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BRITISH AMER! CAN
TOBACCO
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BATCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999
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B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGOR.Y I: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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BATCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999
COPY NO.~
IMPERIAL TOBACCO ~TD.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DTVTSTON
MONTREAL
RESTRICTED
PROGRESS RE?ORT
JANUARY 1994 - JUNE 1994
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGOR.Y I: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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WORK A. -'-LEA 02
EXPLORATORY PRODUCT RESEARCH
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY h MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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RECORD TYPE :
SUB TYPE:
SECURITY CODE:
FUNDING BODY :
ORGAN I ZAT I ON:
GROUP NUMBER:
LOCAL PROJECT NUMBER(S):
PROJECT TITLE:
PERSON RESPONSIBLE:
EFFORT:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION :
SCOPE:
DEPTH."
FUNCTION:
OBJECTIVE :
~USTER:
DATE, REVI-~W WRITTEN:
REVIEW TITLE:
REVIEW TZ.XT:
$TL CANADA
578
T-6431;T-771!-2;T-6542;T-7344;T-6968;T-~549
Day
PORTER, A.
5.7 = 1994
This projecu £nvolves ~he development of a
uohacco combusuion cigarette 0£ convennional
appearance bur which produces smoke with low
speclfic mu~agenicity and low concentraulons of
PAH, phenols, vapour phase aldehydes, HC~ and
CO. This p=oduc~ will be designed uo provide
accep=able uasue and nicotine, while producing
:educed levels of sideeuream smoke oompued
wi:~ convenuional products. The principal
su:auegy foe achieving reduo~io8 of ~he
pa:~iculauo s~oke noxae is by ~obacco
modification using solvent exuraction (T-6431),
enzyme/microblal ~rea~men= (T-7711-2), and
reccns~i~u~ion (T-6S42). Emphasis will also be
placed on re~aining ~obaoco flavou: ¢omponenus
during ~he various modification processes.
Vapou: phase noxae will be reduced by
convenuional ¢!gareuue componenus such as
abso:~en= fil~eEs and venuilauion (T-7344).
Ana!y~ical me,hod development |peoifi¢ally for
DAY is also included in this proje¢~ (T-6968,
T-5~49). Successful developments Of low
sidesuream produc~s via prcjecU VISA will be
incarporated inUo DAY as appropriaue.
GROUP BENEFIT
FUNDAMENTAL
GENERAL
ALTERNATZVE
PRODUCT RES/DEV
July 1994
Day
~cbacco Frag~ionan~on ¢De Grand=r~, Y.~
(T-6431}
The effec~ of the extEa¢~icn prccedureon ~he ~=bacco tasue level and on the
impact of the ~oke was investigaued using a new blend. The ~amina blend of
JPS, v-23, was chosen since i~ s~owed high ~asue level and high impac~
compared ~o the previously used blend, V-Og, which had suEprising!y low ~asts
level and impact.
Three samples were prepa:ed using ~he ~echni~e desc:ibed in a previous
Progress Repo~-u (January '$3 - July '93). The UEeaued solubles were added-
back s~ 45% (cigarette #418), 5~.59 (cigaren:8 #397) and 509 (cigarette #257)
of ~he ta=al ~obacco wei~h:. A fou::h cigaEe~Ue was made wi~h ~hs uriC:eared
lamina blend (#907). The ::bacco and smoke chemist:y are presenusd in Table
#I.
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY I: ~[INNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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TABLE I: ,,P~YSZC,~ AND SMOKZNG RESULTS
Leaf NLc. (%)
Red. Sugars it)
CLgu. P.O. (t)
Puff Number
TPM (rag/c~gu)
(mg/puff)
TAR (mg/cigu)
(mg/puff)
WATZR (mg/clg~)
(n~/puff)
NIC. (mq/ciq~)
{mg/puff)
co (mg/cicj~.)
(mg/puff)
CO/T
T:NIC.
