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v, •l b ~ay 10.8 VOC's (OPTIONAL) Concentrations of VOC's in the outdoor air of the restaurant/bar will be measured using the method of Heavner et a1.9 Triplicate samples should be taken at an outside location near the area of the test site during the course of the testing. An air intake location of the restaurant/bar is preferable. 11. Determination of Indoor Air Quality Dr. Michael Ogden, Mr. David Heavner, and Mr. David Taylor will be responsible for the determination of outside air quality. Mr. David Taylor will be responsible for the Bruel and Kjear (B&K) Model 1303 Multipoint Sampling System, see 11.2.4. Dr. Paul Nelson will be responsible for TEOM measurements, see 11.2.5. Indoor air quality measurements will be made in at least three sample locations for each bar site. Triplicate samples of at least 4 hrs. duration are required at each location. 11.1 Time Integrated Samples 11.1.1 RSP Concentrations of RSP will be determined by the method described by Conner et al.10 Samples will be collected for at least four hours during testing. Air pumps and impactors will be operated at the highest feasible flow rate to collect the best quantifiable sample. 11.1.2 UVPM Concentrations of UVPM will be determined by the method described by Conner et al." Samples will be collected for at least four hours during testing. 11.1.3 FPM Concentrations of FPM will be determined by the method described by Ogden et al.12 This analytical method utilizes the same sample as that collected for the determinations of RSP and UVPM described above. 9 Heavner, D. L., Ogden, M. W., and Nelson, P. R., 1992. Multisorbent Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatograph/Mass Selective Detection Method for the Determination of Target Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 26(9), 1737- 1746. 10 Conner, J. M., Oldaker, G. B., III, and Murphy, J. J., 1990. Method For Assessing The Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles in Indoor Environments, Environmental Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 189-196. " Conner, J. M., Oldaker, G. B., III, and Murphy, J. J., 1990. Method For Assessing The Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Respirable Suspended Particles in Indoor Environments, Environmental Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 189-196. 12 Ogden, M. W., K. C. Maiolo, G. B. Oldaker III, and F. W. Conrad, Jr., 1990. Evaluation of Methods for Estimating the Contribution of ETS to Respirable Suspended Particles, INDOOR AIR'90; Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on IndoorAir Quality and Climate, International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Ottawa, Canada, 415-420. 8

11.1.4 Solanesol Concentrations of solanesol will be determined by the method described by Ogden et a1.13 This analytical method utilizes the same sample as that collected for the determinations of RSP and UVPM described above. 11.1.5 Nicotine Concentrations of nicotine will be determined by the method of Ogden et a1.14 Samples will be collected for at least four hours during testing. 11.1.6 3-Ethenylpyridine (3-EP) Concentrations of 3 EP will be determined by the method described by Ogden et al.'s This analytical method utilizes the same sample as that collected for the determinations of nicotine described above. 11.1.7 VOC's (OPTIONAL) Concentrations of VOC's in the indoor air of the restaurant/bar will be measured using the method of Heavner et a1.16 Triplicate samples taken at the most central sampling location are appropriate. 11.2 Real-Time Samples 11.2.1 Carbon Monoxide Concentrations of CO will be determined with a Metrosonics aq-501air quality monitor. Two-minute determinations will be at one hour intervals in each site. The monitor will be calibrated once before its use. The "minimum detectable reading" of the monitor is ?? ppm. 11.2.2 Carbon Dioxide Concentrations of CO2 will be determined with a Metrosonics aq-5 01 air quality monitor. Two-minute determinations will be at one hour intervals in each site. The monitor will be calibrated once before its use. 13 Ogden, M. W. and K. C. Maiolo, 1989. Collection and Determination of Solanesol as a Tracer of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Indoor Air, Environmental Science & TechnoloQV 23, 1148. 14 Ogden, M. W., L. W. Eudy, D. L. Heavner, F. W. Conrad, Jr., and C. R. Green, 1989. Improved Gas Chromatographic Determination of Nicotine in Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Anal yst 114, 1005. 15 Ogden, M. W. and K. C. Maiolo, 1992 Comparative Evaluation of Diffusive and Active Sampling Systems for Determining Airborne Nicotine and 3-Ethenylpyridine, Environmental Science & Technology 26, 1226. 16 Heavner, D. L., Ogden, M. W., and Nelson, P. R., 1992. Multisorbent Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatograph/Mass Selective Detection Method for the Determination of Target Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air, Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 26(9), 1737- 1746. 9

