RJ Reynolds
An Overview of Anti-Smoking Organizations.
Fields
- Type
- REPORT
- Site
- External Relations
- Public Relations
- Harris Tc
- Dir
- Copied
- Rjr
- Harris, T.C.
- Jones, M.W.
- Moskowitz, S.W.
- Piscitelli, J.M.
- Maher, K.
- Klein, W.
- Osmon, H.E.
- Request
- Mangini
- Court
- Order
- 19960800
- 1rfp52
- 1rfp72
- 1rfp73
- 1rfp74
- 1rfp76
- 1rfp77
- 1rfp88
- 1rfp92
- 1rfp
- 93
- 1rfp98
- 1rfp107
- 4rfp5
- 4rfp6
- Minnesota
- 1rfp71
- Texas
- Initial
- Disclosure
- Castano
- 1rfp1
- Burton
- 2rfp16
- Referenced Document
- Legislative Approaches to A Smoke Free Society, by Americans for Nonsmokers Rights, Hanauer P, Barr G, Glantz Sa, 860000. Indoor Air News, Consumer Federation of America. Smoking Behavior and Policy, by Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Poli
- Date Loaded
- 27 Feb 1998
- Named Person
- Ti
- Coalition
- American Heart
- American Lung
- Acs
- Consumer Federation, O.F. America
- Carter Center
- Advocacy Institute
- American Council, O.N. Science & Healt
- Americans For Nonsmokers Rights
- Citizens Against Tobacco Smoke
- Ash
- Doctors Ought, T.O. Care
- Martin Himmel Health Foundation
- Ciglit
- Interfaith Center, O.N. Corp Responsib
- Tobacco Divestment Project
- Institute For The Study, O.F. Smoking
- Smoking Policy Institute
- Who
- Professional Medical Assn
- American Public Health Assn
- Hhs
- Koop, C.E.
- Myers, M.
- Cullen, J.
- Nci
- Waxman, H.
- Pertschuk, M.
- Congress
- Smoking Control Advocacy Resource, C.
- Carnegie
- Kaiser
- Kellogg
- Rockefeller
- List, O.F. Prominent Anti Tobacco Orga
- Banzhaf, J.F. III
- List, O.F. Trustees
- George Washington Univ Natl Law Cen
- Fcc
- Cohen, D.
- Blum, A.
- Harvard Univ
- Pinney, J.
- Foege, W.
- Welan, W.M.
- Dow Chemical
- American Cyanamid
- Dupont
- Union Carbide
- Uniroyal
- Ciba Geigy
- Coca Cola
- Eli Lilly
- Shell Oil
- Georgia Pacific
- Ca For Nonsmokers Rights
- Gasp
- Glantz, S.A.
- Univ, O.F. Ca
- Hanauer, P.
- Barr, G.
- Braude, M.
- Burns, D.
- Surgeon General
- Ernster, V.
- Cancer Precention & Control
- Steinfeld, J.
- Emory Univ
- List, O.F. Fellows
- Carter, J.
- Townsley, W.
- Watkins, W.W.
- Fisher, W.
- Leichtman, A.
- Natl Education Assn
- Ucla
- Greater Cincinnati Coalition, O.N. Smo
- Triag Tobacco Free Young America, P.R.
- Gadberry, G.R.
- Davis, A.
- Madigan, J.
- Wilson, K.
- Rivkin Radler
- Hafner, D.H.
- Ballin, S.
- Crane, M.
- Langager, R.
- Garrison, J.
- Dumelle, F.
- Health & Medicine Counsel, O.F. Wa
- Minority Outreach Comm
- Consumer Fedration, O.F. America
- Brobeck, S.J.
- Epa
- Fda
- Cpsc
- Advocacy Institute Smoking Control
- Richards, J. Jr
- Gouin, C.L.
- Daynard, R.
- Slade, J.
- Smith, T.H.
- Martin Himmel Helath Foundation
- Himmel, M.
- Jeffery Martin
- Dep
- Schwartz, A.
- Reynolds, P.
- Reynolds, R.J.
- Sullivan, L.
- Rosner, R.
- List, O.F. Board, O.F. Directors
- List, O.F. Affiliations
- Albers School, O.F. Business
- Seattle Univ
- Pacific Northwest Bell
- Interagency Comm, O.N. Smoking & Healt
- Gsa
- Stop Teenage Addiction, T.O. Tobacco
- Tye, J.B.
- Krevor, B.
- Everett, E.
