Product Design
Aries Reassesment - Status As of 10/26/280
Abstract
Summarizes Project Aries research and presents detailed status reports regarding: radical cigarette designs, sensory profiles, smoking behavior, smoke chemistry, mouthpieces and cigarette assembly.
Fields
- Author
- Reynolds, Martin Lance (BW Director of Research)Also served as Director of Product Development.
- Recipient
- Bryant, Herman G. "Butch", Jr. (L&M; BW Chemist on XA, Palladium; R&DE Design)Dr. H.G. Bryant worked in Research and Development of Liggett Group, Inc. in 1977. (N.M., L & M Liability Notebook, Section 3, Personnel List)
- Deines, Perston, Dr. (Former B&W scientist)
- Gordon, David L. (BW RD&E Project Planning Manager 1985)Defense
- Halverstadt, Dale A.Senior Process Engineer
- Jewell, John N. (BW Manufacturing VP 1993)Department Head Process
- Johnson, Robert R. (B&W Chemist from 1964-1988)Robert Johnson was a B&W Chemist from 1964-1988. (Source: NM Tobacco Companies Personnel List)
- Kohnhorst, Earl E. (BW President of US Business)Earl E. Kohnhorst was the Director of Research for Brown & Williamson. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996). In 1994, Kohnhorst was Executive vice president and chief operating officer of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. (LAT 8/2/94). He was also vice president for research, development and engineering, BWT in 1985. (LAT 8/2/94). In a 1/17/85 memo, BWT Corporate Counsel J. Kendrick Wells said he had advised Earl Kornhorst, BWT's VP for research, development and engineering, on the need to prune scientific reports from his files. Wells marked certain reports with an X to designate those that were Deadwood in the behavioral and biological studies area. The Janus studies, secret program of biological research on the effects of smoking which showed tumor growth in animals, should be treated as deadwood. These documents should be segregated, boxed and put in the basement for possible shipment to BAT Industries in England, but no one should make any notes, memos or lists of the documents (LAT 8/2/94). Kohnhorst wrote a 4/26/85 letter re: carbon monoxide . It mentions development of Fact cigarette prototype which was designed to deliver low carbon monoxide. It describes shredded dried stems process which results in carbon monoxide reduction (E. Kohnhorst LT 4/26/85).
- Lewis, R.T.
- Porenski, Harry S.Engineering
- Riehl, Tilford F. Jr. (B&W R&D VP)Worked for B&W in the RD&E Department in Development in 1972, Polar Hexane Pyrolasate in 1967, Casing & Flavoring in 1970, and Applied Product Research from 1972-73. Worked as Flavors Supervisor in 1976, was Section Head of Brand Development in 1977, Product Division Head in 1979, and Division Head Product Development from 1980-85. Riehl was Group Development Director in 1985, Director of Research in 1985 and 1986, Director of Product Development in 1987 & 1988, was in the Quality Systems Department in 1990 and Divisional Vice President.
- Hypothesis
- Design changes over timeChanges in cigarette design over the past half century.
- Elasticity and Product Control
- Measuring human smoking behaviorMeasuring the effects of changes in human smoking behavior on intake of nicotine and smoke constituents.
- Use of filters, paper, and ventilationModification of tobacco products through use of filters, paper, and ventilation, and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.
- Use of tobacco processing/ blendsModification of tobacco products through changes in tobacco processing and use of blends, and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.
- Smoke Control
- Sensory targetingTargeting of smokers through changes in sensory characteristics
- Sensory effectsTechnologies used to measure, control, or alter sensory effects
- Keyword
- Attribute perception ratings
- Brand differences
- Consumer acceptability (Consumer preference)
- Delivery modification
- Flavor/ Taste (Attribute measure)
- Human testing
- Irritation (Attribute measure)
- Low delivery (Reduced delivery)
- Market (B&W marketing term)
- Perception of draw
- Puff count
- Puff volume (Puff amount)
- Satisfaction
- Sensory response
- Smoker behavior (Human smoking behavior)Puff parameters, daily intake, etc.
- Tobacco taste (Attribute measure)
- Smoke Constituent
- Nicotine
- Carbon monoxide
- Design Component
- Cellulose acetate filter (CA filter, Conventional filter)
- DIET (Dry ice expanded tobacco)PM @expanded_tobacco especially during 1980's and early 1990's
- Duolite Filter
- Grooved filter
- Paper porosity (Natural permeability or NP)
- Tobacco density (Blend density, rod density)
- Operation/Project
- Project aries
- Subject
- Blends (Design)
- Density (Design)
- Filters (Design)
- Irritation (Effects)
- Low Yield Cigarettes (Products)
- Sensory Effects—Taste (Effects)
- Test/Consumer Preference (Testing)
- Brand
- ARIES
- Camel (RJR)
- Marlboro (PM)
- Viceroy (bw)
- Winston (RJR)
- Winston Ultra Lights
- MARLBORO LIGHTS
Document Images
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BROWN & WILLIAMSON TOBACCO CORPORATION
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT & ENGINEERING
INTERNAL CORRESPONDENCE
TO :
Mr. E. E. Kohnhorst (4)
CC :
Dr. J. N. Jewell
Mr. T. F. Riehl
Mr. R. T. Lewis
Mr. D. L. Gordon
Dr. H. G. Bryant
Dr. W. H. Deines
Dr. R. R. Johnson
Mr. D. A. Halverstadt
Mr. H. S. Porenski
FROM:
DATE:
Mr. M. L. Reynolds
October 28, 1983
SUBJECT: ARIES REASSESSMENT - STATUS AS OF 10/26/280
SUMMARY
Radical Cigarette Designs
Low porosity and Hallmark patterned papers flatten delivery profiles.
