Product Design
GR&DC Research Programme & Resource Allocation 1984-1986
Abstract
States the Group Research & Development Center budget has been approved and says research objectives will be assigned differently. Lists budget allocations and organizational staffing charts. Describes and details the stategic objectives of: biological research, smoke research, smoker behavior, flavor research, process research, analysis and test method development.
Fields
- Recipient
- Ayres, C. Ian (BATCO Group Research & Dev. Centre, UK)Research Manager, BATCO GR&DC, United Kingdom,
- Binns, Richard (BATCO GR&DC Dept. Head )R. Binns was a BATCO Dept. Head. (N.M. Tobacco Companies Personnel List)
- Blackman, Lionel C.F., Ph.D. (BATCo Executive Dir., GR&DC Dir. )Lionel C.F. Blackman was a BATCO Executive Director, and director of Group Research and Development Center in Southampton, England. (N.M. Tobacco Companies Personnel List)
- *Bruell, Edward Alfred Albert (use Bruell, Eric Alfred Albert) (BATCo Chairman, BAT Industries Board of Dir.)Defense
- Davis, N.
- de Siqueira, C.J.P. (Scientist at BAT 1975-76)Scientist at British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd.(?)in 1975-76.
- Denton, P.M.
- Dunn, Patrick J. (ITC R&D, Montreal, Canada, c 1985-6)Manager, Analytical Services and Director of Smoking Behavior Research at Imperial Tobacco, Canada. Went by "Pat" or P.J."
- Gannaway, Paul H. (BATCo R&D Planning)Defense
- Hardwick, Michael J. (BATCo GR&DC)Defense
- Heard, Alan L. (BAT GR & DC Programs Worldwide Coordinator)Worldwide coordinator for British American Tobacco's Group Research and Development programmes, around the mid 1980s. BAT Group R&D Manager, Southampton, 1984.
- Heath, A.M. (BAT Marketing Director)BATCo Exec. Director/Marketi
- Heywood, D.G. (BAT Finance Exec. Director)Defense
- Hughes, Ivor Wallace, Dr. (CEO Brown & Williamson, TI Executive Committee)Ivor Wallace Hughes was The Chief Executive Officer of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Company in 1983, also served on the Tobacco Institute Executive Committee in 1983 and was CTR Director 1/28/83.
- Kellagher, J.A.B.Defense
- Kohnhorst, Earl E. (BW President of US Business)Earl E. Kohnhorst was the Director of Research for Brown & Williamson. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996). In 1994, Kohnhorst was Executive vice president and chief operating officer of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (LAT 8/2/94). He was also vice president for research, development and engineering, BWT in 1985. (LAT 8/2/94). In a 1/17/85 memo, BWT Corporate Counsel J. Kendrick Wells said he had advised Earl Kornhorst, BWT's VP for research, development and engineering, on the need to prune scientific reports from his files. Wells marked certain reports with an X to designate those that were Deadwood in the behavioral and biological studies area. The Janus studies, secret program of biological research on the effects of smoking which showed tumor growth in animals, should be treated as deadwood. These documents should be segregated, boxed and put in the basement for possible shipment to BAT Industries in England, but no one should make any notes, memos or lists of the documents (LAT 8/2/94). Kohnhorst wrote a 4/26/85 letter re: carbon monoxide . It mentions development of Fact cigarette prototype which was designed to deliver low carbon monoxide. It describes shredded dried stems process which results in carbon monoxide reduction (E. Kohnhorst LT 4/26/85).
- Nicholls, R.G., Esq. (BAT Attorney 1975-76)Nicholls was a attorney for British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd. in 1975-76. R. G. Nicholls, Esq. received copy of "Project Wheat-Part 1 dated 7/10/75 and Project Wheat-Part 2 dated 1/30/76 (Project Wheat 1&2).
- Norsworthy, M.
- Pritchard, Raymon J.
- Richardson, P.A.
- Rittershaus, E.
- Sanford, Robert A. (BW RD&E VP, Research Director)
- Hypothesis
- Design changes over timeChanges in cigarette design over the past half century.