- Cuny
- Tobacco Products Liability Project
- Northeastern Univ School, O.F. Law
- Charney, M.
- Tri, A.G. Tobacco Free Young America, P.
- New England Medical Center
- Ma Gasp
- Hutt, P.
- Davis, R.
- Mahler, H.
- American Academy, O.F. Family Physicia
- American Nurses Assn
- American Medical Womens Assn
- Stark, P.
- Todd, J.
- List, O.F. Dc Key Staff
- List, O.F. Dc Consultants
- Keefe, R.J.
- Ampac
- Lauer, P.
- Sammons, J.
- Mcgrath, E.
- England, M.J.
- Graham, R.
- Sweeney, R.
- Fleischmann
- Ryan, J.A.
- Hope, G.S.
- Health Policy Alternatives
- Ogilvy Mather
- Nurses Coalition For Action, I.N. Poli
- Mcbeath, W.H.
- Centers For Disease Control
- Walker, B. Jr
- Off, O.N. Smoking & Health
- Terry, L.
- Novello, A.C.
- Davis, R.M.
- Shopland, D.
- Nih
- Cancer Prevention & Control
- Greenwald, P.
- Culen, J.W.
- Sondik, E.
- Warner, K.
- Faa
- Nhlb
- Samet, J.
- Congressional Task Force, O.N. Tobacco
- Rogers, H.
- Hrycaj, C.
- Foundation Center
- North Bay Health Resources Center
- Rockefeller Family Fund
- American Nonsmokers Rights Foundati
- Gerbode Foundation
- List, O.F. Anti Tobacco Funding Founda
- Bc Gamble
- Gerbode, W.A.
- Grant, W.T.
- Kellogg, K.W.
- Macarthur, J.D.
- Macarthur, C.T.
- Mcbeath, F.
- Mott, R.
- Sloan, A.P.
- Cabot Family Charitable Trust
- List, O.F. Anti Tobacco Recipients
- Sloan Foundation
- Educational Foundation, O.F. America
- Grant Foundation
- Kaiser Family Foundation
- Gannett Foundation
- Metropolitan Life Foundation
- Blandin Foundation
- First Bank System Foundation
- Macarthur Foundation
- Mcbeath Foundation
- Mott Fund
- Minneapolis Foundation
- Pittsburgh Foundation
- Gamble Foundation
- General Mills Foundation
- Natl Council, O.N. Alcoholism
- Seessel, T.V.
- Brookings Institution
- Schelling, T.C.
- Weinberg, V.
- Pw Skogmo Foundation
- A Smoke Free Generation
- Wqed Metorpolitan Pittsburgh Public
- Smoke Free Generation Minnesota, M.N.
- Bok, D.C.
- A Non Smoking Generation, U.S.
- General Mills
- Brown, H.G.
- Pender, J.E.
- Film Arts Foundation
- Hamrick, L.
- Orr, G.W.
- Everett, H.
- Kennedy School, O.F. Govt
- Kellogg Foundation
- Author
- Osmon, H.E.
- Box
- Rjr1202
- Brand
- Dakota
- Premier
- UCSF Legacy ID
- wmt14d00
Document Images
, ~ti°1~~
Tobacco Company
HERBERT E. OSMON
Staff Vice President
Public Policy
Winston-Salem, N.C. 27102
919-741-0619
October 26, 1990
TO: VMr. T. C. Harris
Mr.
Mr.
Mr. M.
S.
J. W.
W.
M. Jones
Moskowitz
Piscitelli
Mr. K. Maher (Walt Klein)
Attached is the updated "Overview of Anti-Smoking Organizations"
_
I referenced in Thursday's meeting-
Osmon
HEO/bjs
Attachment
"We work for smokers."
PREFACE
This summary of the anti-smoking community is a compilation of
materials produced earlier and separately by The Tobacco Institute
and others, with considerable updating and editorial revision.
H. E. Osmon
October 26, 1990
THE ANTI-SMOKING MOVEMENT
Oraanizations
There are numerous organizations involved in the anti-smoking
movement, and they fall into three broad categories:
Private Organizations
Professional Medical Associations
Government Organizations
The Private Organizations group are those organizations which
seek memberships and solicit contributions as a source of
funding. While some of these claim to have other agendas in
addition to anti-smoking, most of them devote their energies to
the anti-smoking movement. There are 19 of these organizations
listed, with some differences in focus and level of expertise.