FT~ 11.2.3 Temperature and Relative Humidity Temperature and relative humidity (RH) will be determined with a Telog R-2126 temperature and humidity recorder. 11.2.4 Briiel and Kjaer (B&K) Model 1303 Multipoint Sampling System A B&K Model 1303 multipoint sampling system in conjunction with a B&K Model 1302 infrared absorption photoacoustic detector will be used to quantify andCO, CO2, and TVOCs at up to five locations within the restaurant/bar test area. The B&K system will be calibrated according to the manufacurer's instructions. Concentrations will be recorded at least once each 5-min. period during the course of the 4-hour test period. 11.2.5 TEOM Measurement TEOM is an acronym standing for a real-time particle measuring system based upon a Tapered Element Oscillating Membrane principle. In these studies, a TEOM Series 1400 PM-10 Monitor (Rupprecht & Patashnick) insturment with a 10 µm diameter particle cut - off filter will be set up to monitor RSP mass concentrations in the central indoor air monitoring location. The RSP mass concentration will be monitored throughout the duration of the sampling period. The TEOM instrument will be operated according to the manufacturer's instructions. 11.3 Background Correction For RSP 11.3.1 Discussion An important element in determining the difference in RSP generated between tobacco- burning smoking and tobacco-heating smoking is background RSP correction, i.e., what are the RSP levels present without any smoking activity. Because of smoke compositional differences between tobacco-burning and tobacco-heating cigarettes, UVPM, FPM, and solanesol measurement do quantify difference in tobacco-burning generated RSP vs. other sources, but do not satisfactorily quantify differences in total RSP from tobacco-heating cigarettes and other sources. In terms of the current study, there are several options for determining the background RSP correction. These include the following: gravimetric determination of concurrent outside-air RSP and subtracting it from the indoor-air value; gravimetric determination of inside-air RSP during an off-study time, e.g., overnight, while no smoking is taking place, or using TEOM data from a relevant non-smoking period and subtracting it from the smoking data. Of these, option 2 seems most appropriate. 11.3.2 Procedure For Background RSP Correction The procedure for backgound RSP correction requires that TEOM measurements be made for the period one-half hour prior to the smoking period. The mean concentration of RSP determined by the TEOM during this period will be the appropriate correction factor. 10

4ZPF T 6 o D a ~I ~ 12. Determination of Smoking Activity Smoking rates will be assessed by collecting and counting cigarette butts. All butts from cigarettes smoked in the test area will be saved on an hourly basis for the duriation of the test. It is recommended that the employees of the restaurant/bar be asked to collect the butts for which they would be given a gratuity. The numbers of smoking and nonsmoking occupants will quantified by questionnaire of participants. Pipe and cigar smoking will not be allowed. 13. Determination of Occupancy of Test Space Occupants of the test space shall be counted at one hour intervals (whose responsibility is this task?). The counts should indicate patron vs. employee, smoking vs. nonsmoking area (if applicable) and other descriptions such as room (if the bar/restaurant has multiple open rooms). 14. Determination of Quantity of Outside Air Supplied to Test Spaces Mr. Hoy Bohanon and Mr. W. David Taylor are responsible for this measurement. A Bruel and Kjxr system (Bruel and Kjaer, Nxrum, Denmark) will be used for determining ventilation rates. Components of this system include a source of the tracer gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6); a continuous monitoring system, calibrated to measure SF6; and tubing running from the monitor to the sampling locations. (These sampling locations are identical to those where determinations of indicators of indoor air quality are made.) The monitor measures SF6 from each of the sampling locations sequentially. The principle of the methodology is represented by the following equation: ACH = - d(ln [SF6])/dt where: ACH is the air exchange rate for the space, h'1 (signifying air changes per hour); and d(ln [SF6])/dt is the change in the natural logarithm of the concentration of SF6 with time. Thus, in its simplest form, the equation indicates that the air exchange rate can be determined from measurements of the tracer gas at two times. The air exchange rate is then the slope of the line connecting the two points representing the natural logarithms of the respective concentrations. (The sign of the slope should be negative indicating that the concentration of SF6 decreases with time, i.e., it "decays.") The ventilation rate is computed using the value for the air exchange rate. This computation entails multiplying the air exchange rate (in units of h"1) by the measured 11

