Product Design
Proceedings of the Smoking Behaviour-Marketing Conference July 9th-12th, 1984 Session III
Abstract
Summarizes presentations made at the BAT Smoking Behaviour-Marketing Conference in July 1984. Includes discussion of smoking and compensation; smoke elasticity; Passport, a new low sidestream brand being marketed in Canada; potential of nicotine addition to cigarettes; interaction between product development and human smoking behaviour; salivation rates and inhalation of cigarette smoke; and consumer awareness of smoking and health. Notes that "nicotine is both the driving force and the signal (as impact) for compensation in human smoking behaviour." Summarizes a presentation regarding the relationship of nicotine to product acceptability, smoker satisfaction, and physiology, in order to initiate conversation regarding how "to begin to maximise nicotine effects." Determines the acceptability of Aries, a cigarette mouthpiece devised to deliver low tar and high, unfiltered, "'old-fashioned'" tobacco taste; found that smokers could not adjust their smoking behavior to compensate for the device, resulting in ARIES being smoked too intensely and making the smoke too strong, too irritating, and bitter or dirty tasting. Discusses elasticity of a cigarette, the diagnosis of a realistic range of smoking behaviours in order to measure "the amount of smoke a smoker can take out of a cigarette." Contains delineation of introverted and extroverted personality types, ability to manage stress, smoking behavior, and susceptability to a "reward and punishment" system in relation to smoking. Includes diagrams, equations evaluating puff volume, graphs, charts, and copies of slides used in various presentations.
Fields
- Hypothesis
- CompensationIncorporating knowledge of compensation and effects of human smoking behavior into cigarette design.
- Elasticity and Product Control
- Introduction of new/unconventional productsResearch and development of novel nicotine delivery devices and experimental tobacco designs.
- Measuring human smoking behaviorMeasuring the effects of changes in human smoking behavior on intake of nicotine and smoke constituents.
- Smoking psychology and behavior
- Use of additivesModification of tobacco products through use of additives and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.
- Use of filters, paper, and ventilationModification of tobacco products through use of filters, paper, and ventilation, and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.
- Sensory effectsTechnologies used to measure, control, or alter sensory effects
- Keyword
- Aerosol
- Blood nicotine
- Brand switching
- Consumer acceptability (Consumer preference)
- Cotinine
- Depth of inhalation
- Elasticity
- Flavor/ Taste (Attribute measure)
- High impact/low tar
- Impact (Throat grab)
- Low delivery (Reduced delivery)
- Neuropharmacology (Electrophysiology)Receptor, brain, and CNS effects (EEG, trigeminal response, etc.)
- Nicotine delivery (Smoke nicotine or nicotine yield)
- Patents
- Per puff deliveryPer puff tar, per puff nicotine, and per puff CO
- Physiological effects
- Psychological effects (Experimental psychology)Perception patterns, inhalation patterns, and effect on delivery
- Puff duration (Puff length)
- Puff frequency
- Puff volume (Puff amount)
- Receptors
- Satisfaction
- Sensory response
- Sidestream smoke
- Smoking and Health
- stress
- Tar/Nicotine ratio (Nicotine/Tar Ratio or T/N ratio)
- Total particulate matter (TPM or Tar)
- Upper respiratory tract (Mouth, throat)
- Smoke swirl
- Additive
- Nicotine
- Nicotine analogues
- Nicotine-N-oxide
- Potassium chloride
- Smoke Constituent
- Acetylcholine
- Carbon monoxide
- Gas phase nicotine
- Nicotine
- Design Component
- Butt length
- Carbonized filter
- Dry ice expanded tobacco (DIET)Philip Morris @expanded_tobacco especially during 1980's and early 1990's
- Filter ventilation (Filter vents, air vents)
- Filter ventilation (Filter vents, air vents)
- Named Organization
- B.A.T. Industries PLC (BAT)British American Tobacco Industry, parent company of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co. in the U.S.
