Tobacco Documents Online

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER Zizt:Ln6 most of the conpounds which have been r~por~ad togather 'trl..th each iaform- tion about theAr taste and phyaiological propertlea as' can be briefly stated. Zn all cases the concentrations are well within the t~xio ll~it and what is lacking frc~a ore" point of viev is the effect of long confirmed absor~on of these materia~ eratlon of sm~e co~tit~nts. It is one of t ~ts at w~ch, ~espectlve of ~i t~t ~s ~en p~ce ~evlo~ ~th respect to ~n~act~e per 80, a de~ee of con~ol can ~ ~erc~ed over ~e c~racter of the ~ke. ~ ~s~ ..... oo~equence of vario~ c~es in leaf c~osi~ion. The trigger to tha process of smoke generation is, of c~se, t~ zone of o~ion. A t~rat~e in the neigh~rhood of ~ is reached (or ~intained) ~ t~ ~e as a co~equence o~ v~ch ~actAca~y a~ of the ~ga~c ~tter not ~io~ vo~t~ized ~ o~ ~a~ or another is b~nsd ~ othe~se de.stied. T~ ~ne not o~y f~shes a p~ion of the am~e co~tituents a~ ~ssi~y tbe ~¢lei for s~osequent ~rticls fo~tion ~t also provides the heat for the ther~l decathlon a~ d~tillation pr~esses t~t take place f~thor do~ the cigarette ~rd the ~uth e~. ~ factors, it is to ~ exacted, enter into the act~l ~ess t~ p~ce ~t~ t~s glo~ area and several qf them wo~d se~ to be p~sic~ st~ct~e of the cone w~ch gover~ the ~th ~ wMch air is ~ra~ ~ to ~o~de the essential ~on for the co~tion process. T~s ~iI dete~ ~t

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER i~"~is a gradual change going fr~ the area of active oxidation in the glowing cons to .that of thermal degraoation. There ~ust, however, be a ae~blance of a boundary defined by the butt end of the glowing section which would provide smm Justifica ticn disc sion of on sis. We can oz~ly speculate on the nature of the reactions ta~ing place in this region. Very probably the carbohydrate ~atter undergoes dehydration and certain portions of the protein ~olecules are brcken off and become incorporated in t~ smoke strea~. The iLl,her hoilin~ resir~ and £atty ~terials ~ay be l~7drolyzed and otherwise cleaved with subsequent oxidation to smaller molecules. Since there ~ be water vapor present at an elevated temperature the possibility that it enters into chemical reaction ~ust ha strongly suspi~ionsd. This is the area in ~hlch the chemical reactions m~t be extremely complex but also it is of such a nature tl~t experinents could probably be designed to reveal the behavior o£ the ~rinus known loaf constituents to this type of process. Undoubtedly, a great deal could be learned if the proger talent is emplvyed to shed so~e light on'~hat is taking Tho temperature of the gas stre~ appears to decrease ~atber rapidl~V once ~t has left the glowing area° The charrin~ that is evident does not extend into the body of the cigarette ~uch beyond the burning end of the cigarette which indicates t~t the temperature falls very rapidly to a point at ~hich its action is essentially llrAite~ to evaporation of the more Volatile constituents. Nicotine has been shown to Underco distillation, degradation, and prohabl~ co~.~tion. Tho behavior of nicotine is, of course, cemplicated bp the fact that it is a base, subject to salt for~tlon, both in the tobacco and in the s~oke, v. a ~ense, ho~eve~ it is typical of a number of leaf and additive constituents of

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(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER tobacco smoke is not ch~ca~ly homogeneouS. Xt Yes also deter~Ined that tha • number of smOke particles is of the order o£ 106 to l~9 per ca. frc~ a 35 .'.,: , ilter two second puff. This work of ~bbs is e~re~ly interesti~ to us at ~o~ & Willia~on ,~ cloy of its ~llcatio~ ~th reseat ~ the ~rfo~ncs of falter tips. PXs resets ~o ~t ~press ~ as bein~ concl~ive a~ certai~ ~e ~ve seen nothi~ "in ~ ~ ~r~ents t~t ~o~d support the ~ev ~t the che~cal com~sltion of. "~ha various sizes of partlc~es is not u~orm. ~uch ~ack of hc~sn~ity, i~ it exists, is to the best of our present knowledge not of .s~ficient ~agnitude to anticipate a selective chemical separation by a mechanical filter. The particulate ~attcr most cartainl'ym~kes up tim bu~k of the smoke and ~ the non-condensibles on a ~ei~ht basis are a very ninor portion ~nd we can visualize, o~y e limited number of specific substances as bein~ present. The nora important components are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a portion of the methyl alcohol~ acetaldabyde, formaldehyde, formic acid, an~ certain low moleuclar weicht nltro~en components that escape condensation on the particles.

U(]NFIDENTIAL-MINNI~'SOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION

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(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER axperi~nts reported bear little relat£onahip one to another add serve only to ... indicate an order of magnitude of the various c~r~tituenta. This smoke, made up of products, of inc~nplete cc~bustion, pyrol~V~is and volatilization of tobacco, is largely in the form of liquid l~rtioles containing . dissolved or dispersed solid matter. When condensed it has a dark color a~d a salve like consistency. In normal smokir~ without i~halation sc~eth~ i~ the ~elgh~o~- hood of 5 to 15% of this particulate matter cor~enses i~ %he o~'al cavity. The . a~ou~t retained ~y ~he i~divi~u~l increases sharply with i~c~eaaed i~lalzlo~ a~A is reported to reach a ~ of al~ost 100%. The whole apprnsch to tobacco smoke analysis has taken a variety of forms. .. The ~ifficulties of deali~ with a mixture of several hundred cc~pounds have been =~ ' " ' trenendous and the results in many cases vague. At the present ti~e nicotine is " . perhaps the single specific compound for which an effective laboratory methnd is ~. ,, available. Others have been devised but these are so ti~e co~su~ and com~lex~ that, as a basis for continuous investigations, they are oflittle value. They have, however, been extremely useful in developing an understandi~ of the quali- tative composition of smoke and have given indication of the order of magnitude of numerous constituents. Xt has been passible in the past to a~criha greater signif- iccnce to tho results of such gross determinstions of which total ~olatile base, total volatile acids, pH, and tars are typical. ~radford and his associates in studies on volatile bases and acids of tohacco '~ smoke obtained the followinE results ~or total nitrogen, nicotine, and total volatile ~ases. The figures are in rag. per liter of smoke.