Product Design
Re: Tar/Nicotine Measurement
Abstract
Attaches procedure for measuring tar and nicotine content from the Tobacco Institute of Japan (TIOJ). Requests review and comments from PMI, RJR, Rothmans and B&W. Identifies measurement of nicotine, and nicotine-free dry particulate matter (tar) in mainstream cigarette smoke. Details selection of cigarette packets, conditioning of cigarettes, selection by weight and draw resistence for average. Specifies butt length as 30 mm and smoking machine as CRT model-8, fixed draw volume with 8 channels. Standardizes puff volume, frequency, duration, number and ambient conditions. Lists glass fiber smoke trap method and Cambridge filter to collect TPM. Gives formulas for determining water content in TPM, nicotine content in TPM, and nicotine-free dry particulate matter (tar)in TPM. Recommends that each member of the TIOJ be informed of all analytical values, nicotine levels, particulate matter, average weight of conditioned cigarettes and average draw resistance. States that published nicotine and tar content will be averages of their analytical values for one year. Recommends that each member of the TIOJ share expenses for the sampling and smoke analysis. Provides for problems concerning method of smoke analysis and official publication of results by member consultation and FTC method as basic standard.
Fields
- Author
- Silverstein, J.
- Recipient
- Woertz, Herb C. (BW RD&E Terminal Operations Director 1990)Director of Technical
- Hoover, Mike (Senior Attorney, International)
- Reynolds, Martin Lance (BW Director of Research)
Also served as Director of Product Development. - Hoover, Mike (Senior Attorney, International)
- Hypothesis
- FTC machine testing and ratingsDesign changes to achieve altered FTC smoke machine tar and nicotine ratings, with or without measured changes in human intake.
- Mainstream constituent yields
Modification of selected mainstream smoke constituents in response to health concerns.- Nicotine transport, transfer, and uptake
Design changes which alter nicotine delivery or effect how the product causes and maintains dependence, including transfer of nicotine from tobacco to smoke, and uptake into the body.- Smoke constituent testing
Development of methods for measurement of gas and particulate yields in mainstream and sidestream smoke. - Mainstream constituent yields
- Keyword
- Nicotine delivery (Smoke nicotine or nicotine yield)
- Puff count
- Puff duration (Puff length)
- Puff frequency
- Puff parameters
- Puff volume (Puff amount)
- Smoke particles
- Total particulate matter (TPM or Tar)
- Nicotine delivery (Smoke nicotine or nicotine yield)
- Puff count
- Puff duration (Puff length)
- Puff frequency
- Puff parameters
- Puff volume (Puff amount)
- Smoke particles
- Tar/Nicotine ratio (Nicotine/Tar Ratio or T/N ratio)
- Total particulate matter (TPM or Tar)
- Puff count
- Smoke Constituent
- Nicotine
- Total particulate matter
- Design Component
- Cellulose acetate filter (CA filter, Conventional filter)
- Nicotine content (Tobacco nicotine content)
Total nicotine in the unburnt tobacco rod - Nicotine content (Tobacco nicotine content)
- Named Organization
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. (Cigarette manufacturer (Camel, Winston, Doral))Cigarette manufacturer (Camel, Winston, Doral)
- PMI (See Philip Morris Inc.)
See Philip Morris Inc.- JTI (Japan Tobacco Inc.)
Japan Tobacco Inc.- Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation (B&W)
Subsidiary of BAT U.S., located in Louisville, KY.- Tobacco Institute of Japan (TIOJ)
- Federal Trade Commission (Enforcement agency for laws against deceptive advertising)
Enforces laws against false and deceptive advertising, including ads for tobacco products. Ensures proper display of health warnings in ads and on tobacco products;collects and reports to Congress information concerning cigarette and smokeless tobacco advertising, sales expenditures, and the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide content of cigarettes. - PMI (See Philip Morris Inc.)
- Subject
- nicotine technology
- Tar (Measures)
- Smoke Constituents
- Smoke Nicotine (Measures)
- Test/Butt Analysis (Testing)
- Test/Smoke Condensate (Testing)
- Test/Smoke Machine (Testing)
- Tar (Measures)
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1994:b6 COLLECTION
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BROWN & WILLIAMSON
TOBACCO CORPORATION
INTERNATIONAL
INTERNAL CORRESPONDENCE
TO:
CC:
H. C. WOERTZ
M. J. Hoover
M. L. Reynolds
M.J.H.