~907
~.82
'.'.6
"31
-:.8
~3.25
1.37
IT.93
I #415
1.95
17.2
128
9.1
18.47
2.03
14.73
#397
1.95
17.3
131
9.4
18.69
1.99
14.76
1.83 1.62
2.58
0.28
"-.83 1.15
C.19 0.13
I~.83
.'.19
1.05
~.8
1.57
2.75
0.29
1.18
0.13
16.32 16.98
1.79 1.81
I.ii 1.15
12.8 12.5
#257
2.51
22.3
iii
9.9
20.48
2.07
15.41
1.56
3.47
0.35
1.61
0.16
18.09
1.83
1.17
9.6
The hes~ nicotine recoveEywas ob=ai~sd *
.=: cigars~ue #2S7 wL~h ~he highes=
addition of solubles (60%). All clgareU=ss were smoked for phenols,
aldehydes, benzo[a]pyrene, HCN and Ares s~acific activity,. The resul~s are
presented £n Table 2.
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY I: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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TABLE 2: SMOKE ANALYSTS
Smoke Componen=s
Puff ~.~'~er
TAR (mg/cL~=)
PHEXCLS (#g/=i~=)
Ratio (gg phenols/mg tar)
ALDEHYDES (~g/ci~u)
Ratio (~g a!dehydes/mg tar)
B(a)? (ng/cigul
Ratio (ng B(a)P/mg ~ar)
HCN (gg/cig~)
Ratio (pg HCt;/mg tar)
Spec. Activit7
I #907
9.8
17.9
301
16.8
1415
80
15
0.84
303
16.9
1.3
#418
9.1
14.7
137
9.3
1514
103
13
0.86
101
6.6
9.4
14.8
i 144
L 9.7
!521
14
0.95
7.0
I #257
9.9
lq.4
174
11.3
IS70
102
15
0.97
149
9.7
0.62 ~ 0.67 0.84
i
The deliveries of =he three trea=ed cigarettes (#418, #397, #257) arm lower
nhan the untreated =he, #907, ex=ep= for ~he aldehyde deliveries.
Subjectively cigare==e #257 was superior ~o cigare=~es #413 ~n.d #397. Moz~
specifically =igareu=e #257 had an average impact, some i==ita=ion, an averse
quality taste wi:h an average ~as~e level, an off-~asue cn ~he fi~s~ puff and
accep=a~!e mechanics. Clgare~=me #418 and #397 had highs= i==i:a~ion, a l~r
impao~ and a lower caste quali~y than cigarette #257.
The effect of ~he ex=mac=ion procedure on ~he =obacco ~as=e an~ on =he ~pa=
of ~he smoke is also being investigated using various ~o~a::o treatments. The
following to, acre samples are presently being prepared: a) V-23 ~oba=cm
e~Eac~ad wi~h wat~= only ~ha~ will be sprayed-hack wi~h a c=noen~ra=m~
solu=ion of uncreated solubles; b) v-23 tobacco ex~:ao~s= wi:h wa~er,
followed by an enz.vn..e/deuergen= extras:ion of the ~obac=: resilue ~hau will be
sprayed-back wi:h a concen=ra~ed solution of uncreated solublss; c) V-23
~obacco extracted wluh wa~er, followed by an enzyme/deter;ant extraction of
~he ~obaoco residue that will he spraye~-haok with a concsn=r~usd solution of
soluhles :rma~sd with bennonite only; d) V-23 ~o~acco ex=rac=sd with water,
followed hy an enzyme/detergent extraction of ~he ~ohaoco =esi~ue ~han wall be
sprayed-back wi~h a concentrated solution of solubles ~rsa=ed wi~h bentonite
only; e) V-23 ~obac:o extracted winh water, followed by an enzyme/de=ergen~
extraction of nhe ~:bacco residue tha~ will be sprayed-back with a
concentrated solution of solubles ~rea~ed winh pvpp only. This ~xperimen~
will ex~=ine the effects of each s~ep of ~he process separa=e!?. Cigarettes
made from these ~obacco samples wall be physically, chemically and
subjectively assessed.
