The Role of Smoking Behaviour in Sensory Evaluation Paper 4.

Product Design

The Role of Smoking Behaviour in Sensory Evaluation Paper 4.

Date: 1994
Length: 19 pages
505303409-505303427
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Abstract

Report to assess the influence of product design/delivery on smoking behavior and how changes in smoking behavior influence perceived sensory response, providing a link between standard smoke/ physical measures and sensory responses. Assesses effects of changing rod density on sensory and behavioral responses. Concludes increased rod density increases pressure drop with minimal effects on per puff deliveries of tar and nicotine, insignificant changes in strength attributes, and significantly increased perceived mechanics (draw resistance). Notes smokers "decreased the amount of work done during the puff when faced with lower density products." Describes study to determine if light versions of products are perceived as milder. Concludes that when pressure drop of light cigarette is higher, smoking behavior results in equivalent puff volumes and relative difference in deliveries (Marlboros), whereas light cigarette with lower pressure drop results in greater puff volumes and reduced or no difference in delivery (SE555). Assesses impact of ventilation levels. Finds increased ventilation results in increased puff count, volume, duration, and reduced pressure drop. Notes behavioral changes may be due to reduced smoke deliveries, reduced pressure drop, or combination.

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Fields

Rank: 1
Author: Batco; Thorne-n
Hypothesis: Design changes over time
Changes in cigarette design over the past half century.; FTC machine testing and ratings
Design changes to achieve altered FTC smoke machine tar and nicotine ratings, with or without measured changes in human intake.; Inhalation Profile
Are cigarettes designed to cater to individual inhalation profiles?; Low-yield cigarettes
Modification of low yield products to assure that adequate levels of nicotine delivery are maintained, and effects of yield changes on toxicity and dependence.; Measuring human smoking behavior
Measuring the effects of changes in human smoking behavior on intake of nicotine and smoke constituents.; Use of filters, paper, and ventilation
Modification of tobacco products through use of filters, paper, and ventilation, and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.; Elasticity and Product Control; Sensory targeting
Targeting of smokers through changes in sensory characteristics; Sensory effects
Technologies used to measure, control, or alter sensory effects
Keyword: Puff volume (Puff amount); Puff pressure; Puff duration (Puff length); Puff flow-rate; Behavioral effects (Behavioral pharmacology)
Addiction behavior, withdrawal, and measured nicotine effects; Puff parameters; Sensory response; Impact (Throat grab); Irritation (Attribute measure); Flavor (Taste); Strength attributes
Design Component: Pressure drop (PD, Resistance to draw (RTD), Flow rate or Draft); Blend density (Rod density); Filter ventilation (Filter vents, air vents); Tobacco weight; Interpuff interval
Prototype: SE555
Technology/Method: Transducer
Subject: Filters (Design); Tobacco Weight (Design); Density (Design); Ventilation (Design); Pressure Drop (Design); Compensation (Measures); Puff Parameters (Measures); Puff Count (Measures); Sensory Effects—Taste (Effects); Effects—Smoking Behavior (Effects); Test/Inhalation (Testing); Test/Smoking Behavior (Testing); Low Yield Cigarettes (Products)
Brand: Marlboro (PM)

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84 PAPER 4 THE ROLE OF SMOKING BEHAVIOUR IN SENSORY EVALUATION N Thorne (BATCo) The methods and techniques used in the measurement of smoking behaviour are described in this presentation Smoking behavicur techniques provide a measure of Now the smoker interacts with the product in terms of Number of puffs Puff Volumes Puff Pressures Puff Flow-rates Puff Durations Three examples are given to illustrate the value of linking conventional sensory panel evaluations with behavieural measures The results of these exercises demonstrate that smoking behaviour data can provide an explanation of sensory results particularly when products differing iR physical specifications e g density pressure drop elc are considered @ 1994 BAT Co. Ltd. Do not copy or show to gnauthorised persons 505303409

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85 PAPER 4 SMOKING BEHAVIOUR WHAT IS IT ? A MEASURE OF HOW THE SMOKER INTERACTS WITH THE PRODUCT IN TERMS OF : Number of puffs Puff Volumes Puff Pressures PuffFIow-ratcs PuffDurations WHY DO 1T ? CHANGES IN PRODUCT DESIGN/DELIVERY CHARACTERISTICS CAN INFLUENCE SMOKING BEHAVIOUR. CHANGES IN SMOKING BEHAVIOUR CAN INFLUENCE PERCEIVED SENSORY RESPONSES. THUS SMOKING BEHAVIOUR INFORMATION CAN PROVIDE A LINK BETWEEN STANDARD BLEND / SMOKE / PHYSICAL MEASURES AND SENSORY RESPONSES. -• 5 : k ~¸ ~•x ~ ~ 50, 03410