- Elasticity and Product Control
- Health effectsDesign changes which have measurably altered health effects of cigarette smoke, both for smokers and nonsmokers.
- Inhalation ProfileAre cigarettes designed to cater to individual inhalation profiles?
- Introduction of new/unconventional productsResearch and development of novel nicotine delivery devices and experimental tobacco designs.
- Low-yield cigarettesModification of low yield products to assure that adequate levels of nicotine delivery are maintained, and effects of yield changes on toxicity and dependence.
- Mainstream constituent yieldsModification of selected mainstream smoke constituents in response to health concerns.
- Measuring human intakeDevelopment of scientifically valid procedures for measuring tar and nicotine levels that more accurately reflect human intake.
- Measuring overall toxicityDevelopment of scientifically valid protocols and methods for testing the health and toxicity effects of changes in product design.
- Nicotine transport, transfer, and uptakeDesign changes which alter nicotine delivery or effect how the product causes and maintains dependence, including transfer of nicotine from tobacco to smoke, and uptake into the body.
- Smoke constituent testingDevelopment of methods for measurement of gas and particulate yields in mainstream and sidestream smoke.
- Neurobiology
- Sensory targetingTargeting of smokers through changes in sensory characteristics
- Sensory effectsTechnologies used to measure, control, or alter sensory effects
- Keyword
- Animal testing
- Brain activity
- Brand differences
- Carcinogenic (Cancer-causing)
- Cardiovascular system (Heart)
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Consumer acceptability (Consumer preference)
- Delivery modification
- Electrophysiological
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke ETS
- Human testing
- Low delivery (Reduced delivery)
- Metabolite
- Mutagenic
- Neuropharmacology (Electrophysiology)Receptor, brain, and CNS effects (EEG, trigeminal response, etc.)
- Nicotine delivery (Smoke nicotine or nicotine yield)
- Patents
- Physiological effects
- Satisfaction
- Sensory response
- Tar/Nicotine ratio (Nicotine/Tar Ratio or T/N ratio)
- Total particulate matter (TPM or Tar)
- toxicology
- Trigeminal chemoreception (Trigeminal nerves)
- Additive
- Eugenol
- Smoke Constituent
- Aldehydes
- Arsenic
- Cadmium
- Cobalt
- Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
- lead
- Mercury
- Nickel
- Nitric oxides
- Nitrosamines (N-nitrosamines)
- Design Component
- Blended leaf (BL)
- Bright casing (Flue-cured casing)
- Bright tobacco (Flue-cured tobacco)
- Burley casing
- Burley tobacco
- Green leaf
- Plasticizer
- Selective filtration
- Operation/Project
- Project RIO
- Named Organization
- B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH (B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH)B.A.T. Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
- Birmingham Hospital
- British Industrial Biological Research Association
- British Standards Institute
- British-American Tobacco Co Ltd (British-American Tobacco Co. Ltd.)British-American Tobacco Company Limited was a operating group under B.A.T. Industries P.L.C. in 1985.
- CAC (China-American Cigarette Co - Assoc with RJR)1994 China-American Cigarette Co - Assoc with RJR
- Coresta (Industry-affiliated Int'l scientific/research group)An international organization whose objective is "to improve cooperation in scientific research and tobacco." Consists of 186 member companies/institute from 54 countries, including tobacco, paper and filter companies, and universities engaged in tobacco research.
- Group Research and Development Center (Research center for BATco in Southampton, England)
- Imperial College
- ITL, Canada
- Papworth Hospital
- Rubber and Plastics Research Association
- Shirley Institute
- Surrey University
- Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) (International industry advisory council)Tobacco Advisory Council
- Subject
- Blends (Design)
- Cancer (Health Effects)
- Cardiovascular Effects (Health Effects)
- CNS/Brain (Effects)
- Filters (Design)
- health effects
- Low Yield Cigarettes (Products)
- Metabolites (Measures)
- Novel Cigarette Devices (Products)
- Pharmacology (Effects)
- Pressure Drop (Design)
- secondhand smoke
- Sensory Effects—Taste (Effects)
- Smoke Nicotine (Measures)
- T/N Ratios (Measures)
- Test/Animal Subject (Testing)
- Test/Consumer Preference (Testing)
- Test/Inhalation (Testing)
- Test/Smoke Condensate (Testing)
- Test/Toxicity (Testing)
- Transfer to Smoke (Measures)
- Ventilation (Design)
Document Images
BRITISH-AMERI CAN TOBACCO COMPANY lIMITED
IR&DC RESEARCH PROGRAMME & RESOURCE ALLOCATION 1984-1986
:(a) GROUP R&D PROGRAMME ,~,,,-~:~ '
:i:(b) PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICAL SERVICES :;i,,:!:
,~.-. :>:(SUMMARY ONLY)
," , :.