FROM: J. SILVERSTEIN
DATE:
RE :
Tar/Nicotine Measurement
LOUISVILLE
May 15, 1987
Please find attached a proposal from the JTI concerning a
procedure for measuring tar and nicotine within the
Tobacco Institute of Japan (TIOJ). PMI, RJR, Rothmans,
and B&W are requested to review the draft and advise their
comments.
Would you kindly discuss this proposal with the relevant
individuals within B&W and advise a position at the
earliest convenience.
Regards,
J.S. ~,
Attachment
0252p/81
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681588068
FROM JTS OUERSEAS DIU
'87 03~06B 14:52
P. 3
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Procedure for the Determination of Nicotine-free
Dry Particulate Matter (Tar) and Nicotine
in Mainstream Smoke of Cigarettes
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Each member of TIOJ agrees to the followin9 procedure concerning the
official publication of tar and nicotine contents in cigarette
smoke.
i. Sample preparation
I.i Collection and partition of sample cigarettes
• Thirty cigarette packets collected from 30 stations of the
Service Center or Tobacco Center throughout Japan are
sealed off. From each packet, i0 cigarettes are served
for smoke analysis, and the remaining ten cigarettes are
served for reserve.
• If sufficient number of cigarettes for smoke analysis is
not available, the cigarettes for reserve shall be made up
for smoke analysis.
• If sufficient number of cigarettes is still not available,
the range of draw resistance for the cigarette selection
shall be expanded (average draw resistance ~ 10 mm H20).
. The reserved cigarettes are stored for 2 months after
reporting the analytical results.
[noteI Reserved cigarettes shall be used, when
reexamination is necessary.
1.2
1.2.1
Sampling of cigarettes for smoke analysis
Conditioning
Three hundred cigarettes for smoke analysis are
conditioned in the following conditioning atmosphere
before selecting the cigarettes by weight and draw
resistance for smoke analysis•
a. Conditioning atmosphere :
Temperature 20+ I*C
-- #
Relative humidity 60 ~ 5%
b. Conditioning period z 7 days or more
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6818880'70
1.2.2
Selection by weight
• The total weight of i00 clgareŁtes taken at random from
the conditioned cigarettes is measured within ~ 1 mg, and
the average weight of cigarette is calculated.
• The cigarettes which do not deviate by more than ± 20 mg
from the average weight are selected•
Selection by draw resistance
Each draw resistance of 30 cigarettes taken at random from
the welght-selected cigarettes is measured, and the
average draw resistance of the cigarettes is calculated.
Each draw resistance of the weight-selected clgareŁtes is
measured, and the cigarettes to be smoked for smoke
analysis, which do not deviate by more than ± 5 mm H2O,
should be selected.
2. Method
2.1 Butt length mark
• The standard butt length is 30 mm except for ciarettes
with a filter tip paper longer than 27 mm, which are
smoked to the length of the filter tip paper plus 3 mm.
The butt length should be marked on the cigarettes.
2.2 Smoking method
2.2.1 Smoking machine
' CRI type Model-8 (fixed draw volume with 8 channels)
2.2.2
Smoking conditions
Puff volume
Puff duration
Puff frequency
Pule number
Ambient conditions
: 35 ± 0.3 =~/puff
: 2 ± 0.i sec/puff
60 ~ 1.0 sec/puff
measure to the nearest 0.i puff
z 20 ± I 'C, 60 ± 5% RH
under s ventilating condition
-3
6818S807i
FROM JTS OUERSEAS DIU '82 03P, OEB 14:54 P. 6
2.2.3 Ignition
• Eleotrical 19nition is used
2.2.4
e
Collection of smoke (total particulate matter, TPM)
Glass fiber smoke trap method
Cambridge filter made of glass fiber with a diameter of 44
mm, which retain at least 99.9 % of all particles having a
diameter more than 0.3~m at a linear air velocity more
than 850 cm/min, is used as a smoke trap.
Cigarette holder
A holder having a sealing ring to plug the leakage between
the holder is used. Cigarette is fitted in the holder
with the aid of a Labrinth seal.
Puff termination
When the burning coal reaches the butt mark, the puff
termination device is activated•
Clearing puff
Clearing puff should be taken three times for each
elgarette holder immediately after the smoking process of
the last cigarette is completed.