Duolite in the mouthpiece improves smoke quality. Variable tobacco
rod densities do not help, although a tobacco filter does.
Or ganglqptic Profiling
Work completed. Current ARIES design has irritation/taste imbalance.
New test planned with tobacco filter.
Smoking Behavior
Work completed. Smokers take bigger, higher velocity puffs on ARIES.
Smaller puffs on Camel.
Smoke Chemistry
Plans agreed with GR&DC and results promised by December i.
Alternate Mouthpieces
Three show some promise. In addition to the tobacco filter, two have
built in programming to reduce deliveries in later puffs.
Mold Finalization
Thirty-two cavity on schedule for December i. Assembly machine trial
on November I.
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C~_~arette Assembl~
Mechanical and electrlcal changes defined for Max S.
hand for "no-banding" trials.
Adhesives on
Detailed reports from project managers and staff are attached.
overall review will be December 2.
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Attachments
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DETAILED REPORTS
Radical Cigarette Designs (DAH/ HSP)
ARIES delivers more tar and nicotine in later puffs than does a
conventionally-filtered cigarette. This is because a tobacco column
delivers increasing tar and nicotine in later puffs due to loss of
paper ventilation and tobacco bed filtration. A cellulose acetate
filter increases in filtration efficiency as the coal approaches the
filter reducing the net effect of increased delivery by the tobacco
column.
Several potential methods of reducing the tar delivery profile of
ARIES have been suggested. A summary of these methods and their
effectiveness is as follows:
Method Effect
Tobacco density profile
Low + High
Elevates first puff strength -
later puffs slightly stronger
than ARIES.
High + Low
Ineffective - little change
from current.
Paper porosity
Low porosity increases strength
of initial puffs. Couple with
increased tip ventilation for
improved profile.
Longer lasting blend
Slight reduction in profile.
,/ "Hallmark" pattern in
last half
Virtually duplicated Marlboro
Lights delivery profile.
I~olite
Minor change (reduction) in
profile probably due to
filtration. Reported large
subjective change.
Low nicotine blends
Over-dried or DIET results in
fast-burning high delivery
tobacco. Need to couple with
CODEVAC to properly affect
profile.
CODEVAC
Slight reduction with blends
tried to date.
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S_usy~arY
The most promising avenues for reduced tar delivery profile are:
1. Low porosity paper
2. "Hallmark" patterned paper treatment
3. Duolite-containing filter/mouthpiece.
Other methods offer less benefit and are much more difficult to
implement.
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.Organo_leptic Profiling" Camel Plain and the Effects of Ventilation~
A RIES--~_~ Filtratign__t and Filtration/Ventilation (WHD)
A pilot test among Dupont smokers of full flavor filter and plain end
cigarettes suggests that ARIES-I smoke is most similar to that from a
ventilated plain end cigarette. However, it does differ from the
ventilated plain and even more so from the other cigarettes tested in
having more irritation, less tobacco taste, and/or more irritation per
amount of tobacco taste. Product maps from the two groups of smokers
appear in Figures 1 and 2.
Further, results from acceptability rating indicate the smokers of
filter cigarettes liked filtered (ventilated or unventilated) smoke
better than that from ARIES or plain end (ventilated or unventilated);
plain end smokers liked unventilated plain end smoke most and ARIES
least. See Figure 3 for results from this experimental test procedure.
Judgments were based only on the first third of each cigarette.
Details are appended.
Subsequent discussions with panelists showed that plain cigarette
smokers perceive filters as reducing taste, filter cigarette smokers
perceive filters as reducing harshness.
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Test Details
APPENDIX
Regular smokers of full flavor filter cigarettes (10) and plain end
cigarettes (8) evaluated the following six cigarettes in a pilot study:
Expected
- Description Construction P_D Vent.
Tar
Unfiltered/unventilated/ Camel Plain
plain end
2.5 -- 18.5
Unfiltered/ventilated/
plain end
Camel Plain + j l.7
ventilation
37 11
Unfiltered/ventilated/
ARIES I
Filtered/ventilated/
ARIES appearance
Filtered/ventilated/
conventional CA
appearance
Filtered/unventilated/
conventional CA
appearance
Camel Plain +
ventilated ARIES
I mouthpiece
Camel Plain + 4.3
ventilated CA
filter + short
ARIES mouth end
cap i
Camel Plain + "" 4.8 '~
ventilated CA
filter
J
Camel Plain + J 4.3
unventilated ....
CA filter
1.5 57 I0
22 10-11
I~ 14
16.5
Participants were asked to focus ~ on smoke properties and to
ignore any visual, tactile,, and draw differences. They were also
permitted only to smoke the first third of each cigarette.
First, they made replicate ratings of each cigarette for impact,
irritation, tobacco taste, bitterness, "taste/irritation balance,"
aftertaste, and similarity to "what they are used to".
In the second phase of testing, they rated the acceptability of each
cigarette, again based on smoke properties.
Results
Figure A-I shows attribute rating results from the two groups of
smokers. Bitterness is deleted because it failed to differentiate
cigarettes.
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Figures ] and 2, noted earlier, are product maps derived from the
average ratings for impact, irritation, tobacco taste, aftertaste, and
irritation/taste balance; the maps are factor score plots.
Figure 3 shows how the two groups rated acceptability of the six
cigarettes.
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