Tobacco Documents Online

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B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER S:-:CKE GO.~STIT~TS A.~ Tb~ Pd~I~TIO!~ TO .~UAL~Y ~RISTCL CO.~F~.E~DE APRrr- 195~ I, W, Tt~I~R, DD~CT~R (~ ~Fa~!~H l~/I; & W~L~.~ISON TOBACCO C(ItPCRATIO~!

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER T~B~E OF CONTENTS Page DISCI~SIONI S~ CO~'~TITb'F~'~S AND TH~ KELATION TO QUALITY ......................... 1 - 13 ~troduction • • . . The Physiology of Tobacco Smoke Constituents.. .... 4 The Formation of ~oke ................. Physical ~asure~ents of Tobacco Smoke ......... ii II. A REVI~ CF S(I.~. PER~TI.WE!~ FACTS CO!EEF~NING CH~.~CAL ANALYSIS AI~ QUALITY .................... 14 - 26 III. A~IX Table I. Tobacco Smoke Constituents (Including ~blio~rap~, Thereto)

CONFIDENTIAl. MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION "~~.,~...~ ~

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER ~. ~. The research oepartments tb~t exist within the tobacco industry are largely ~i~'~~:~ .devoted to such projects as can he Justified within the concept of developing a "~::~'~'~ :~'technolo~ical improvement. An important consideration has been the possibility of i.: )~(~!'.:'~econc~ic advantage to he derived frc~ such a pro~ram. It is within this pattern ! . ' ~i'-' tk~t such ~ork on s~oke constituents has be6n c~nsi~ered in the past. Igithln recent ,: ! irC,~' -~:~ ::.i '.. monthe, he,ever, for those of us ~ho have ~en in the thick of the present contro- ~'~ ~, '~" versy on the health aspect~ of smoki~, another facet of the industry'e interest ~ '~' "~ has become evident that involved also the has been It increasir~ly ~e .~ ~oral rsspor~ibillty, legal necessity and the technologi'c21 importance of a further end more basic ~nderstandin~ o£ the nature of our products. ~ ~illions of are no~ ~In~ s-ant, a~ ~ ~llAo~ more are ~i~ lost t~o~h ~ecreas~ sales l~rEe~ ~ca~o the scient~ic facts are lack~ to ~ck up a d~i~tive statement . regar~i~ the ~t~e of ~ pr~ucts. It ~tters not t~t ~ of o~ oppo~nts ~e largely irrospo~i~e in the~ pu~ic prono~c~ents for they imve capitalized not so ~ch on their scient~ic fi~s ~t on the fa~ t~t we ~re ~-~e~red to meet a cimllo~e. ~ respo~i~ty ~s never more clear, a~ the sit~tlon mere~ tends to emphnsize the ~no~ance of ~intai~ a ~d, obJe~ve outlook Thi~ responsibility is not only to the public the industry serves, but also to ourselves so t~:at ~o, and not the Win~ers~ the Grahams, the Hills and the Dolle~ are the ones who can .~a.~e aauthorlta~ive" statements regardin~ tobacco. Quality, as it has been vieued historically, relates to such taste and factors as mil~ness, body, flavor, aro~, strength, satisfaction and so fo~h. su~ ~ot~l of ti~cse adds up to eajoy~ent of the act end after effects of ~moking.

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER ~. . It i8 perhaps i~possible to delia; q~lity ~ ta~ of ~he ~e~ia~e taste res~e ..v~n ~ ~v t~t includ~ ~so are n~ero~ ~siolo~ical a~ psycholo~cal ~ of an ~efine~ ~g~tude va~i~ ~th the iudivi~'~l a~ tha circ~- 0~o~ the role ~ the cicarette to a person In a ~ht spot ~ith gay ~ic, ~hter~ gaiety, and ~ a~a~e of ~coho~c ~Verage is q~te d~ferent t~t to s~eone ~ssi~ a restf~ eve~ at h~e ~fore the fire ~th a go~ book. Another mental picture we all have is of the student or ~riter stru£gllng - ~;far into the night on a ~ifficult mental probler~, in the course of which he cor~es a surprislng~ larv.e ~-,~ber of cigarettes. ~ether there is one single or a~y co~binstion of specific £n~redients in smoke, that constitutes the c~m~on demon£na- for of smoking satisfaction, strikes me as being highly i~ro~ble. • ~ Quality in ter~s of the c~nplete consumer response is a vest field 8ese~v our serious consideration, if not our aggressive investi~atlon, l~e are bound, however, to a~opt the approach that the initial and the most i~portant appeal of a '""~ cigarette lies in the or~.anoleptic response. Our tools for measurement, crude as '~i they are, are the best we have been able to employ thus far. This is, nevertheless ~ered~y an interin ~eans of dealing uith the problem and we must ever be alert to the " pOssibility that ~e may find a measurable p~siolo~ical or psycholocical response !' that is of equal or even greater significance than taste. The cardiovascular elf acts ~ of nicotine, for example, are well recognized a~d o~ significant ~agnitude ao that £t has been possible in recent years to relate this response to the campnsition of the cigarette and its smoke. There has been Sncreesing evidence of interest on the