One category comprises organizations which attack smoking on a
broad front and which tend to be well-organized, well-funded,
and professionally managed. Included are such groups as the
Coalition on Smoking OR Health and the organizations which
support it (AHA, ALA, ACS), the Consumer Federation of America,
the Carter Center, The Advocacy Institute, and the American
Council on Science and Health. This last group is funded largely
by chemical companies, and it tends to try to divert attention
from chemical issues by attacking cigarettes.
+ Nonsmokers' rights is the claimed primary objective of Americans
for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR), Citizens Against Tobacco Smoke,
and Group Against Smokers' Pollution (GASP). In addition, these
organizations, together with Action on Smoking and Health (ASH)
and Doctors Ought to Care (DOC), could be considered the "grass
roots agitators" group.
The focus of Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco (STAT) is obvious.
The Martin Himmel Health Foundation is both new and unique, since
it limits its activities entirely to radio commercials.
CIGLIT and the Tobacco Products Liability Project concentrate on
litigation.
The Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility and the Tobacco
Divestment Project are working to get investors to divest
themselves of tobacco company stocks.
The Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy and
the Smoking Policy Institute are not pure activist groups, as
they are more interested in public policy and education. The
World Health Organization, a multifaceted organization with
groups interested in all the above areas, has an international
focus and does not participate in the U.S. market.
0
-2 -
The second category, Professional Medical Associations, consists
of the AMA, the American Public Health Association, and other
similar groups. They have a broad spectrum of interests of which
anti-smoking is only one.
The third group consists of key Government Organizations which
focus on anti-smoking, particularly the various parts of HHS.
Important individuals in the anti-smoking movement include
symbolic leader Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, John Banzhaf
(ASH), Matt Myers (Coalition on Smoking OR Health), Joseph Cullen
(director of NCI's Smoking, Tobacco and Cancer program),
Congressman Henry Waxman, Michael Pertschuk (Advocacy Institute),
and Joe Tye (STAT). In some cases individuals (e.g., Banzhaf)
are more important and more prominent than their organizations.
Coordination/Interrelationships
Many of the organizations, and their leaders, have relationships
at both the professional and personal levels. There appears
to be a "core" group of antis who attend the same conferences,
sit on the same advisory boards, and serve in "interlocking
directorships" for the various organizations. A network has
developed for those individuals who know what they're doing to
unite and communicate with each other. They have attempted to
maximize their similarities by developing standards for training,
"educational" materials and objectives.
Many well-known antis control government purse-strings for
research funding as members of scientific advisory boards. At
the same time, their institutions often receive large research
grants and can be counted on to provide private-sector support
for government programs before Congress. For example, millions
of dollars in research grants flow from NCI to anti-smoking
organizations and individuals. These groups often lobby on
NCI's behalf and endorse its work during reauthorization and
appropriations battles. This control over research,grants makes
it very risky for a scientist to make himself known as someone
who does not agree with the "party line" on one or another
smoking issue.
Intercommunication has been enhanced by the efforts of The
Advocacy Institute, which has created the Smoking Control
Advocacy Resource Center (SCARC). Advocacy Institute Director
Michael Pertschuk has identified some key problems of the
anti-smoking movement and developed some strategies to correct
them. While SCARC is not designed to do the antis' legwork,
it is set up to make front-line advocates more effective, to
coordinate their efforts, to keep them better informed, and to
do their strategic thinking and planning. SCARC has recently
developed an on-line capability which any activist group can
access by paying a nominal annual fee ($100) and getting an
access code.
-3-
Funding
Some money comes from government institutions at the federal,
state and local levels in the form of appropriations and
research grants. Federal funds in particular have indirectly
turned universities and other institutions into anti-smoking
propagandists through publication of studies and news releases.
Many anti-smoking organizations actively solicit funds.
Several foundations, including Carnegie, Kaiser, Kellogg, and
Rockefeller, provide grants to the antis. Some of the major
groups in the movement exist on tax-deductible contributions
from small donors.
Despite these varied sources of income, not all anti-smoking
organizations are well-financed. Some, such as the ACS and AMA,
have considerable means; others operate on minimum budgets. The
dollars spent on anti-smoking activities by the larger groups is
closely guarded information and virtually impossible to determine
with precision. Similarly, the balance sheets of smaller groups
are not generally available for public scrutiny.