,;:i'.:i,/ D I STR i BUTi ON:
• 6. A.M. Heath/j.A.B. Kellagher
• t . , 1"
E.A.A. Bruell •
R.J. Pritchard !i~.
4. ~':D.G. Heywood/P.A. Richardson
~- L.C.F. Blackman
8. , N. Davis -
::9 .... J.P. Sikkel
10. M. Norsworthy
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.-
R.A. Sanford
E.E. Kohnhorst
P.J. Dunn
E. Rittershaus
F. Seehofer
16. C.J.P. de Siqueira
17. P.M. Denton
18. R.G. Nicholls
19. A.L. Heard
20. C.I. Ayres
21. M.J. Hardwick
22. R. Binns
23. P.H. Gannaway
RESTRICTED
November 1983.
MAY BE OPENED AND SEEN ONLY BY
THE ADDRESSEE AND PERSONS
AUTHORISED BY THE ADDRESSEE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES ALLOCATED TO THE GROUP R&D PROGRAMME
AND TO PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICAL SERVICES
TOTAL GR&DC STAFF ALLOCATION (1984)
ORGANISATION
• GR&DC PROFESSIONAL STAFF
PAGE
i
ii
iii
iv
v&vi
GROUP R&D PROGRAMME
01 Biological Research
02 Smoke Research
03 Smoker Behaviour
04 Flavour Research
05 Process Research:
- Physical Properties of Tobacco
- Chemistry of Processing & Expansion Studies
- Novel Cigarette Technology
06 Analysis and Test Method Development
1
11
23
35
45
53
59
67
Specialist Resources
Appendix I
PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY & TECHNICAL SERVICES
Financial Sugary
Appendix II
CA
:D
F.w
CA
FOREWORD
The GR&DC get proposals were the BATCO Board in
November, !98:
kis docume a year ago,
.:with the major differences that_project organograms are shown against
~ork area and the bar-charts are aced by descriptions of
tasks and timescales.
Programme has been formul in the light of discussions
the Research Conference in August, 1983. iMajor agreed changes to
current1983-85 Work Programme are:;!:~!,i~i~ii.~i:~:~,i~:,~it:~i?~r,;.~:c,!~,,/,:,.:'~
Iter~Nitrosamines;Sidestreamand Combustion research are In a new Work Area 02, Smoke
Research .... c~,,.
g;smok'e"xero£Gi:;P~{;iogical"andPharmacoibgical ;/!:
are now a new Work Area 03, Smoker Behaviour.
md Biotechnology
Expansion, and Novel Cigarette Technology research are now )ed within Work Area 05,
Process Research ......
Control and Physical Test Method Development is removed
tom the,Work Programme. Any future activities on physical test
methods will probably be incorporated into Work Area 06, Analysis
and Test Method Development.
aCtivitie'sare~piit between Product Technology
,(application) and Group R&D Programme (research). Psychology
• esearch is included in Work Area 02, Smoke Research, and in
Area 03, Smoker Behaviour.- , ,
....
i~!,~,~ii~,,::/~!,~I~
~arate resources areailocated to Future Technologies, Special
Projects, Smoking Issues and International and Specialist Committees.
~se activities are summarised in Appendix I. ~ ~:~./:C~! /~i!~ ::.,-.,~::;~:
balance of the GR&DC Work Programme i.e. that which is not funded
by Group companies on an 'allocation - formula' basis, is shown in
in the sister document entitled "Product Technology and Technical
~::~i Services - Programme and Resource Allocation 1984". This was approved
~;~.,~In content by the~i~n~J~be~and a summary of the budget -:-
is given in Appendix FI. '-
November, 1983
1.
