Does smoking cause skin wrinkles? HEW's Women Smokers Claims Called Deceptive WASHINGTON. D.C.-The To- bacco Institute reacted immediately to chatges by a Cabinet officer that women smokers have come "a long way toward higher disease and death rates from bronchitis. emphysema. lung cancer. certain other cancers, and cardiovascu- lar disease: ' Department of Health. Education. and Welfare Secretary Joseph A. Cali- fano Jr. made the statement at an Amer- ican Medical Association conference here. He announced that HEW had sub- mitted to Congress the 1977-1978 "Health Consequences of Smoking:' a major portion of which concemed women and smoking. TI told the press: "Secretarv Califano'r war against tobacco smokers isn't going to be it•on by continued distortions and decep- tions. Today's report, given to Congress as a basis for public policy makin,¢, is a c lassic ofbias and omission tchile deftly craj'ted to support Mr. Califano's per- sonal views about tobacco. "Law requires the Secretary to report each year on new information relevant to the smoking and health controversy. To the extent that this new report corrt- pletely ignores published scientiffc crit- icism of the major studies on which it is based, including the insurmountable problems of non-response. selectivity and inadequate sampling, it is faithless and of no service at all in the public interest. 'Yt is paradoxical indeed to hear that tobacco smoking by women accounts for their problems of illness and preg- naney at a time when their longevity is highest and infant mortality rates low- est. It's cruel to tell women thev can solve these problems by putting out their tobacco cigarettes it•hen that advice is at lrest a monumental orersimplifrcation." Noting that the California study which initiated this theory was based on sub- jective observations only. Duffin cites scientific datawhich indict sun exposure as the cause of early wrinkles, not cig- arettes. "Anti-smokers. however, continue to cite what one news service reporter called 'the latest weapon in the arsenal of the anti-smoking crusade ... an ap- peal based on the presumed vanity of women.' " Duffin also counters a 1977 study of hospitalized women. ages 44 to 53, in- dicating that smoking causes early men- opause. She adds that a U. S. Public Health Service report found that meno- pause occurs earlier in Black women. women from lower income levels and leaner women. The TI official therefore presents the question. "Is it because they smoke or because of the type of persons they are? Is it the smoke or the smoker?" Heart Dlssasa "Fact or Fancy" also addresses the issue of reportedly increased heart dis- ease and stroke among women who smoke. This analysis is particularly im- portant in light of the recent study by Boston University researcher. Dr. Den- nis Slone and seven assistants. They maintain that women under 50. who smoke 35 cigarettes or more a day, greatly increase their risk of heart at- tack. But Duffin quotes Dr. Eliot Corday, former member of the National Heart Advisory Board. He stated. "No direct proof has been provided to show that cigarettes are atherogenic [and] we must question if the increased risk is really due to tobacco." Dutfin further notes that one's per- sonality type may be a factor in heart disease. Explaining that this coronary- prone person has been labeled Type Ae she states that "the Type A person is chronically in a hurry, pushing con- stantly in a drive for recognition. ad- vattcement, achievement, . . The women identified as Type A's had higher cholesterol levels and blood pressure.... They smoked more than their more easygoing Type Bsisters." Recent studies strengthen this hy- pothesis. In the "American Journal of Epidemiology," researchers concluded that "women ! aged 45 to 64 y ears 1 with coronary disease scored significantly higher on the Framingham Type A be- havior, emotional lability, aging wor- ries. tension and anger symptoms tcales ' than women free of CHD [coronary heart diseaseI: ' S.x Responding to a "favorite attention- getter of anti-smokers." Duffin ad- dresses the allegation that smoking dis- rupts sexual functions. To dispute this claim, published in a 1974 family health magazine, ihe refers to "A Critical Review of Reports on the Effect of Smoking on Sex and Fer- tility:" printed the following year in "The Journal of Sex Research." After examining 41 medical studies, the au- thors concluded that "existing evidence does not support the hypothesis that smoking or tobacco extracts have an effecton sexual activity orprocreation." In its conclusion. "Fact or Fancy" presents areas of agreement between the tobacco industry and its foes. A poignant concurrence is with the Amer- ican Cancer Society's "conviction" that "adult individuals must make up their own minds about smoking but it re- quires that individuals know the facts." The Tobacco Observer 9 TIMN 0127153 TI KU 000000812 I