Fiavour Re~ease (T-5175)
Tobacco flavou=s and volatile$ were exu=ac~ed fr=m V-23 bi~nd =y s~sam
dls~illa=Ion and ine== gas dls~illa~i=n.
Zn ~he s=eam dis=ills=ion ~echnique 100 g of cur or ground =c~a::o are
dispersed in one li=ar of wooer and heated =o =he boiling ;:in=. The
dis~illa:e is co!letted in an organic s¢Iven= and :he flav=u=s recovered after
evaporauion of ~he solvent. Wi=h ~he !nero gas disni!laui:n us:~ni~4e i00 g
of grounl :o~ac=o are placed in a one-lluer flask. The :==~c:= is heated to
about I~=C. An iner= gas flow, 100 ¢o,'=in. of No, is pas~e~ uhc=u~ :he
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY I: ~IrN'NESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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~obacco bed during hea~ing and the vola~iles are collec=ed in a c=ld ~ap a~
-80"C. The vola~lles are then recuperated by a liquid/!iquid extraction. In
general the yield of the flavours obnained varied between 0.57 and 0.15% of
~he ~obacco weight. The flavours were dispersed £n ethanol and £njectsd, au
0.I and 0.2% of the tobacco weight, in Day 9=ototypes (#418, #397 and #257)
and subje~ivl!y smoked. The flavours obtained by steam d£suillation were
subJeculvel7 supl=Lor UO ~hose obtained by the ine~ gas dis:illauion. The
steam dis~illed fiavours also improved the subjective properties oE the smoke
¢ompar~ to ~he same prototype without flavours. The most no~iceahle
Improvement was observed in prototype 257.
The flavours were also adsaTbed on sepiolite, an inorganic su~por~, at a
weight e cuivalenu to 0.i and 0.2% of the tobacco rod weight. The ~reaued
sepio~ite was inse~ed into ~he filter of the prototype cigarette and
subjectively smoked. Once again the flavours obtained by sulam dLsuillatlon
wore subjectively superior for the three prototypes smoked.
Finally =he injected pEc=o~ypes were considered superior =o chl prototypes
made wi=h the f!avoured sspiolite.
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY I: MrNNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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RE:DRD TYPE:
SU3 TYPE:
SE=~RZTY CODE:
r=XDING 8ODY:
ORGANIZATION:
GROUP NUMBER:
LOCAL PROJECT NUMbER(S):
PROJECT TITLE:
PERSON RESPO~SZBLE:
EFTORT:
P~0JECT DESCRIPT=GN:
SCOPE :
DE.~TH :
F.=.~CT I 0N :
Oe.'~CTIVE :
C'_'~'STER :
DA~E REVIEW S~ITTZ:I:
REVIEW TITLE:
RZVZEW TEXT:
ITL CANADA
416
T-7711-2
Enziaue/Micr:bial Treatmenu =f Tobacco
BZL~MORIA, M.H.
0.S-1994
This study f~ouses on ~he hydrolysis and
removal of uabacco polymeric maumrials such as
proteins, pec:ins, etc. and uheiE degradaUlon
produc~s using enzymes and/or microorganisms.
GROUP RELEV;~NT
FUNDAMENTAL
GENERAL
ALTERNATIVE
PRODUCT RES/DEV
July 1994
Enzyme/Micr=Dial Treatmenu cf Toba=co
1. Enzvman&c PrO~e~ Remove! from Tobacco in
~resence of Oruanic Solvents: In ~he lasu semi-annual r c r we
• o u showed ~hau
As=er~illus o.--:zae proueaee (Sigma, Type XX:II) could sc!uhi!ize flue-~ure~
tobacco prouein in the presence of aceuone, e~han~l and methanol. These
experiments were c=nducusd au ambienu temperature using a r~tary shaker and
the incubations were carried ou~ for 18 hours. We have now repea~ =his
euudy using a ~emperauure of 40eC. The an=lane treatmen: au this tempe=auure
was carried out for jusu 4 hours, and ~he results ob=ained presented in Table
!. From this ~ab!e i~ will be seen ~hau presence of 10% acetone or e~hanol
had liu~le effecu on uhe activity of uhis pro~ease and uhau protein
ec!ubilizaticn was =ompar~le to uha~ in a to~ally aquenue environmen=. Use
cf 20% aceUone or ethanol reduced protein sclubi!izaUicn only sligh~!y. It
should be polnued out ~ha~ signifi=ant amounts of prouein ware sclubilized at
40"O in the absence of the p:oteaee as compared to that $olubilized in the
earlier suudy carried out an am~ien~ ~empera~ure.
