Tobacco Documents Online

Reports on experiments using pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs), evoked potentials to olfactory and trigeminal stimulants (EPs) and electrotrigeminograms (ETGs) to explore the effects of smoking on the central nervous system. Demonstrates that smoking produced a decrease in PREP P100 latencies over time. States that maximal central nervous system effects are achieved while smoking, but quickly dissipate. Explores effects of nicotine delivery on P100 latencies.

Outlines a series of experiments, in support of Project Leap, to determine whether nicotine aerosols produce electrophysiological and subjective responses comparable to nicotine in cigarette smoke. Plans to investigate the effects of aerosol pH on electrophysiological and subjective responses. Suggests puff by puff comparison of nicotine aerosol to cigarettes with varying nicotine delivery levels.

Presentation on the general neurochemistry, neuropharmacology, receptor structure, regional receptor localization, and function of nicotine. Identifies nicotine as exogenous, effecting the Acetylcholine systems. Illustrates chemical transmission at a gap junction. Summarizes that nicotine receptors in the brain are regionally located, divisible into as yet unknown subtypes, which might have different functions. Suggests that nicotine might have different effects on different parts of the brain.

Report seeks to understand the neural mechanisms underlying the taste properties of nicotine, along with related human psychophysical and animal electrophysical experiments. Plans on using both human and rat experiments. Proposes projects on sensory effects of nicotine on the tongue, pharmacology of nicotine irritation, and interaction between nicotine and menthol.

Outlines a study done on 20 human subjects, measuring delta, theta, alpha, beta and peak alpha frequency. Finds, postsmoking, decrease in delta and theta power, increase in alpha power and increase in alpha frequency. Reports effects emerging after fourth puff. Notes that this EEG profile differs from that of amphetamines of methylphenidate type psychostimulants.

Outlines a study done on four groups of subjects who were smoke deprived overnight. Finds all cigarettes produced an increase in total alpha, cigarettes containing nicotine produced a decrease in alpha1 and an increase in alpha2.

Describes preliminary studies of ART fillers oversprayed with nicotine citrate [NC], ethanol [AE] and nicotine as the base [FB]. Says these data indicate Central Nervous System [CNS] effects on Pattern-reversal evoked potential [PREP] are greater than expected, indicates nicotine delivery of cigarettes made to Merit specifications containing NC are half as effective in transport and delivery when compared to FB, and FB is perceived as having higher "mouth/throat impact." Describes experiments, presents data and suggests Phase I ART sudies be pursued utilizing cigarettes oversprayed with FB to further elucidate nicotine delivery.

Lists research activities including Project XB [2 mg] and indicates physiological parameters and blood nicotine levels of "7-cigarette" studies are complete comparing branded and XB cigarettes. States Ultra Low Tar [ULT] and Full Flavor Low Tar [FFLT] nicotine studies are continuing, notes electrophysiological studies of nicotine/levulinic acid research in pigeons and humans demonstrate parallel results and indicates acid-coated filter technology is now practice. Says an impaction filter can be fabricated and that Tracheo-bronchial deposition in humans depends on smoke concentration "possibly manipulable by cigarette design." Notes the Chemsense database is on-line and says the Four-Cities Study, Nicotine RSM Study, switching behavior study and puff-profiles are complete. Elucidates the role of olfaction in cigarette taste, indicates consultation and design of five ETS-sponsored studies and states salivary cotinine samples from US multi-city and Japanese non-smokers have been analyzed. Highlights papers published, indicates "opposition to CECCM pack labeling." Notes reviewing numerous proposals and chairing HRRC since 1985.

Recounts responses to problem laboratory design questions. Explores smoker's emotional responses to issues about cigarette design and positioning. Includes brainstorming, ideas, springboards, and concepts relating to smoking perception, image, desires and psychology. Draws no conclusions.

Summarizes support to Project XB. Research focuses on the effects of levulinic acid and other acids on the olfactory nerve response to nicotine, the perception of nicotine and the response to odorants. Describes levulinic acid and nicotine mixture experiments underway, justifies significance of research and indicates areas of future study. Indicates pigeon testing continues and two human subjects who have lost the sense of smell [anosmic] have been recruited as a "means of assessing the relative roles of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves in the perception of odor and irritation". Notes RJRT scientists responded to EPA claims regarding environmental tobacco smoke [ETS] and the author has published a chapter in a book regarding odor perception in humans and animals. Indicates these data in support of Project XB is an effort to clarify the relationship of smoke perception, smoke chemistry and sensory nerve stimulation.