4 { STATE ; State taxes on att tobacco products totaled an esttmated $3,607,791,000. Of the total over i 53.573,236.000. or 99 percent. represented c.g- 1 arette taxes and 534,555,01)D were collected i from sales of other tobacco products. / LOCAL / 364 ctry and county government tobacco taxes / came to $124,421 000. Of that amount. 5124,- ~ 283.000. or 99 9 percent. represented taxes on ' cigarettes. Local governments also collected Ii $138,000 in taxes on other tobacco products. / Manufacturing FACTORIES There are about 156 tobacco product factories with federal pennits to manufacture cigarettes and cigars. About 32 other facilities, large and small manufactu(e chewing pipe. and roll-your- own tobacco and snuff: These factories are lo- cated in 22 states. / i EMPLOYMENT Tobacco manufacturers employ about 56,400 productton workers representing hundreds of millions in payroll dollars. Some 34.700 are em- ployed by the cigarette manufacturers alone. Another 8.200 work for cigar manufacturers and some 12.000 are estimated to be employed in the stemming and redrying industry. The balance is employed by chewing. ptpe, and roll-your-own tobacco and snuff manufacturers. Distribution and Sales Clip and Save WHOLESALE There are also over 1 720 primary tobacco wholesalers and another 1 1t)D miscellaneous wholesalers distributing tobacco products, The 1977 trade estimate of the wholesale value of tobacco and related products is $11 523.246.343. Exports and Imports The United States s the leading exporter of tobacco and the third largest tobacco importer Recently about one-thtrd of the U S. tobacco crop has been exported. In 1977 U S exoorts of leaf tobacco and manufactured products totaled some $1 73 bdlton, a record high Imports came to approximately S365 million The difference represents a positive net contribution of over $1 33 billion to the U S, balance of payments in calendar year 1977. LEAF These totals include over 628 million pounds of exported unmanufactured leaf tobacco. Vatueof the leaf exported was $1.1 bdhon, compared with S920,5 million in 1976 Imports of unmanufactured leaf came to a record 339 million pounds. valued at S326 7 m 1- I on, The quantity was a 6 percent increase from the earlier record 320 million pounds in 1975. Less than half of the leaf imported, about 137,9 million pounds. was oriental and for use in domestic cigarette manufacture. Turkey con- tinued to be the mator supplier of this kind of leaf followed by Greece, Yugoslavia and Lebanon. CIGARETTES Over 66,8 billion cigarettes. 9 percent more than in 1976, and valued at $615 milhon, up 21 ^er- cent over the previous year went to aoout 161 countries, The leading importers were Belgium- Luxembourg: Hong Kong, the Netherlands An- tdles. Japan. Iran. Saudi Arabia, Spain Federal Republic of Germany, Kuwait, United Arab Emtrates. the Canary Islands, Syria. Lebanon and Panama, About 361 2 million foreign cigarettes valued at 53,1 million, were imported. OTHER PRODUCTS Cigar exports were 116 7 million untts. and were valued at about S5 55 md1 on The quantity •eo- resents a 7 percent decrease over '976 About 916 million foreign ctgars and cheroots were imported w th a value of over$23 million Exports of pipe and roll-your-own tobacco n bulk were 98 million pounds and 148 m ihon pounds in packages. Their value was S14 7 md- lion and S2.02 million respectively Exports also I included over 94 750 pounds of snuff and chew- ing tobacco worth S221 000 Imports of smoking and other manufactured ~ tobaccos came to 12 million pounds valued at I S20 million, I Tobacco and Heafth Research ~ To ensure absolute oblectivity, the tobacco in- I dustry has supported hundreds of independent I research efforts with completely nonrestrict ve I funding. These studies have resulted in more I than 2000 pprofessional papers oublished in I medical and other scientific lournals througnout I the world. i RETAIL PRODUCTS The combined commitment by the tobacco in- i The value of exported manufactured roducts dustry for these prolects is more than $74 mi1- I There are about 1,35 million retail outlets dis- thanS637million. p lion. In many years the industrys smoking/ I trtbuting tobacco products ranging from the in- was more health research funds have exceeded those o f I dividual vending machines to the tobacco de- The value of imported manufactured products any government department. They now surpass i partments of large cham-opetated stores. Re- was $46 million compared with $46.7 million in the combined grants of the malor voluntary i lated employment numbers in the millions. 