- BAT-Hamburg
- Brown and Williamson
- Subject
- additives
- Behavioral Effects (Effects)
- Compensation (Measures)
- Effects—Smoking Behavior (Effects)
- nicotine analogues (Technology)
- Novel Cigarette Devices (Products)
- Particle Size (Technology)
- Puff Parameters (Measures)
- Sensory Effects—Taste (Effects)
- Smoothness/Harshness (Effects)
- Ventilation (Design)
- Brand
- Accord (PM)
- ARIES
- Camel (RJR)
- CRAVEN
- *DuMaurier
- EXPORT
- Marlboro (PM)
- MARLBORO LIGHTS
- Matinee
- Passport
- Peter Jackson
- Players (PM)
- ROTHMAN
- SILK CUT
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S E S S I O N Ill
THE BAT STANCE ON COMPENSAIION
SMOKE ELASTICITY
3. PASSPORF: A NEW LOW SIDESTREAM PRODUCT DN THE CANADIAN
MARKET (ITL)
4. NOTES FROM THE GR & DC NICOTINE CONFERENCE
5. POTENTIAL OF NICOTINE ADDITION TO CIGAREIIEB
6. ARIES: CASE STUDY SHOWING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT & HUMAN SMOKING BEHAVIDHR
7. THE ROLE OF RESPIRATORY MEASUREMENTS IN PRODUCT ACCEPFABILITY
8. THE ROLE OF SMOKER-PRODUCT INTERACTIONS IN SUBJECTIVE
ASSESSMENT
UPDATE ON GR & DC STUDIES OF THE RELATIUNSHIPS BETWEEN
SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT AND OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENT
ID. SALIVATION RATES
II. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PSYCHULOGIRAL ASPECIS OF SMOKING
BEHAVIOGR
ID. METHOD FOR MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMER AWARENESS OF
SMOKING AND HEALTH
13. POSSIBLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
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THE BAT STANCE ON COMPENSATION
C.I. AYRES
SUMMARY
To compensate for the low delivery of smoke a consumer can:
a) increase the number of cigarettes he smokes
b) smoke the clgarette and/or inhale the smoke more Intensively.
The stance on smoklng in general Is that it is a matter of adult choice,
follows that the number oF cigarettes smoked Is also a question of adult
choice.
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With all the cigarettes on the market, it is readily feasible for a smoker if
he so wishes, to obtaln a delivery of smoke greater than that recorded %n
standard league tables.
From a research and product development vlewpolnt the proposition of deslgnlng
a cigarette, of hlgh taste to tar ratio, which responds positively to human
smoking behavlour has been agreed to be acceptable. Thls Is necessary If we
are to explore and understand what consumers are seeklno from the cigarettes
they buy.
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DISCUSSION - (Minutes taken by G.O. Brooks)
KEYPCINTS
l) Compensation
There are two general forms of compensation:
a) Number of cigarettes smoked eg. low tar smokers increasing consumption.
b) Pufflng/Inhalation regime eg. increasing or decreaslng/puff volume.
duration, puff frequency, amount inhaled.
D)
BAT Stance on Compensation
With regard to (a). the cholce of number of cigarettes smoked rests with
the consumer and we don directly influence this deelslon tn either
direction.
Compensation by modifying smoking regime (b) Is a topic which Is being
explored at GR & DC and thls includes deslgnlng products which ald smoker
compensation,
The marketing pollcy concerning thls type of product is not clear but it
Is believed it w111 depend largely on the degree of elastlclty In the
design and hew overtly this elasticity Is achfeved. The consensus is that
small improvements ~n elastlc~ty which are less obvious, visually or
otherwise is likely to be an acceptable route.
DISCUSSION
I)
League table deliveries are only a guide and can never be
representative of the multitude of smoking regimes adopted by
individual consumers.
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League table de11verles are obtalned by smoking large numbers of
clgarettes and tndlvldual clgarettes bare dlfferent deliveries even
under standard cond|tlons, Differences In butt length methodologies
also make global comparlson difficult, l.e. 14 mg in Canada could be 16
mg in the USA for regular slze cigarettes.
Compensatlble cigarettes could provide far differing smoker
requirements throughout the day, i.e. higher or lower.
Large changes In delivery are not credible (i.e. I mg machine delivery
giving lO mg through bhe consumer compensation). Better to have a 9 m~
product giving IS mg.
Consumers may have been obtaining 14 16 mg PMWNF (an normal equlvaqent
nlcot~ne delivery) for a very long time, i.e. compensating down to 16
mg when c|garebtes delivered B5 mg and compensatlng up If they are now
smoking a 13 mg. The dlscusslon was based on examples using PMWNF but
It is accepted that nicotine is both the driving force and the slgna]
(as impact) for ccmpensatlon In human smoking behavlour.
Governments and tbelr associated laboratories are aware of compensatlon
but are reluctant to change since they can offer no v~able alternablve
to the present smoklng regime. League tables offerlng data for a range
of smoking parameters would be too difficult for the consumer to
Interpret and would probably lead to even less interest than currently
extsts.
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DISCUSSION - (Minutes taken by E. Koehn)
How is the smoke distribution behind the two Jets?
There are two streams of smoke not swirl. The dlfferent sensory impressions
couid result from the different dlrectlons and a better distribution of the
smoke.
Does Germany have elasticity measurements from all brands?
We have measurements from ma%n competitor brands, from own brands and some new
brands.
We do analyse all our new developed blends at different puff volumes (at least
three, sometimes four different puff volumes: 20, 35, 50, ?D ml). We need
this not only to know the elasticity but also for our design model.
Which product/deslgn properties influence e~asticity?
I.
Tip ventilation: bigger effects at higher degree of ventilation.
Nicrolaser (on-llne as well as off llne) ventilation more effective than
electrostatic ventilation, electrostatic ventilation more effective than
natural porous wrapper.
2~ Delivery of the blend.
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