Tobacco Documents Online

i° .~ -10- • The ~ollow~ng ~able indlcates the various sources 4~om which the f|rst clgarstce Nas o~alne~: :" L",['"; c ~T F[,,--~'~'T: ~'.'Et; :~'(Ei~' To~al SampLe Base 60 Friends gave me one 45X F'ic~eo it up on road 22% Bought it 12% Stole it from my father's pocket 10% Was sent to light it 3% Rolled my own 3% Broc~er g'ave me one Z% Elder sister gave me one 2% ~ook from our shop 2% ~ " (N.B. More than one answer given, so ~otal is greater than I00%~ HOU~E.-~LD ~MOKING PATTEF~NS ~espondents were asked who in ~heir household smoked, ~hat ~hey smoked, and ~he extent or regularity of. their smoking, in order ~o develop a pic~ur~ of the possible influence which household smoking patterns might have on c~ildren. ~ Overall , 33% o~ children had fathers who smoked, 3% had fathers who useO to smoke, and bO% had fathers who did not smoke (5% o~ respondents ~id not ansv~er th~s question). Where mothers ~ere concerned, 5% of respondents had mothers who s~oked, I% mothers who used to smoke, and 93% mothers who ~id not smoke (1% ~ respondents did not answer this question). The influence of parents on the child's own smoking habits can be seen in ~he table belch. P~RE~!T~L COMPOSITION OF SMOKERS Children ~o Smoke C~ild~en Who Don'~ i Nowadays Smoke Nowadays Father smokes 40% ~3% Mothers smokes O% 5% i The correlation bet~r~en parental smoking and children's smoking habits is not strong, a]though children ~ho smoke nowadays are somewhat more likely ito have fathers ~ho smoke than children ~ho don't smoke nowadays. I ! I i "M BatCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999

-l.t- v I -'.:..:...:..=:z!"'-'..~ "'"S :.h:, :---=,." All the resoonden~s in the sample were asked about the. smoking hablts bach t~elr closest frz~nds, and ~ne friends ~ncm they saw only sometxmes. b% ¢~a~med ~a~ tnelr ~losest 4r~en~s smokeo. 93% that thelr closesl ~riends d~d not smoke, and I;; tha~ ~e prooor~1on ot those who dio and d1( not smo~e was abouL equal. O~ tnei~ casual frienos - those whom they saw only occasionally - th~ f~gure5 ~e~e samilar; 91% claimed that these friends did not smoke, t~at they old smoke, and 2% clair~d that the proportion of smokers to non-J ~mokers was about equal. In terms of children's current smoking habits, the correlation between their friends" smoking habits and their o~n was very strong indeed. Of ~he children who smoke nowadays. 80% had close friends w~o smoked, and 40% also had casual friends ~ho smoked. Where children who don't smoke n~wa~a~m ~ere concerned~ only ~% had close friends who smoked, and 7% casu~l friends ~ho s~c;~ea. ZNFLL:ENCE ~F FRIENDS Clo==-- Friends Casua~. Friends Children ~ho Smoke Children Who Don't Nowadays Smoke Nowadays ~0% 6% 40% 7% CURRENT SMOKING ~EHAVIOUR IB~ As well as being asked if they had ever tried a cigarette themselves, children Here also asked to classify themselves in terms of their current smoking behaviour; for this, the Be~ley scale o~ classification ~as used, as already described. This classification scale has been usea throughout CRU's international programme o~ research into juvenile smoking, and is an accepted system for determining the smoking behaviour of children and young people. The results are sat out in the ~ollowing table: r-_ CO C~ BatCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999

