Tobacco Documents Online

Biennial Report JULY 1, 1955-JUNE 30, 1957 SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH Restarcle Uait of MEMORIAL CENTER FOR CANCER AND ALLIED DISEASES Division of CORNELL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE 410 EAST 68TH STREET, N EW YORK 21, N. Y.

I- Dol/hlY-I eYlni rrrOrl/InQ frYctr IrIlOtOmrtYr,f, rrrclJr and I/rIIrlllr Intlrnmrnts, nrr nsrll in Onr o/ the mnnr slrfx in the i./rnlifrrn- timi of rnd-froduds of the atrroiAlmrmnnrx froAacrd in the lody~. Al.normalitira in the prnduclion of strrnid hornionrs nrr l.rlirrrd Jinl•rd to the Arrrlopmrnt of cnncrr, as well a.s otbrr arrians disorders. - EBEO LLEOS WIWOWV~' ~

I Contents Officers and Trustees ............................................................................ 5 Board Committees, Scientific Consultants, and Administrative Staff .................................................................... 6 Introduction .......................................................................................... 7 Report of the Administrator .............................................................. 13 Report of the Director Summary ...................................................................................... 15 Scientific Report .......................................................................... 17 Educational Report .................................................................... 69 Balance Sheet ........................................................................................ 73 Source and Application of Funds .................................................... 74 Conclusion .....................................................:...................................... 75 Professional Staff ................................................................................ 76 Supporting Staff .................................................................................. 78 Staff Publications .....:.......................................................................... 80 3

SlonrrA-ettering Institute for Canur Researrh, opened in 1995, stands as a yart o) a morlnn snediral center, A1enr- oria! Center for Canter and Allied Diseases. In 19.50, the role of tearhing u'as added to re"eareh, evith the estab- lisiuneat of the Sloa i-A'ettering Division of Cornell Uniuersit} Medical College. The activities of the Institute are eloselJ' Jnter4('oT'en U'Ith the hoSrltal anu ont0atlent ser4'lfes of the Center. niher nn/ts of the Cente!' inelu/le Alennorial llospital, James F.ioing Jlospital of the Cit) of Neu York, and Sbang Canrer I'rerention Clinic.

S1.,OAN-I:f+:7 1'ERING FOR CANCER RESEARCH ALFRED P. SL0.4N, JR. Chairman of the Board FRANK A. HOWARD President EDWARD C. DELAFIELD Secretary OFFICERS ELL\IORE C. PATTERSON Treasurer HARRISON V. SMITH Assistant Treasurer H. LAWRENCE HESS Assistant Secretary BOARD RoGER ADAMS, Ph.I). Research Professor, University of Illinois, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ALBERT BRADLEY Chairman of the Board, General t11 otors Corporation DETLEV W. BRONK, Ph.I). President, Rockefeller Institute for .lledical Research REGINALDG.COOnIBE Senior 1'ice President, The Hanorer Bank EDWARD C. DELAFIELD Senior Partner, Delafreld and Delafield JOSEPH C. HINSEY, Ph.D. Director, The Neu York Hospital- Cornell .1lydical Center FRANK A. HOWARD Research Consultant, Standard Oil Company (N.J.) CHARLES F. KETTERING Research Consultant, Grneral Jlofors Corporation EUGENE W. KETTERING Assistant Chief Engineer, Electro-JI otioe Division, General,llotors Corporation DEANE W. NIALOTT P/esfdenf, Cornell Uniivrsity OF TRUSTEES W. ALBERT NOYES, JR., Ph.D. Chairman, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester ELL1fORE C. PATTERSON Yice President, J. P..llorgan & Cornpany'.Inc. JOHN L. PRATT Engineer and Philanthropist C. P. RHOADS, M.D. Director, Sloan-Kettering Institute Scientific Director. Alemorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases LAURANCE S. ROCKEFELLER Rockefeller Brothers, Inc. ALFRED P. SLOAN, JR. Honorary Chairman of the Board, GeneralAlotors Corporation LEWIS L. STRAUSS Chairnean, U. S. Btonrie Energy Commission ROBERT E. STRAWBRIDGE, JR. Director, Strau-bridge & Clothier WARREN LVEAVER, Ph.D. T'ice President for fhe Natural and .1ledicol Sciences, Rockefeller Foundation GEORGE WHITNEY Director J. P- dlorgan & Couepanj.Ine. THEODORE P. WRIGHT, D.Sc. 1 irc President for Research, Cornell University EXECUTIVE CO\IdiI'i"I'EE , FRANK A. HOWARD Chairman REGINALD G. COO.IBE C. P. RHOADS, M.D. EDWARD C. DELAF/ELD LAURANCE S. ROCKEFELLER ELL\IORE C. PATTERSON ALFRED P. SLOAN, JR. JOHNL. PRATT WARREN WEAVER, Ph.D. GEORGE WHITNEY

