Tobacco Documents Online

This brief Philip Morris memo mentions studies done on puffing behavior regarding sequential puffs (e.g., a study on Puff Three, Puff Four, Puff Six.). The memo notes that Puff Five did not have an individual study referencing it, thus information on it will be included in the annual report instead.

Memo explaining that effects of nicotine on the synapse in the CNS are not understood, nor is the manifestation of nicotine at the psychological level. New knowledge in neurophsiology show that synapses are a liquid medium in flux that house varying neurotransmitters and neuroinhibitors. While Phillip Morris is working on altering the structure of the nicotine molecule to see its impact on animal behavior, only one researcher at Phillip Morris, Abood, is working on nicotine's effect on these fluid synapses. The memo questions whether Abood should be the only informant in neurosciences.

Report on the behavioral pharmacology program, the main objectives of which are to understand reinforcing actions of nicotine and nicotine analogues, gain insight into the neurobehavioral actions of nicotine, and develop animal behavior techniques to screen nicotine analogues for their nicotine eliciting properties. Used controlled experiments with self-administration of nicotine by rats to establish reinforcer function of nicotine. Found response of 2-methylnicotine equivalent to that of nicotine (i.e. behaviorally active).

This is a summary of an NCI conference based on research program designed to reduce the risk of cigarette smokers through the development of less hazardous cigarettes. This conference intended to obtain consensus on acceptable experimental conditions and animal subjects to determine effects of exposure to tobacco smoke. Topics of experimental studies summarized look include: mechanisms of whole smoke or single smoke components, pathogenesis of particular diseases, and screening of less hazardous cigarette models. Two debates in particular that arose were how to distinguish the causal factors of lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases, and how to accurately measure dose uptake in animal subjects.

SEX-III (Smoking Exposure Study III) study comparing smoking behavior in 1972 2509 smoker sample with 1968 SEX-I participants. SEX-I was able to predict various indices of smoker behavior based on nicotine delivery levels and demographic information. SEX-III intended to assess changes in behavior due to changes in characteristics in smokers and/or change in cigarettes that were smoked. Results show that smokers in 1972 smoked cigarettes with less tar and nicotine, but smoked more of the rod of the cigarette and more cigarettes. Conclude that tar/nicotine quota is operative.

Reports how manipulating tar and nicotine ratios can produce acceptable subjectives in a low delivery cigarettes. Suggests cigarette acceptability can be enhanced with a greater nicotine to tar ratio than in ordinary cigarettes and deviation in either direction from a tar to nicotine [T/N] ratio of 0.07 negatively effects cigarette acceptability.

Describes how providing smokers delivery information influences the acceptability of low delivery cigarettes. Finds delivery level disclosure influences acceptability primarily in: females in the 35 plus age bracket, "health smokers," and smokers who smoke 30 or more cigarettes per day. States "a real marketing advantage is gained by calling attention to the delivery values of low delivery cigarettes."

Special report compiles the chemistry and characteristics of menthol cigarettes and summarizes major R&D projects. States this report elucidates the current [1980] understanding of menthol and provides references to literature and internal reports.

Cover memo for citations to the literature search on absorption of nicotine and CO through the mout and lungs. The citations are not found in this document, only the cover memo.

Literature review of information relatd to cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine in blood or plasma. THe summary of this literature search is that cotinine persists longer in the bloodstream than does nicotine. References and abstracts cited in this memo are not enclosed in this document.