Ob
SUMMARY OF RESOURCES ALLOCATED TO THE GROUP R&D PROGRAMME
AND TO PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICAL SERVICES
Group R&D Programme
Biological Research
Smoke Research
Smoker Behaviour
Flavour Research
Process Research:
Physical Properties of Tobacco
Chemistry of Processing &
Expansion Studies
Novel Cigarette Technology
Analysis & Test Method
Development
Specialist Resources
Totals
Product Technology & Technical Services+
Total++
Direct Effort*
Graduate Assistant
Years Years
3 14
6 12
7 9
8 13
S 5
5 3
I 5
2 6
4
41 67
'12 12
• 53 79y'
Total Revenue**
( 000)
1984 1985 1986
869
11224
1152
1112
616
731
433
407
539
76~0
7083 7200 7200
I.:Z-~
1 2151 2100 2100
9234 9300 9300
I
All revenue figures are in 1984 terms. ~'~
NOTES: *These figures show the number of man-years specifically allocated to
the Work Programmes. Seconded Personnel, Administration and Technical
Support Staff are excluded.
**In addition to the cost of Direct Effort, the Total Revenue includes
both specific costs (e.g. Contracts, Leaf, Travel) and an allocation of
Administration, Site Services, Depreciation, etc.
+Details in sister document.
++Staff numbers for the Group R&D Programme do not necessarily
correspond with the names given on pages v and vi - because
in some cases fractional staff effort has been allocated from
or to Product Technology & Technical Services.
© t983 British American Tobacco Co. Ltd. This rnus¢ not be copied or sllnwn to un2uthofised
persons.
Ul
h.w
¢=
• Technical Supporl
::.Management Support
Hon-Technical Supportc (Allocated)
chnology & Technical Services
Effort
71 . 208
~AND TOTAL
NOTES: 1.
; i-.....~ .. 279 Man Years
-.. . .
Technical Support provided by Ceni~ral Analytical Service,
Statistics & Computing and Sample Manufacture.
Non-Technical Support from Accounts, Administration, Engineering/
Workshops, Catering, Security, Stores and Library/Information.
"4."
~Patents ',=~ ..... ~,: Planning - " "
K.J.H. P.H. Gannaway
,6. ~nith
RESEARC"I
R.R. Baker
.~:~ BEHAV TOUR
Read
" • :"'T '-'*'~;~f~ - ....""
':~'~ RESEARCH
R.A. Crei ]in
Future
Technologtes
:K.D. Kilburn
Spect al
Projects
H,G, Horsewel 1
- -.
-:::~;. -. .....
-Physics
R.G. llook
-Chemistry
-Expansion
R.W. Hedge
~(~:?~-~ ,. .
-tiovel
Cigarette
Technolog)
O.A. Luke
"Secondary
--,Automation
R.G. Bryant
SCIENTIFIC
SUPPORT ..
R. Binns
, --, ,
• r
. o
DEVE I.OPHEIIT
.II.F.D. D~mond
I
Library and
--Information
F. Marsh
__Computing
D.B. Mullen
r,
- SI[E
AD~INISTRAT ION
~,J. Hardwick
Admi ni st rati on
JEngineering
-'-R. Smurthwa!te
iPersonnel
--M.S.R. Douglas
sample " " " . . ..
--Manufacture
J.F.K. McCreadie
Statistics
"--E.B. Wilkes
Sensory
--Testing
B.C. Harding
Flavour
Manufacture
PRODUCT I
TECHNOLOGY J
& TECHN ICA[J
SERV ICES 'J
Product .
--Development
T, Hirji ".:
Psychology '
-'-R,P, Ferris
Sidestreaml
--Special ,~,
Projects ~
W.D.E. Irwi
GR&DC PROFESSIONAL STAFF
<- , ,
- : >
SPECIALIST RESOURCES '.:.
Future Technologies:-- Dr. K.D. Kilburn
.'~ .:.,::-.:!~ .. ::..~_~..~--.... /.. ....