II I[ II II II If II II II | -12- PosEr[ONING STATEMENT To~ai Sample Base i have never smoked I only tr~ed smoking once I used to smoke, but never smoke now I sometime smoke now, but not every week TOTAL 1,000 9iZ 6% 0% n (~) I usually smoke between I and lO cigarettes every week n (2) I smoke more than 6, but less than 20, cigarettes every week 0% I smoke more than 20, but less than 40, cigarettes every week 0% [ smoke 40 or more cigarettes every week 0% n = less than I% of total sample (figure in brackets indicates actual numoer of responqents who chose this classification). In fact, only 0.5% of the total sample classified themselves as smokers nowadays, and 0.3% as regular smokers (more than one cigarette per week), and of this 0.5%, all were boys over the age of 13 years.. The majority of these smokers (aO%) obtained their cigarettes ~rom friends, but 20% clazmed to buy their o~n cigarettes from a kiosk. AWA~ENESS OF HEALTH HAZARDS OF SMOKZNG 54% of the total sample interviewed claimed to ha~e seen, heard, or been told about the possible e~fec~s of smoking on health, with more boys (bO%) than girls ¢47%) claiming to know about these effectso The claim that smoking causes cancer appeared to have made most impact on respondents~ with 29% claiming to be aware of this; coughing (273) and chest ~ains (~4%) were the next most frequently cited claimed health hazards from smokng. Respondents were asked, finally, whether they thought most people smoked or didn't smoke nowadays, and whether or not they minded people smoking. Despite the very e~tremely low incidence of smoking amongst the respondents interviewed, the majority (80%) felt that most people smoked nowadays, with 100% of those who smoked nowadays perceiving this to be so. As to ~hether or not they minded other people smoking, 57% claimed that they did mind, as opposed to 43% who claimed not to mind. Interestingly, 20% of those who smoked nowadays claimed to mind other people smoking~ r~ CO BatCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999

YOUTR/CHILD SMOKING SURVEY: KENYA KEY FINDINGS: Table 1: OVERALL SMOKING BEHAVIOUR: Total Sample (=I00%) I00___~0 t Never smoked 94 Once 6 Used to Occasional n Regular n Table 2: OVERALL SMOKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG RESPONDENTS AGED 11-15 YEARS: Total in number (=i00%) s6__! % Never smoked 92 Once 7 Used to Occasional i Regular n n = less than .5% ~O BatCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999

! | J i li |1 |1 W i tl. It S i. f Table 3: Table 4: STARTING TO SMOKE: ANSWERS GIVEN TO PROMPTED REASONS FOR STARTING TO SMOKE - FIRST MENTIONS: Total number of those who have ever smoked (100%) To see what it was like All my friends smoked Someone gave me one For a dare I just found one Tried to show-off BEcause parents smoke 6O % 53 23 12 5 3 2 2 STARTING TO SMOKE: OTHERS PRESENT AT TIME OF FIRST SMOKE: Total number of those who have ever smoked (100%) Friends Alone Brother Father' Sisters Others 6O % 59 33 3 2 2 5 .,.,....e 0", CO BatCo document for PFSFC 1 March 1999

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Total i, ~lumbers o .. Once Used to Occas- ional Regul=r 601014685 '~. ,~ ~. .,-~ ,,, p 1 Kenya TABLK 2 OVERALL SHOKIKG BEIIAVIOUR PERCENTAGES GIVING Tills ANS~I~R AHONG RESPOHDENTS AGED II - 15 YEARS Engla.d t~ates Scotland Australia Nor~,ay Spotn |long Canodn Argenttn. Sueden Sviczerlend Turkey 11-16 yrs Kong 365~ 277~ 2798 608 553 558 559 576 417 Oll 038 560 561 e 50Z 58Z 44% 44Z 63X 41~ 85Z 53Z BIZ 50Z 50X 68X 92t 191S 17-t 19~ 251 29~ 41~ 11~ 20~t 121 29t 29~ 8t ?t j 13~ 10~ 15~ 13~ 8~ 6~ I~ 85 1~ 4t I0~ 14t s~ 4t 5t 9t 6~ 5t - 5t 3~ 6t 61 4t It, !! ~.31 11t 16~. 9t 13~ 7~ 3~ 15~ 31t lOt 4~ 6~ n i m i .,, * n- < O.St -I ! J ! I i i ! I i I I J= o ,9 O. Im o 4~ c E o 0 0 0 al