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PAPER 4 SMOKING BEHAVIOUR METHODOLOGY 1. Cigarettes aClached to orifice type cigarette holders - Diameter of orifice 2ram which does not add significemt ly to total p.d of the cigarette. 2. Holder attached to two pressure transducers to measure : - Differential pressure across holder which is convertcd to ~w-rates. - Negative pressure generated hi the mouth during the puff 3. The transducer output~ are interfaced to A/I) convertors in the smoking behavlour computer 4. g paws of transducers stmullzaleously mcmtored by the computer• 5 Computer creates diglfised files of flows and pressures for each puff taken on all 8 pods 6 Recording system produces Puff-by-Puff oalputs fiFom all 8 ports 7 Digidsed files can he used to drive a 'slave smoking machine' to provide measures of NFDPM, nicotine and water deliveries 1o each smoker. H; • • 50,5 q03411

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87 PAPER 4 SMOKING BEHAVIOUR PARAMETERS 1. PUFF NUMBER 2. PUFF VOLUMES 3. PUFF DURATIONS 4 IlqTERPUFF INTERVALS 5. INTEGRATED PUFF PRESSURES - i.e, area under the puff pressure - puffduration curve. 6 LIT TOTAL CIGARETTE PRESSURE DROP 7 MAXIMUM PUFF FLOW-RATE 8 MAXIMUM PUFF PRESSURE 9 TIMES TO MAXIMUM PUFF FLOWS AND PRESSURES DATA EXPRESSED ON BOTH A PER PUFF AND PER CIGARETTE BASIS. 5o53oa4

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88 P~PER EFFECTS OF CHANGING ROD DENSITY ON SENSORY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES 1. OBJECTIVE TO DETERMINE EFFECTS OF INCREASING AND DECREASING ROD DENSITIES OF 15mg VIRGINIA PRODUCTS ON SENSORY AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES 2. SAMPLES MADE FROM VIRGINIA BLEND 238 IDEN FICAL PAPERS AND FILTERS USED IN ALL SAMPLES 3. DENSITIES CHANGED BY INCREASING AND DECREASING WEIGHTS OF TOBACCO IN THE RODS• 4. FOUR SAMPLES PRODUCED : Control sample F215 - 244mg/cc High Density P216 - 260mg/cc Low Density F217 - 223mg/cc Low Density F218 - 204mg/cc 5. SENSORY RESPONSES ASSESSED BY OMEGA PANELLISTS IN 3 PAIRED COMPARISONS - CONTROL SAMPLE F215 USED IN EACH TEST. 6 BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES MEASURED USING 20 SMOKERS WITH EACH SAMPLE SMOKED IN DUPLICATE ogatxa4

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89 PAPER 4 DENSITY VARIANTS - 15mg VIRGINIA PRODUCTS Physical Specifications F215 F216 F217 F218 Blend 238 +WTS 238+WTS 238+WTS 238+WTS Cig weight 953 1010 891 834 (rag) Density 244 260 223 204 (m¢/c¢~ Paper Perm 80 80 80 80 CORESTA Total P.D 124 140 113 100 (mmWg) Filter P.D 66 71 68 67 (mmWg) Rod P.D 58 69 45 33 (mmWg) : / i!!¸ i 5053034A4

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PAPER DENSITY VARIANTS -15m~; VIRGINIA SAMPLES Smoke Deliveries F215 F216 F217 F218 Density 244 260 223 204 ~m~cc) PMWNF 17.0 16.5 16.1 15.0 (mgtcig~ Nicotine 1,45 1.4l 1.32 1.23 (mg/cig) CO 18.5 18,6 18.2 16.9 (mWclg) Puff 10.0 ILl 9.1 8.1 number PMWNF 1.70 1,49 1.77 1.85 Nicotine 0.145 0.127 0.145 0.152 (mR/puff) 5osaoa415

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~ ;i!!i i¸ ! ! ,i~ 91 PAPER 4 Sensory effects of changing rod density % change relative to control sample F215 Control density 244mg/cc % change 20 10 0 F216 260mg/cc F217 223mg/cc F218 204mg/cc Mful F Amp T. Irr Impact

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ii "!~ PAPER 4 Behavioural effects of changing rod density % change relative to control sample F215 % change 10 0 -10 Control density 244mg/cc -20 _ oL Puff No Puff Dur Lit P.D Puff Vol Int Press F216 260mg/cc F217 223mg/cc F218 204mg/cc

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93 PAPER 4 DENSITY VARIANTS 15mi~ VIRGINIA SAMPLES CONCLUSIONS 1. Reducing rod density decreased total cigarette p.d, and increasing rod density increased total p.d. 2. Rod density changes produced minimal effects on per puff deliveries of nicotine and NFDPM. 3. Changing density produced minimal and insignificant effects on strength attributes i.e impact, irritation and flavour amplitude. 4. Changing density and total p.d significantly influenced perceived mechanics i.e draw effort and resistance. 5. Changing density and total p.d had minimal effect on puff volumes. 6. Decreasing density and total p.d did not influence puff volume, but decreased puff duration and integrated puff pressure. 7. One can thus conclude that smokers decreased the amount of work done during the puff when faced with lower density products. 8. The sensory and behaviour responses were compatible. ?( S05 0,3418

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