Special Projects: :,.~,.~-~,-~. H.G. Horsewell
"o
A.G. Barnes*
Dr. P.C. Bevan
Dr. G.A. Few
"Dr. J.D. Green
T.G. Mitchell
Dr. P.S. Stewart
Dr. T.W. Tolman
A.N. Other
.,,,; :,~. ... - ..
PRODUCT"TECHNOLOGY
MANAGER: ~!~:-...~<t~:~:~,i~ A.L. Heard
Manager: .,4-~-:~:~,Dr. T. Hirji
• ~:~"'~°,-~,-~,.~-~."~-- '~ ~':;~- E. Alty
• ~:~,' .. "- -!~,'-. :;': ;-,,: ~ .... ' ..... " N. Bruce-Miller
"~~:~#:y~L~ " ":: " D.E. Creighton
..... - " ur. C.C. Greig
• Dr. C.R. Jenkins
A.G. Stephenson
.<
Psychology**
Manager:
R.P. Ferris
Dr. L. Miller
Dr. L. Sumiga
Sidestream
Manager:
W.D.E. Irwin
SPECIALIST RESOURCES (see also above)
International and
Specialist-
Committees
Smoking issues
Patents
Dr. S.R. Evelyn
Dr. R.E. Thornton
K.J.H. MacL~an
Planning
P.H. Gannaway
.,%
.._.~
.:",.v
~ ~" ........ ,on return from secondment overseas.
,,~.
**A significant proportion of staff time will be allocated to_research, in close , .
~ "~'~'~:: r :" association with Smoke Research (Work Area 02) and Smoker Behaviour (Work Area"(~
•, ~:~.: ....
...-. ~. :.. i ':!, ~,~.~ ... _~, ~,~
6R&DC PROFESSIONAL STAFF (CONTD.)
. . -..>,:,>.~-..~ ..... . ...... . . . .
..... ,~e.~,aa >- ,: ~,-,~ "~"' : SUPPORT
PROCESS RESEARCH ~.o,,ee~,-~....~5.~,,:.,- SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH MANAGER: Dr. M.J. Hardwick .~-e
RESEARCH MANAGER: Dr. R. Binns
ANALYSIS & TEST METHOD
DEVELOPMENT .=, . . -.-
Group Leader: ... H.F.D. D~mond
.... :' :"~ C.L. Proctor
':-#' , .... '", W.J. Roles
Statistics -',- E.B. Wilkes
,Computin9 .i: D.B. Mullen
.- ,. ---~- B.M. Watts "
Hhrarv & "..~ " ~'- :'
Information . Dr. F. Marsh
• .; °
Flavour
Manufacture :-
J.F.K. McCreadie
• .. .. " .._
• °-'• i
Z
!.
D
L
g~O'l;OO&l;~
_.-.
..
• .°
i
WORK AREA 01
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
GROUP LEADER: G. SMITH
f
80%
I
01 PARAMETERS
AFFECTING THE
BIOLOGICAL
ACT IV ITY
OF SMOKE
(PROJECT RIO)
60%
[Ol(a)
|Cigarette
--|composition
|and
[construction
.15%
lOt(b)
_ Activity
of smoke
components
-02
5%
lot(c) )
--|Smo k i n g
EPattern
I
" 15%
I
DEVELOPMENTi
OF SHORT
TERM TESTS
10%
TOTAL STAFF: 3 Graduates
14 Assistants
EXTERNAL CONTRACTS: £91,000 (1984)
FO2(a)
IMutageni city
-lof whole smoke
Land vapour phase
5%
02(b)
Enzyme
induction
model
related to
cancer
' I
5%
I
04 CONSULTANTSi
03 HUMAN i
STUDIES
FO3(a) "I
-|Smoking ano
Lbodyweight
103(b) }
--I Lung
Ipermeabi I i ty
o3(c)
Development
-- of
athero-
[sclerosis
_[04 ( a ) ]
IMutageni city
[Prof. B- Bridges
[04(b) _
--IHistopathology
[Mr. D. Walker
cn
~b
c~