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER feel very strongly t~t the tobacco indus, try will in the future be ~hese substances and their specific biological action in the q~mntitiee involved. If we learn that an~ of them are a source of ill-effects we will ~ant to learn also how the methods of manufacture o£ cur products can be modifie~ to eliminate or reduce the~ to tolersble amo~mts. Our knowledge of the qualitative presence of a host of specific chemicals will be of little value until we reduce our technics to a ~uan~i- gative basis and develop our understanding of their physiological s±£nlficanco. Ctu" exploration of tobacco smoke co:~tltuents is only ~mlf t.he b~ttla. Not only do we want to develop our technics for manufzctu~e to brin~ out the good and eliminate the poorer constituents, but our .advancinC toc}~ical information vltinately be aimed at direotlng .breeding studies to the production of such variotie~ with de~ermlnahla~ favorable characteristics. I~e have alrcady seen such developments ta~e ~lace An the case of low r~Lcotina tobacco,, but, unfortunately, it has to date been difficult to deal effectively with other important considerations in developing an othar~r~so satisfactory varLaty. ~sse~ upon s~oki~ tests i~ |~s ~en almost i~possible to assign degrees of poor q"."lity so timt havAn~ ac]rLuved thc objective ~ of low nicotine the breeders are stymied in their attempts to incorporate oth.r ~ desirable characteristics for lack o£ a pard stick. ~: called upon for infer:ration relatl~a to the physiological com~equence of the presence, ~.. " of ~a~ of the smoMe constituents. There is no need for alarm for there is a long r" '~:" ~ietor~r of tho safe and pleasurable use of tobacco and such ill-effects as ~ay be ': ':~/~ associated with ~..~okt~ are of a ~tnor or tra~itory n~ttu'e. ~kOloal science has, oint ~here the well-bein~ of the individual over and " ' ,., above hie ~eneral good health are bain~ given increased consideration. Hsr~v of the • ''~"- • :reporta~ constituents of snake are ~f a nature to lead one to believe they are of physiological si~niflcance. In tlu~ we uill want to develop further knowledge of

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER

(B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER upper eyelid ~o,~brane of the rabbit. (~dly enough the results using the t~o methods u~re not in accord and the eyelid failed to respond to variations i~ the smoke from cigarettes otherwise s~milar except in r~cotlne content. Since the pr~uction e£ a measurable edema of the eyelid uas shou~ to" be characteristic of oi~eretts smoke, this for~ of irritation appears to be different frc~ that tively observed ~ith human subjects. That t1~e rabbit responded to the subJeotive

('B&W) PROTECTED BY MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION PROTECTIVE ORDER but in a significant but a~aller nercentage the reverse effects are observed. The ~'~:~eonstriction results in ~eaeurable temperature decreeees in the extremities, in- ~reaeed pulse rate and blood l~reesure. These effects appear to ~e ~i~ectly related exclusively to the nicotine content of the smoke az~ take place ~ost.lmmediatel~ so that they can be considered within the range of response sNar to flavor sensations. etber these hono ens eseoo sted , th the of nicotine the h~an syste~ ere to be co~sidsrod favorable or unfevorsble quality factors to the best of n~r knowledge cannot be answered at this tins. Ar~t~ that regard ~ould be gross speculation. ~ can vis~allze reasons £or ta~ a ~ o~e side or the other ~t as in ~ questio~ concer~ ~ e~fects of cigarette ~ke there ~s been f~ too ~ch opi~on a~ too little fact, The possible a~algeeic l~roperties of nicotine an~ also ~ ~a~7 other con- stituents is perhaps ~orth exploring. X know of no ~ork that has been dons along this l~ns but from various observations of the comforting effects of seeks, ~ " strongly suspect that is contains s~ethi~ of this nature. ~la~, if n~.t most, of the other constituents of smoke are un~oubted~ of phTslologicel significance in the c.uantities ~reeento The alkaloids related to niceties have been investigated to a iAnlted extent and bear s~e si~arlt7 tO At. The ne~er tobacco strains that are bein~ promote~ in some quarter8 are higher'in nor-nicotine than nicotine content and some specific P~nowle~e of the consequence of this vould be appropriate at this ti~e. As an appendix ~e have presented