601014686 United Kinq¢!om (**l Total in numberu of those who have ever smoked .... "--- ---- PR.,.,.'TEL .,~AS ..... FL.. 3TA .... NG .. SM .... - !Australia Norway Spain llong Cnnada Argnntina Sweden Switzerland Turkey (*) All (*) (*) Kong |*) (*) (*) (*) (*) Hentions (*) FIRST HOST IHPORTANT REASON 483 420 491 94 360 163 371 400 208 I Kenya (-) 6O To see what it yes like 78% 64t 35% 40t 48% 43~ 46~ 54% 34t S3t All my friends smoked 19~ 6% 5% 5% 14~ 7~ 4% .12% 1fi% 23t So~eon~ gave i me one 18% 9~ 191 14t 9~ 13~ 20~ 13% 10t 121 l'or n dare 7~ 4~ 0% 38% 5~ 16% 9~ 8% 7~ St I just found one 5~ 4% 0~ 2~ 4% 3t 6~ 4% 3% 3% I was bullied ! hod seen advertisinq Parencs smoked To look tough To show o£[ TO look gretna-up 4t It It NIA N/A H ;' A , .i,^ " It 1% Ot 3~ 2% 2~ 1% 6% 0~ .N/A N/A 6% 7% 3% 2~ t% N/A t1% 2t 'N/^ N/A Specinl Occasion 31% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Brothur/Slster smoked N/A N/A N/A 1% 1% N/A 1% 1% Ot ' o, i 0t O| N/A i 1 Ot ~ ! i (*) Question Wordings: i AUSTRALIA : "Can you remember when you tried your. first cigarette? Was It for any of these reasons?" I NORNAY~ SPAIN, HOHG KONG~ SWITZERLAND, SHF.DEN, TURf:BY, ARGENTINA, CANADA, ~.'.: ! "These ere some |other) roe,con, that |).'=epic have given as to t~hy they smoked their first ! cigarette. I would like you to Ioo!: through them and decide if any of thc:~ had any part I .~.,... in your trying a cigarette. Tell me, which t,(~s the most important rcaso:tT" i comparable question in United Kingdom OPCS studiqs } i l o 0 o m

601014687 -11-II i-i-Ii oral in umbers f those he have vet moked £ng~#p(I Wales Scotland Australia lioL'way Spain Ilong Canada A~gentina Sweden S~titz- Tuckey Kenyt "UNITC~ KI~DGOH 7-16 yrs. [:Onq erland i i 40 2025 1328 1697 503 420 491 I94 3GO 163 371 400 208 1fiends 65t 71~ 70~ 54~ 69~ 29~ 38~ 53t 27t 58t 48t 47t 59t'. ee Irother 7~ 7'~ 41 ?t 4t 16~. 11~ 6t Ilt 5~ 8t 4t 3tl l i :islet 6~ 5t 5~ 8~ 5% 14~ 6~ 6~ 6~ 4t 5•. 2t 2t; i Iother 3~ 2t 35 151 14~ 34~ : 9t 14~ 17t 17~ 17t 4t 0ti 'ather 4~ 2~ 2t 1G~ 12~ 32~ 18t 11~ 17.~ 11t 15t 12~ 2tI )thers 6t 4~ S~ 10t - 33~ 10~ 9~ 25t 2~ ?~ 71 St' I 1lone 9t 81 81 7t 8t 1~ , 27~ 10~ 21~ 11~ 16~ 24~ 33t :an' t .I ~omember 9~ 7~ 8~ - 1 ~ - - 1 ~ - - 1 ~ - 'e~centacje of t 4entiOns ** 109~ 106t 105t 117~ 113~ 15.q~ 119~ 110~ 124~ 109~ 116~ 100t 104~ J= O U. u~ ~uestion wording in United Kingdom : "Hho ~ere you ~Ith~ the first time yo. tried smoking a clqarette?" llmost identical uo~dlng was used ~l~e~hore, except that p¢ocoding allowed for "one £rien~" agalnst "more :han one £~iond" (*) United ~ingdom figures concern children aged 11 upw~rdn; ~11 othere conco=n childcen from 7 years upwacds. Technically, ~e are doscribin9 ~n event wi~lch took place at a specific ago, and therefore this dlf£erenco between the t~o age 9ro~tp~ is irrulevant, although it seems very likely that the higher percencag~ mentioning father and motheE outside.the U.K. re~lects mote ~ecent recall by !,oung~r ~* " ~nt~l( ~d '|~ t'(~ nnre than I00~ because several nns~ors ~nre allowed sn:okors. U. 0. Im 0 q.. ,l.a E U 0 '0 0 0 II1