Product Design
The Design of Low Delivery Cigarettes (with Regard to Smoker Compensation)
Abstract
Describes how variations in product delivery modification affect smoker compensation. Notes that in addition to nicotine, the amount of smoke/puff or perceived level of taste may effect compensation. Suggests two approaches for design of low delivery cigarettes: 1) reducing deliveries of gas phase components (appropriate for those smokers who do not compensate); and 2) reduction of tar and gas phase components relative to nicotine (assuming nicotine drives compensation.) Notes that the altered T/N cigarette "would have somewhat different taste characteristics from current products." Recommends further research into the interaction between the smoker and altered design products. Notes minimum nicotine intake of 1 mg may be necessary for certain pharmacological effects.
Fields
- Rank
- 1
- Author
- Wood, D. J. (BAT GR&DC Project Wheat)Defense
- Recipient
- Bowra, C G Esq
- Green, S J Dr
- Haslam, F Dr
- Sheehy, P Esq
- Short, P L Esq
- Walmisley, R St C Esq
- Green, S J Dr
- Hypothesis
- CompensationIncorporating knowledge of compensation and effects of human smoking behavior into cigarette design.
- FTC machine testing and ratings
Design changes to achieve altered FTC smoke machine tar and nicotine ratings, with or without measured changes in human intake.- Low-yield cigarettes
Modification of low yield products to assure that adequate levels of nicotine delivery are maintained, and effects of yield changes on toxicity and dependence.- Smoking psychology and behavior
- Design Basics
- FTC machine testing and ratings
- Keyword
- Compensation (Titration)
- Tar/Nicotine ratio (Nicotine/Tar Ratio or T/N ratio)
- Behavioral effects (Behavioral pharmacology)
Addiction behavior, withdrawal, and measured nicotine effects- Low delivery (Reduced delivery)
- High impact/low tar
- Effective nicotine level
- Impact (Throat grab)
- Tar/Nicotine ratio (Nicotine/Tar Ratio or T/N ratio)
- Design Component
- Filter ventilation (Filter vents, air vents)
- Pressure drop (PD, Resistance to draw (RTD), Flow rate or Draft)
- Operation/Project
- Project Romany
- Subject
- Low Yield Cigarettes (Products)
- Compensation (Measures)
- T/N Ratios (Measures)
- Pressure Drop (Design)
- Smoke Nicotine (Measures)
- Smoke Delivery/Transport (Measures)
- Effects—Smoking Behavior (Effects)
- Compensation (Measures)
Document Images
DR. 5.J. GREEN
P.L. SHORT, ESQ.
.E~ DJW/JP
ESQ.
~,o,.~ D.J. WOOD
um~ 28th June, 1977
|-~--
/ F,LS .......,, • .........
I enclose the followi~g paper for consideration at the
M.P.D.C. meeting on the Is~ July:
"The Design of Low Dellvery Clgarettes (With Regard
to Smoker Ccmpensatlon)"
TRIAL EXHIBIT
11,405
THE .DESIGN OF LO~ DELIVERY CIGARETTES
(WITH REGARP TO SMOKER COMPENSATION)
Long term behavioural studies (reviewed by Weber)
suggest that smokers can accept progressive small reductions
in the delivery of cigarettes without major compensation.
Ep~demiological studies in the U.K. (Dean,. ~ee, Todd. and
Wicken) and in the U.S.A. (Hammond, Garfinkel, Seidman and
Lew) are consistent with this view.
There have been numerous short term studies undertaken
both by independent research workers (Guillerm, Russell, etc.)
and by some tobacco companies. All of these studies suggest
that, while some smokers compensate for changes in the delivery
of smoke components, others are relatively unaffected.
However, it is uncommon to find smokers who fully compensate
for changes in delivery, particularly when they change to
brands with lower deliverles. Although it is often assumed
that the delivery of nicotine is the determining factor for
those smokers who do compensatet the amount of smoke in a puff,
or the perceived level of taste, could also be important.
A collaborative study planned by ~AT and Dr. M.A.H. Russell is
hoped to produce some definite evidence about the exact rSle
of nicotine in determining smoking behaviour.
These observations suggest two approaches to the design
of low delivery cigarettes which will have favourable league
table positions, satisfy health authorities with regard to the
delivery of certain smoke components and w~ich will satisfy
smokers. In both approaches a progressive reduction in delivery
is suggested.
P AT Co LTo - Mixx sorA ToB {:{:o
- 2 -
The first approach is the conventional one of reducing
the deliveries of all smoke components, with an emphasis
on gas phase components. This approach is appropriate for
those smokers who do not compensate for progressive small
reductions in delivery and who find such products acceptable.
In order for the diluent action to be cffectlve throughout
the ~ig~rette, the use of a ventilated filter tip is the
method of choice for achieving low deliveries, while smokers'
dislike ot cigarettes with high draw resistance'indicates
a reduction in pressure drop, compared to current products.
The second approach is the reduction of the dellvery
of tar and vapour phase components relative to nicotine
(assuming that this compound is important for at least some
smokers). This second approach could ultimately give a
tar
cigarett~ with a ~ ratio of 5, on the lines of
Project ROMANY. However, the tobacco blend required for such
designs precludes large scale production (and also possibly
acceptance by smokers) and a more realistic approach would
be to aim for the following targets:
Tar 7-8 mg, Nicotine I mg, Carbon Monoxide 5 mg.
Again, the use of a ventilated filter tip is recommended.
This cigarette would have somewhat different taste
characteristics from current products, and for this reason
it seems particularly importa~: that smokers should be
acclimatlsed to the product progressively.
The provision of acceptable taste in low delivery
cigarettes is a problem requiring more research within BAT.
Taste might'be more important for the low nlcotine/low tar
design than for the normal nicotlne/low tar product, because
the latter cigarette could b~ quite high in impact.
BAT Co
Research is also required to study the interaction
between the smoker and any optioDs in the design of these
low delivery products since the particular way in which
a cigarette is designed to give low deliveries will influence
the way the cigarette is smoked. Smokers will not necessarily
obtain the same amount of smoke from two products with
identical league table deliveries achieved by different-means.
Although marketlng'conslderatlons will influence the'
lower limits towards which deliveries will be r~duced, some
of the effects of smoking, e.g. the maintenance of performance
in difficult tasks, appear to be due to nicotine itself, and
a minimum nicotine intake must be achieved before such effects
occur. The minimum effective nicotine level will depend very
much on the idiosyncrasies of individual smokers, but we
should aim at a cigarette delivering at least 0.5 mg of nicotine.
With appropriate design, inc~udlng moderately low draw resistance,
smokers will be able to obtain up to I mg nicotine from such a
cigarette.
15A1 IGo LTD - _[VI_INNESOTA ]~-OBACC:O LITIGATION'
