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McKennell, A.C.

(Defense expert on cessation/addiction) Defense

McKennell conducted a survey of U.K. smokers pre-1976 and classified them according to smoking motivation. McKennell termed motives such as smoking to relieve stress or to aid concentration the inner need to smoke. McKennell demonstrated positive relationships between the inner need score and daily cigarette consumption, depth of inhalation, and the anticipated difficulty of giving up smoking (Project Wheat 1 p. 5). McKennell published A Comparison of Two Smoking Typologies research paper 12, Tobacco Research Council, London 1973 (Project Wheat 2). As defined by McKennell, consonant smokers are those who tend to reject antismoking appeals and express no wish to give up smoking. Consonant smokers are low in Inner Need but when finally persuaded about the dangers of smoking were able to give up with comparative ease (Project Wheat 1, p. 32). Dissonant smokers are those who tend to accept the arguments against smoking and say they would like to give up smoking if they could easily do so. Dissonant smokers are high in Inner Need and make frequent but largely unsuccessful attempts to give up smoking (Project Wheat 1, p.32).