0
~ ORGANIZATIONS
50774 6165
I
PROMINENT ANTI-TOBACCO ORGANIZATIONS
is
A. Private Organizations
1. Action on Smoking and Health (ASH)
2. The Advocacy Institute (AI)
3. American Council on Science and Health (ACSH)
4. Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights (ANR)
5. Carter Center
6. CIGLIT
7. Citizens Against Tobacco Smoke (CATS)
8. Coalition on Smoking OR Health
American Cancer Society (ACS)
American Heart Association (AHA)
American Lung Association (ALA)
9. Consumer Federation of America (CFA)
10. Doctors Ought to Care (DOC)
11. Group Against Smokers' Pollution (GASP)
12. Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy
13. Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR)
14. Martin Himmel Health Foundation
15. Smoking Policy Institute
16. Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco (STAT)
17. Tobacco Divestment Project
18. Tobacco Products Liability Project (TPLP)
19. World Health Organization (WHO)
B. Professional Medical Associations
1. American Medical Association (AMA)
2. American Medical Women's Association (AMWA)
3. American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
4. American Nurses Association (ANA)
5. American Public Health Association (APHA)
C. Government Organizations
1. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
2. Congressional Task Force on Tobacco and Health
~
rn
rn
A. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS
Ln
m
J
~
~
F-~
~
J
1. ACTION ON SMOKING AND HEALTH (ASH)
Founded: 1967
Executive Director: John F. Banzhaf, III
Trustees: Oscar Austad
Charles F. Tate
Betty Carnes
Martin Jacobs
Prince Joli Kansil.
Alfreda Winnings
Staff: 3-4
Budget: $600,000
ASH is a public interest organization sponsored by doctors,
scientists, lawyers, educators, commentators, and celebrities.
The purpose of ASH is "to take effective national action to
protect the rights of 'the nonsmoking majority' against.problems
caused'by smoking." In a public sense, however, ASH is John
Banzhaf.
Banzhaf, a professor at George Washington University's National
Law Center, teaches legal activism through creative use of.the
law. ASH's entire history is an example of this teaching.
Banzhaf filed a complaint under the "fairness doctrine" which
resulted in the FCC ruling that broadcasters were required to
provide "a significant amount of time" for anti-smoking messages.
He also deserves substantial "credit" for the 1973 CAB rule
mandating separate smoking and nonsmoking sections on commercial
airlines.
The media often turns to Banzhaf because of his colorful and
aggressive arguments and strong on-camera personality. Once
during a debate on public smoking, Banzhaf threw water on his
aged opponent. For a time, the media lost interest in him after
that action, but more recently he has again become a media
favorite.
ASH was also a primary force in establishing the Tobacco Products
Liability Project.
0
2. THE ADVOCACY INSTITUTE
Founded: 1984
Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
Director: Michael Pertschuk
President: David Cohen
Staff: Uncertain but probably less than 15
Budget: FY 1990 - $750,000
The Advocacy Institute (AI) was established to be a "nonprofit
center for the study, analysis and teaching of advocacy
strategies and skills for use by nonprofit and citizen groups to
effect public policy change." It serves "at the invitation of
foundations and citizen groups as an intermediary in convening,
counseling and administering the process of strategic planning to
achieve a variety of social goals." Its primary focus, however,
is anti-smoking.
AI proclaims that "within the last three years virtually every
significant organization involved in smoking control activities
has sought guidance and strategic counseling" from AI, including
the International Union Against Cancer, National Cancer
Institute, American Cancer Society, American Lung Association,
American Heart Association, and Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights.
Consequently, AI has developed its "interactive, smoking control
leadership network" and "expanded and institutionalized its
smoking control support services."
Using seed money from the Kaiser Family Foundation, AI is
packaging its network and services into a Smoking Control
Advocacy Resource Center (SCARC).
SCARC is designed to make front-line advocates more effective,
to coordinate their efforts, to keep them better informed, and
to do their strategic thinking and planning. SCARC appears to
be a serious effort at coordinating the antis and a potentially
powerful boost to the movement.
As an example, the Institute has recently (1990) created an
on-line networking system called SCARCNet which anti-smoking
organizations can access for a nominal fee. Its purpose is to
rapidly spread information and coordinate anti-smoking activities
of the anti-smoking community.
The roster of the SCARC advisory group illustrates the cross-
fertilization of the anti-smoking movement. Activists like Alan
Blum, M.D. (DOC), and Stanton Glantz (Americans for Nonsmokers'
Rights), as well as academics like Harvard's John Pinney and the
Carter Center's William Foege, have agreed to commit some of
their energy to the SCARC. Meanwhile, Pertschuk believes he has
identified the principal problems of the anti-smoking movement
(communication and coordination) and developed some basic
strategies to correct them.