PROTEIN REMOVAL FROM FLUE-CURED TO~Cq~ By ~UNGAL PROT~AS~
IN T~Z P~ESENCE OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS
SOLVENT
WATER
ALKALZ - O.OlM
IC%
2C%
10%
20%
- 85A as suandar¢.
PROTE.'N CONTENT - MG/G~' DWB~
TR~ATME:;T
CONTROL - NO PROTEASE
100.50
90.75 (i0)
84.40 (16)
87.63 (12)
88.38 (12)
77.75 (23)
PROTEASE
26.53 (74)
33.13 (67)
43.75 (56)
35.88 (64)
48.25 {52)
T.~s samples were =rea~ed with pro~ease (5 mG/gma ~ohacc=).cr ~ 4 hours in an
environmen~a! shaker at 40"C.
T.h~ numbers in brackets a • per can= redu=--lDns as compared --= the wa e
r u .-
C3.'. "i.-0 ~..
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY h ~IINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
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2.
Enz-n~.a~i= P~c~e£n Removal from Differs== Tc~a=co Tv~es:
While uhe prouei~ pEesen= in flue-cured tobacco is readily solubLlized by
A. c~v~ae pro:ease au 5 mg/~ Uobac:o, uhe p:o~e£n in dark, air-cured,
fe~enuec =obacco Eesisued solubilizaui=n at uhis enzv=..e concenurauion.
Consequenuly, we decided ~o increase the pr==aase con~enurauion ~wo- and
four-f=Id uo deuermine if protean An ~his dark, fermen:sd Uobacc= could
now be Eende=ed soluble. From uhe resulUs presenued in Table 2, i~ will
be seen ~hau while up ~o 70% of uhe pr=uein in flue-cured uoba¢¢o and 40%
of ~he prcuein £n o=ienual uobacc= was removed, only a negllgible amount
was solubilized from Uhe dark, fs:menu~d ~ubacco even au ~heee high enzyme
concenura=icns.
TAaLE 2
PROTE-TN SOLUBI~T2AT~O~ ~ D~FF~E.'q~ ~OBACCO ~'YP~R
TOBACCO TYPE AND
TRZATHENT TIME
HOURS
."~.LTE-CURED
2
4
6
2
4
6
DARX. AZR-CURED
FE-~ENTED
2
4
6
T IgG as suandArd.
~ROTE=:Z CONTZNT - MG/GM DWB~
*E:Z~YME TREATF~T AT
WATER
CONTRCL i0 MG/GH 20 MG/GM
75.4
76.~
73.3
104.6
102.0
109.4
147.3
143.5
146.3
25.4 (66)
24.8 (68)
23.1 (6a)
76.5 (27)
60.5 (41)
67.6 (3~)
Z3~.6 (7)
134.0 (7]
135.0 IS]
23.S (69)
23.0 (70)
23.6 (68)
7~.0 (28)
6~.0 (35)
65.1 [40)
131.8 (11)
132.1 (8)
127.0 (13)
• ore=ease, urea=menu a= 1~ mg and 20 mq/~-.~. Uo=acco for up to 6 hours £n an
enviro~.~enua! shaker au 40°C.
The ~u~bers in bEackeus are per ¢e~ reductions as compared to wa~er
C
L+~.
P~3
P~3
B.A.T. CONFIDENTIAL - CATEGORY" I: ~|INNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
BATCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999