1976. health organizations. 1}, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r Commentar''y' "When the airlines first started sep- arating the sheep from the goats. ask- ing. 'Smoking or nonsmoking?' for seat reservations. I honestly answered. 'Nonsmoking.' I took my seat in the best part of the plane while the un- touchables were herded to the tail. That's how I learned." "The thing. I think, that really turned me off the non-smoking section is the high ratio of evangelists. ... Among the smokers, you see, one can be at ease." "At least among the smokers I won't find myself sitting by Secretary Cali- fano. On second thought. I wouldti t find myself sitting by him anyway. He's a billion-budget expense account man. He flies first class." Frances Hallem Hurt Free-lance column Richmond Times-Dispatch 4/2/78 "Many eminent persons,committees. and commissions have unanimously concluded that lung cancer 'is almost entirely due to cigarette smoking.' I once shared that view, but having now studied the evidence in more detail and from new angles I feel unable to reach a definitive conclusion .... 'The data so far do not wartant the con- clusions based on them: " Prof. Philip R.J. Burch Dept. of Medical Physics The Universiry of Leeds, England In an address before: The Royal Statistical Societv S117/78 10 The Tobacco Observer "As a non-driver [ resent people who drive automobiles. Why should they be permitted to pollute my air? One auto- mobile driven one mile pollutes the air more than fifty smokers can in one month! Why doesn't the government protect me by banning automobiles? And aircraft? And powerboats? "But there is an even more immediate and prevalent danger. It has been proved scientifically beyond any room for doubt. It is a filthy practice that has spread disease which has killed millions in epidemics. People, when they breathe, exhale sometimes deadly germs into my air. What right have they got to en- danger me like that? "And when they inhale they use up oxygen that I might need. If we had any people in government with any guts at ~~ HOW COME TN15 CALIFANO FELLOW ONLY SEES SiMO/YE WHEN HE LOOKS AT ME?" all they would pass a law forbidding people from breathing in my atmos- phere." Andrew L. Meyer Eatontown.:VJ. Letter in Asbury Park Press 4/27178 + + « "The role of government must necessarily be limited when we ap- proach a problem that deals with private lives and private behavior." Department o}'Health. Educ•ation, and Welfare Secretary • Joseph A. Califuno Jr. Testlfi,ing on birth control BeJ'ore the Senate Human Resources Committee 6/14178 TIMN 0127154 A restaurant in Montreal thought it had a great idea-a spectal meal at bar- gain prices on Wednesday for people who refrained from smoking. But, re- ports the Montreal Gazette, it didn't work. The cafe's ow•ner said "it wasn't much of a success, frankly. We lost business," Why? He told the paper that nonsmok- ers may be healthier, but they aren't big spenders or big ttppers-and the staffof his restaurant resented it. So, after 12 disastrous weeks he abandonedtheidea,the papersatdr rhe ,btuntreal Gazette 1/18t78 "Anti-smoking forces claim that people in cigarette advertising are attractive. sexy. young, well-dressed, and healthy. What do they erpect- Quasimodo sucking on a bent water- stained roach'?" Wheelinq, W. 6 a., ,b'eu s-Ret i ster Editorial S122/78 + . . "[ should like to inject two facts into this situation: 1. In Japan, the consumption of ciga- rettes per capita is roughly twice that in the United States, yet the incidence of cancer in Japan is only one-fifth that in this country. 2. Assume a set of identical twins. one a smoker and the other a non- smoker. Statistics show that their chances of having cancer are identical." J. H, Mallory Letter in: The Long Beach rCulif.) Press-Telegram 2/3/78 TI KU 000000813