CO\lAtITTEE ON SCIEN'1'1F1C 1'OLICY WARREN WEAVER, Ph.I). Chairmmn RIIGER AD.4MS, Ph.I). C11.4RLES F. KETTERING JOSEPH C. HINSEY, Ph.D. W. ALBERT NOYES, JR., Ph.I). FRANK A. HOWARD C. P. RHOADS, M.D. 1NVESTMEhT COXIAiITTEE ALFRED P. SLOAN, JR. Chairman ELLMORE C. PATTERSON LAVRANCE S. ROCKEFELLER SCIENTIFIC WARREN H. COLE, M.D. Head, Department of Surgtry, Univrrsity of Illinois College of 9ledicinr ARTHUR CLAY COPE, Ph.D. Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Alassachusetts Institute of Technology LAWRENCE R. HAFSTAD, Ph.D. Vice President, Research Staff, General tllotors Corporation JOHN R. HELLER, M.D. Director, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health, Education and Welfare - HOWARD ALBERT TANNER, Ph.D., ex officio Director of Research, Charles F. Kettering Foundation CONSULTANTS PEYTON Rous, M.D. Alember Emeritus, Rockefeller lnstitute for aledical Research RICHARD E. SHOPE, M.D. .1lember, Rockefeller Institute for .1ledical Research J. WALTER WILSON, Ph.D. Chairman, Department of Biology, Brown University JOHN E. DEITRICK, :II.D., ex officio Dean, Cornell University Medical College HOWARD EARL SKIPPER, Ph.D., ex officio Assistant Director, Southern Research Institute DIRECTOR C. P. RHoADs, M.D. ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR HENRY T. RANDALL, M.D. DEPUTY DIRECTOR A. R. T. DENUES, Ph.D. ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR C. CHESTERSTOCI:, Ph.D. BERNHARD L. MECKE Administrator HENRY E. MELENEY, JR. Assistant Administrator H. W. RIENOw Personnel Officer dt o1 Octobtr 1, 1957 BERNARD J. PALUMBO Fiscal O fjirtr HARRIET C. HUGHES dssistant ddministrator l;ENJA]IIN W. ERICKSON Assistant Personnel Officer

V b .0 S1.UAN-AETTERING 1RSTITVTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH Introduction When the Sloan-Kettering Institute was founded in 1945, it had a clear and simply defined objective, the better control of cancer in man. lt was felt by the founders - and the events of the last decade have proved them right- that the time had come, the total scientific pictu re was adequately clear, for a major attack on the cancer problem. Furthermore, many realized that the public was demanding, and justi- fiably so, that there be exerted a vigorous and orderly scientific effort to stem the growing threat of this most dreaded disease. The real life and spirit of the Institute resides in the basic con- cepts on which it was established, the vision that brought it into being, and, most of all, the devoted and skilled creative effort of its scientists. To make the intangibles functional, however, required a 14-story laboratory building, completed in 1948. Progress required expansion in 1952 by the addition of the Andre and Bella Meyer Physiology Laboratory and Kress Betatron Unit. Prior to the establishment of the Institute, the research of Mem- orial Center, then Memorial Hospital, was conducted in a few crowded rooms on a back corridor of the original structure. Two of these were devoted to what was then considered a curious and imprac- tical project, the search for chemicals against cancer. By the time the Institute opened its doors, it was clear to those associated with it that this search must be a major effort, as offering the most direct approach to our goal of cancer control. At that time, however, only a rare indi- vidual shared our point of view and cancer chemotherapy was the choice of few investigators. Despite skepticism in many quarters, however, the program grew rapidly. The idea of chemicals for cancer control took heart from the mounting triumph of chemicals in the cure of infectious disease. In our laboratories and others, the effectiveness of certain compounds against some types of animal cancer was clearly demonstrated - the concept that cancer cells could be destroyed with- out fatal injury to the host cells became credible. Chemical 'agents exerting some useful though transient effects against cancer in man began to capture public and scientific attention. Though their benefits were weak and brief, some did relieve suffering, some prolonged life, and all offered strong evidence that more effective measures were a reasonable possibility. 6 f r- A ITG i 3:, . E 4.1 E~:i~1:1s--~

