Tobacco Documents Online

Comments from scientists regarding the methods used to measure ETS and its impact on non-smoker exposure, smoker exposure, and their relation to lung cancer. the study critiqued analyzed plasma cotinine, plasma nicotine levels and other biochemical markers among smokers and non-smokers in contact with ETS.

Details the International Symposium of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, sposored by the EPA. Discusses the applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction, usually supercritical carbon dioxide. Lists benefits as increased extraction efficiency, selectivity, shorter extraction time, ease of solvent removal and mild extraction conditions. Posits the use of SFE in an automated smoke analysis system. Reports use of SFE with polyurethane foam (PUF)in quantitatively recovering wide varieties of organic compounds. Details using a PUF sampling of air from a smoker's office as showing the presence of phenols, nicotine and fatty acids. Identifies polar compounds as those containing hetero-atoms such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. States that the most difficult problem in analyzing polar compounds at trace levels in sidestream smoke is moisture. Lists methods to overcome the problem, including use of a standard mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, acrylnitrile, butanal, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate. Presents results on cabin air quality in commercial aircraft. Finds that exposure to nicotine was higher in the airport than in the aircraft cabin. Reports on a study concerning the rate of decay of nicotine in ETS. Finds that nicotine decays at a different rate than other ETS components, and tends to linger longer due to absorbtion and re-evaporation involving the chamber walls.

Catalogues the status of 32 Philip Morris Cos., Inc. [PM] and Philip Morris Cos. International, Inc. [PMI] product development projects. Reports experimental low sidestream [SS] cigarettes demonstrate a 50 plus percent reduction in smoke visibility, Marlboro modifications provide favorable subjectives and concentric filter design findings are being summarized. Lists international projects underway, compiles results of competitive testing and summarizes the current status of PM cigarette design.

Outlines Philip Morris' [PM] five year research and development strategic goals, operational plans and manufacturing recommendations. Compiles and analyzes competitor's strengths and weaknesses, cites serious shortfalls due to decreasing cigarette sales and increasing costs associated with regulatory compliance. Attributes some of these declines to competition and says the pharmaceutical companies marketing of tobacco cessation products and the anti-smoking movement further impacts market share. States reducing manufacturing costs and maximizing existing brand sales are short term goals and indicates consumer perceptions of branding and product quality are key elements to success. Lists production concepts for leaf selection, tobacco processing, use of reconstituted blends and decreases in cigarette weight. States a major shift to increased use of expanded tobacco, reconstituted leaf and cast sheet tobacco is in play and says environmental regulations restrict and "impact the design and marketing of our products." Lists strategies to: reduce the number of ingredients in flavor formulations, continue to decrease sidestream [SS] smoke, reduce Carbon monoxide [CO] and overcome consumer health concerns and the technical problems of cigarette design and production.

Collection of 24 abstracts the topics of which include: organoleptic evaluation of tobacco additives (aroma, taste, satisfaction, physical feel and sight); menthol; sensory analysis of cigars and pipe tobaccos; sensory test of cigarette smoke including sidestream smoke; smoke aroma, odor, and quality; cigarette flavors; licorice; and chemical composition of tobacco.

Recommends Dr. Carlos Hilado be retained as an industry consultant and be paid from Special Fund 4. Overviews areas of expertise, indicates he is a consultant for Brown & Williamson, well-versed on "fire-safe-cigarettes" and knowledgable of other helpful experts. States his expertise would help identify potential indoor air quality [IAQ] witnesses and others to evaluate claims regarding the health effects of smoke on IAQ. Restates the caliber of Dr. Hilado's work on fire-safe-cigarettes, suggests he may be able to evaluate weaknesses in research and proposed standards and asks for his retainer.

Information about Project CC intended for attorneys to defend against the plaintiff argument that RJR could have switched to a less harmful cigarette, but chose not to. One aspect of Project CC was the PRISM I project: assessing prototype cigarettes designed to address five top consumer "enduring wants": reduced controversial compounds, reduced second hand smoke, reduced teeth stain, odor improvement, and fresh breath. Marketing line was "we're not saying PRISM will lower the risks associated with smoking, no one can prove that. But we do know you can now get a smooth, flavorful cigarette with less claimed cancer causing compuinds than the leading lights brand." These cigarettes were not put on the market because of concerns of exposure to intense government regulator scrutiny.

Reports the design and characteristics of Low Density Rod [LDR] products. List design elements considered, advantages and indicates sidestream total particulate matter [TPM] reduction and weight reduction [LDR] need further study.

Discusses use of additives in cigarette manufacture, notes the additives approved for use in European Union may be benign but lead to greater smoking incidence or consumption by making cigarettes more palatable or less irritating without reducing health risks. Discusses use of ammonia to raise levels of free nicotine and calls for greater regulation of additives. Urges disclosure of additives, listing ingredients on packaging, stating the purpose of each ingredient, and toxicological/pharmacological testing of all additives. Recommends regulators have authority to challenge any additives, ban any that are found to be harmful as well as those that cannot be proven to be safe due to European restrictions on animal testing. Includes introduction to tobacco products and additives, discussions of scientific advisory committee reports on tobacco additives, the enhancing impact of additives with a pharmacological effect, masking the taste and immediate effects of tobacco, additive toxicity and changing the perception of sidestream smoke.

Notes the industry's moral responsibility, legal necessity, and the technological importance of understanding it's product and that industry must be able to make authoritative statements regarding tobacco. Examines properties of nicotine, describes chemical reactions in each part of cigarette, and compares sidestream and mainstream smoke. Compares differences in tobacco types, explains nicotine delivery and manipulation by use of additives.