RJ Reynolds
Journal of the American Medical Association Carried Paper by Dr. Ernest Wynder and Dr. Evarts Graham, Which Concluded, on the Basis of Statistics on the Smoking Habits of 605 Lung Cancer Patients, That "Excessive and Prolonged Use of Tobacco, Especially Cigarettes, Seems to Be An Important Factor in the Induction of Bronchogenic Carcinoma."
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- Biochem Biobehavioral-Sci Issues
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- Referenced Document
- Cancer by the Carton, by Norr R, Reader's Digest, 521200.
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- Initial
- Rogers
- Named Person
- Wynder, E.
- Graham, E.
- Ochsner, A.
- Wynder
- Graham
- Doll, R.
- Hill, A.B.
- Hammond, C.E.
- Horn, D.
- Ama
- Dixon, P.R.
- Kintner, E.W.
- Burney, L.E.
- Phs
- Tirc
- Little, C.C.
- Hartnett, T.V.
- Blatnik
- British Medical Assn
- Auerbach, O.
- United Press
- Friedman
- Roseman
- British Empire
- Eysenck, M.J.
- American Heart Assn
- Natl Tuberculosis Assn
- American Public Health Assn
- Univ, O.F. Southern, C.A.
- Wisely
- Intl Statistical Institute
- Royal College, O.F. Physcians
- American Assn For Cancer Research
- Trentin
- Baylor Univ
- Usphs
- Kissen
- Kennedy
- Terry
- Hueper, W.C.
- Us Public Health Service
- Wilens
- Plair
- Ny Veterans Administration Hospital
- Lombard, H.L.
- Natl Academy, O.F. Science
- Passey, R.D.
- Royal Marsden Hospital
- Seltzer, C.
- Harvard Univ
- Herrold
- Dunham
- House, O.F. Delegates
- Allen, G.V.
- Surgeon General
- Sgac
- List, O.F. Organizations
- Perrone, J.A.
- Mercy Hospital
- Russek, H.
- Meyner, R.B.
- Poche
- Dixon
- Terry, L.
- Us Congress
- Natl Interagency Council
- List, O.F. Health & Education Organ
- Nic
- Univ, O.F. Md
- Foote, E.
- Diehl, H.S.
- Guthrie, E.H.
- President'S Comm, O.N. Heart Disease
- Vanderwall
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- Graham, E.
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Document Images
JULY 12, 1957
U.S. Surgeon General Leroy E. Burney issued stater.!ent saying
that "the Public Health Service feels the weifht of the
evidence is increasingly pointing in one direction: that
excessive snoking is one of the causative factors in lung
cancer."
Burney reported that a study Eroup-r:ade up of PHS units and
two voluntary health orgenizations, after appraisinĀ£ 18
independent studies reported "that lunr, cancer occurs nuch
more frequentl;;, among ciEarette smokers than among non-srr.okers
and there is a direct relationship between the incidence of
lung cancer and the amount sr:oked." IIe added that the
Harmond-I[orn study, reported earlier (June 5, 1957) to the
American 1?edical Association, "reinforced" the study group's
finding.
"In the light of these studies, it is clear that there is an
increasing and consistent body of evidence that excessive
cigarette snoking is one of the causative factors in lung
cancer," Burney said.
The statement also sr.id that the study group felt "there is
no convincing biological or clinical evidence to date to indicate
that smoking per se is one of the causative factors in heart
disease." PHS took the position that more research is needed
before it could take a position on the matter.
v~no r~.
TIRC officials were quick in answering. Dr. Clarence C. Little,
then chairnan of the TIP.C's Scientific Advisory Cormittee, pointed
out that three years of research by his corunittee "has produced
no evidence that cigarette snoking or other tobacco use contributes
to the oriein of lung cancer." Dr. Timothy V. Hartnett, chairman
of TIPC, cited five independent research studies that tended to
refute the cigarette-causation theory. Wide press coverage was
given to the TIRC comments.
JULY 1 8-22 , 1957
Subcommittee on Legal and i:onetary Affairs of the House Comnittee
on Government (the "Blatnik Committee") held hearinSs on filter-tip
cigarette advertising.
(The report of the Blatnik Committee was issued by the parent
committee on February 19, 1958. It charged that cigarette
manufacturers had deceived the public with false and deceptive
advertising of filter-tips, and that the Federal Trade Commission
had "failed in its statutory duty to prevent deceptive acts or
practices" in filter-ciearette advertising. Anong the scathing
charges: "The Federal Trade Commission has failed to approach
the problems of false and misleading advertising with vigor and
diligence.")
JANUARY 27, 1958
The British I+edical Association, in a pamphlet issued with its
publication, Far.,iltiĀ Doctor, said "Cirarette smoking is indeed
a major cause of lung cancer." The pamphlet Cave figures that
one in eight life-long heavy cigarette smokers will die of lung
cancer, but only about one in 300 non-smokers will.
The panphlet cited a study b;,r Dr. Oscar Auerbach which concluded
that "the degree of damaEe to the lungs (examined by autopsy)
...corresponded closel;,~ the number of ciearettes smoked daily."
United Press carried coverage which began: "The British Medical
Association said today cigarettes are a major cause of lung
cancer."
!'J1RClI 21, 1959
Friedman and Rosenman study suggests that "excessive smoking
may be a characteristic" of a behavior pattern but not a causal
agent in heart disease. Findings published in Journal of the
Ar:ericnr. !'edicnl A=sociation.
1959
The British rnpire Cancer CrunpeiCn Report says that five years
of snoke inhalation by anir.:als failed to produce lunC cancer.
FEBRU/1RY 5, 1960
Federal Trade Conxiission announced that the tobacco industrY
has agreed to end advertising claims thnt certain cigarettes
effectivel;~ filter tars and nicotine.
FTC chairnan Earl W. Kintner praised the industry, sayine the
agreement is a"landMark example of industry-Covernment co-
operation in solvinE a pressing problem."
Part of the agreement signed by each company stated that the
companies vill "avoid using cigarette advertising containing
references, direct or implied, to health benefits to be
derived from the use of cigarettes..."
tdAY 111, 1960
In article in British 1'edicnl Journal, noted psycholocist
H.J. Eysenck Pnd his associates reported that snokers and
non-smokers differ in nany ways, and the kinds of people who
sinoke nay be more susceptible to sone diseases.
OCTOBER 1960
At annual r.~,eeting, Arerican Cancer Society approved resolution
(fron its Tobacco-Cancer Corunittee) calling for a Presidential
Cor.unission to study tobacco and health question. Resolution
called for request to reach the White House by April 1, 1961.
ACS to seek cooperation of other agencics in this move.
(ACS was successful in getting cooperation: ACS was joined
in letter to President by American Heart Association, National
Tuberculosis Association, and American Public Health Association.)
I
MARCH, 19G1
Proceedinrs of Arerican /lssocintion for Cancer Research carries
paper by University of Southern California scientists, who report
they have induced hur.!an-type lung cancer in anirjals by using viruses
and artificial sr.iog. (Wisely, et al)