8 SLOAIK-i:ET7ERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH Today cancer chemotherapy has become a major activity of medi- cal research laboratories throughout the country, a principal interest of the philanthropic agencies supporting cancer research and of the Federal Government. Similarly, pressures from the developments of our own program, and by the public and the agencies that support our work, force an expansion of our own efforts in this field. As a result of this need for an accelerated program - and the fact that present space limitations are preventing normal expansion of research efforts -Sloan-Kettering is now entering a period in which it again faces the need for structure. Two temporary steps toward meeting our need for physical ex- pansion have been made. One has been the lease and occupancy of the Polak Laboratory, in Brooklyn. This now houses the activities relating to the culture of molds yielding antibiotics for anti-cancer tests, the large scale growth of human cancers in laboratory animals, and the study of cancer which has become resistant to chemical con- trol, all important facets of the experimental chemotherapy program. In addition, a four-story brownstone on East 65th Street has been con- verted into laboratories for furthering research toward removal of carcinogens from tobacco tar. Space has been purchased at Woodside in Queens, for an animal depot, to provide ideal holding accommo- dations for laboratory animals. Two major and permanent steps are now under consideration. The Institute has made a search for a suburban site for the expansion of our chemotherapy program. At this time, there seems to be a good possibility that a suitable location for a new laboratory has been found in nearby Westchester County. Also, the Health Service Facilities of the National Institutes of Health have already made available funds for half the cost of new research laboratory space in a proposed new building of Memorial Center on the north side of 68th Street, facing the present buildings. It is the belief of the trustees that construction of these new facilities will be rapidly justified by the increase in yield of the research efTort- a yield that can be measured only in terms of human lives. Clinical Research by the Sloan•Kettering Institute Another major area in the txpanding chemotherapy program, as well as in the total activities of the Institute, is the work with patients. From its inception and throughout the development of the pro- gram, the Sloan-Kettering Institute research has extended from labo- ratory bench to bedside. Treatment of patients (clinical investigation)

9 SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITVTE !OR CANCRR RESEARCH is the crucial area in which the results of laboratory science are brought to final test; it is the front line of the research effort, the final trial by which a new procedure becomes established or discarded. The clinical cancer chemotherapy investigation is pursued by the research physicians of the Sloan-Kettering Institute functioning also as members of the medical staffs of the two associated hospitals. Most of this work is in the special research facilities provided by the James Ewing Hospital of the City of New York. The research wards serve as testing and training centers, perform pioneer work in developing better methods of treatment by studies in man, and train medical specialists to carry forward cancer chemotherapy in other institutions. The Institute's units in the Ewing Hospital were the first such full-scale facilities recognized for study and training in this field, and continue to represent outstanding examples. The extensive facilities for clinical investigation required for this work represent a major financial obligation, properly met, in sub- stantial part, by research funds. The Sloan-Kettering Institute invests annually a total of $619,000 directly in the work with patients. This includes (1) $102,000 for special research nursing in the James Ewing Hospital, where 60 research beds are available; (2) $36,000 toward hospitalization costs of patients in the James Ewing Hospital receiv- ing research therapy; (3) $56,000 toward the cost of ward care in the Memorial Hospital of suitable indigent research patients; (4) $30,000 toward such care in the research outpatient clinics of Memorial Hos- pital; and (S) $395,000 in salaries to the 48 physicians of the Sloan- Kettering Institute research staff who work on the staffs of the Mem- orial and James Ewing Hospitals. Organizational Changes Board of Trustees The Board of Trustees, which now has 21 members, guides the policies of the Institute, administers its finances, and aids and advises in its program. During the past biennium, Mr. Robert E. Straw- bridge, Jr., a long-time friend, joined the Board, replacing Mr. Raymond P. Sloan. Mr. Ellmore C. Patterson and Drs. C. P. Rhoads and Warren Weaver ioined the Executive Committee during the period under report. Mr. Lewis L. Strauss (Chairman of the Atomic Energy Com- mission) resigned from the Executive Committee, although he re- mains a member of the Board.

10 SLOAN-KETTERINGINSTITVTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH Scientific Consultants Five new Scientific Consultants have been appointed. The Con- sultants, who represent an impartial cross-section of the nation's lead- ing scientists, meet quarterly with the Director, the Division Chiefs, and the investigators to review the programs and to recommend policy. New Members of the Board of Scientific Consultants are Drs. Peyton Rous and Richard Shope, of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research; J. Walter Wilson of Brown University; Warren H. Cole of the University of Illinois College of Medicine; Lawrence R. Hafstad of the General Motors Corporation; and John E. Deitrick, the newly appointed Dean of Cornell University Medical College. We record with sorrow the death on March 4, 1957 of Dr. Evarts A. Graham who served with marked distinction as a Scientific Con- sultant of the Institute. Dr. Graham contributed greatly to the cure of cancer through his leadership in surgery, teaching, and research and gave unstintingly of his time and counsel to our research program. Sta$ To meet the increasing administrative pressures brought about by expansion and acceleration of the program, changes have been made in the executive staff of the Institute. Drs. H. T. Randall and C. C. Stock have been appointed Associate Directors, and Dr. A. R. T. Denues has become Deputy Director of the Institute. Dr. Randall will assume responsibility for certain aspects of the Institute's pro- gram which bear on the special aspects of the work with patients. Dr. Stock's appointment is in recognition of the growing administra- tive problem associated with the growth of the chemotherapy research program. A new research division has been created, the Division of Metab- olism and Enzyme Studies, with Dr. Oscar Bodansky as its Chief. This has come about in recognition both of Dr. Bodansky's great personal contributions in the field of biochemistry and of the growing importance and productivity of this phase of the program. There are now twelve major research divisions of the Institute.