e F T~ D volume of the test space (in units of ft3) and the conversion factor, 1 h/60 min, to afford the ventilation rate (in units of ft3/min). This result is then divided by the number of occupants in the test space to give the ventilation rate (in units of ft3/min/occupant). To start the determination, the tracer gas is released at a constant rate into the return air handling system serving the spaces to be tested and the concentration of the gas is monitored in the sampling locations. When the concentration reaches a sufficiently high level to ensure that its decay can be measured and when the concentration reaches a steady-state level that is the same in all test spaces, the flow of gas is stopped. The concentration of the tracer gas is then monitored over time in the test spaces until the concentration decays sufficiently to allow computation of the air exchange rate. The determination is then ended. 15. Indoor Air Quality Questionnaire Dr. James C. Walker is responsible for this task. In order to gain information about the occupants' perception, questionnaires on indoor air quality will be administered. The questionnaires will be distributed before the test begins and collected at the end of each test. 15.1 Patron Questionnaire Patrons will be asked to complete a questionnaire when they arrive and before they leave. The questionnaire will have 5 separate questions. These are as follow: 15.1.1 Smoking Status Answer "yes" or "no,"are you a smoker? 15.1.2 Acceptability Answer "yes" or "no," is the air in this bar/restaurant acceptable to you? 15.1.3. Rating On a scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being none and 10 being the worst situation you've ever encountered, please rate the following: 12

,,p,F T~ ~ 15.1.3.1 Rating of odor 15.1.3.2 Rating of eye burn 15.1.3.3 Rating of amount of smoke in the air (haze) 15.2 Employee Questionnaire 15.2.1 Acceptability Answer "yes" or "no," is the air in this bar/restaurant acceptable to you? 15.2.2 Rating On a scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being none and 10 being the worst situation you've ever encountered, please rate the following: 15.2.2.1 Rating of odor 15.2.2.2 Rating of eye burn 15.2.2.3 Rating of amount of smoke in the air (haze) 15.3 Visitor Questionnaire (optional) 15.3.1 Acceptability Answer "yes" or "no," is the air in this bar/restaurant acceptable to you? 15.3.2 Rating 15.3.2.1 On a scale of 1 to 10 with 1 being none and 10 being the worst situation you've ever encountered, please rate the following: 15.3.2.2 Rating of odor 15.3.2.3 Rating of eye burn 15.3.2.4 Rating of amount of smoke in the air (haze) 16. SCHEDULING Dr. Charles Green and Mr. Hoy Bohanon will be responsible for scheduling. 13

4zPF T ~ ~/ 4 Test days will be selected to correspond to high occupancy in the establishment. Test days will avoid holidays and extraordinary activities so that the tobacco-burning and tobacco-heating test periods will be as similar as possible. Two consecutive days will be needed for the test. Preference is given to a Saturday-Sunday or Sunday-Monday combination. 16.1 Site Select Site selection should occur at least 2 weeks before the test. 16.2 HVAC Documentation And Ventilation HVAC documentation and ventilation should be determined 1 week before the test. 16.3 Control Of Facility The study director should have control of the facility at least 4 hours before the test starts and 4 hours during the study. No smoking should occur during the "4 hour before" period. 14