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2.3
2.4
Number of cigarettes smoked
• Number of cigarettes to be smoked into the same cigarette
holder : 4 cig./holder
• Number of holders to be used for the analysis, i.e.,
replicate number : 4 holders/sample cig.
Determination of total partleulate matter
• Total particulate matter, TPM, is defined as the
difference in weight of cigarette holder before and after
the smoking as follows :
TPM = (ml - mo ) / q,
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6818 S072
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where
Mo is the welght, in m~lligrams, of a cigarette
holder before smoking,
mI is the weight, in milligrams, of a cigarette
holder after smoking, and
q is the number of cigarettes smoked into a
cigarette holder.
[note~ sensitivity of balance used : 0.1
mg
2.5 Determination of water content in the total particulate matter
Analytical method
Solvent
Extraction period
Internal standard
: gas chromatographic method
: isop:opyl alcohol (2-propanol)
: 30 mln. or more
: ethanol
Analytical conditions =
Detector ; thermal conductivity detector (TCD)
Column ; 3 mm # x 1.2 m glass column packed with
Porapack Q (80 - i00 mesh)
Temperature ; column oven 175 "C
injection 230 - 250 ~C
detector 250 °C
Carrier gas ; He, 60 mE /min.
Calculation ; Calculation shall be carried out on the
basis of water peak area / ethanol peak
area ratio, and the calculated result is
expressed in milligrams per cigarette down
to two places of decimals
Determination of nicotine content in the total particulate
matter
Analytical method
Solvent
Internal standard
: gas chromatographic method
: isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol)
: anethole (l-Methoxy-4-(l-propenyl
benzen)
Analytical conditions :
Detector ; flame ionization detector (FID)
- s - 681888073
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Column ; 2 mm ~ x 1.8 m glass column packed with
Chromosorb w (AW, 60 - 80 mesh)
coated with i0 wt% of PEG-20M and 2wt% of KOH
Temperature ; column oven 175 °C
injection 250 QC
detector 250 °C
Carrier gas ; N2, 20 m~/mln.
Calculation ; Calculation shall be carried out on the
basis of Nicotine peak area / anethole
peak area ratio, and the calculated result
is expressed in milligrams per cigarette
down to two places of decimals
Determination of nicotine-free dry partlcluate matter (tar)
• Nicotine-free dry parflculate matter, i.e., tar could be
calculated from the following equation :
Tar = TPM - N - W,
Where
N is the nicotine content, in milligrams, of TPM,
W is the water content, in milligrams, of TPM.
The calculated result is expressed in milligrams per
cigarette ~own to tenthls place.
Notification of analytical values to each member of TIOJ and
conflrmatlon of the values
Each member of TIOJ should be informed of analytical
values, and then the values should be considered to be
confirmed values.
Contents of information :
a) Average values of nicotine, total particulate matter
and nicotlne-free dry particulate matter content
(nicotine : calculated down to two places of
decimals; particulate matter down to tenth's place)
b) Average weight of conditioned cigarettes
c) Average draw reslsŁance of conditioned cigarettes
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681888074
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5.1
5.2
Officially published values of nicotine and nicotine-free dry
particulate matter (tar)
• Officially published values of nicotine and tar content
are defined as averages of their analytical values of a
year.
[note~
Nicotine content offically published shall be
rounded off to one decimal, and tar content to an
integer.
Assurance of analytical values
Inspection of apparatus
• The following laboratory apparatus should be inspected
once a day.
a) cigarette weight sorting machine
b) draw resistance testing equipment
c) analytical balance
d) smoking machine
e) gas chromatograph
Smoking of standard cigarette
• When sample cigarette is smoked, a standard cigarette
should be necessarily smoked simultaneously.
Sampling of clgarettes and smoke analysis
Japan Tobacco Inc. will be entrusted by TIOJ with the
sampling of cigarettes and smoke analysis. Each member
shall bear the expenses required. Provided, however, that
the share of the expenses of each member shall be
determined thereafter by conference among the members.
.
Others
In. case any problems arise concerning the method of smoke
analysis and official publication of the results thereof
as provided herein, all of the members shall sincerely
consult with one another and refer to the FTC method as a
basic standard.
- 7 - 6818880'75
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Datez
H. Oki
Japan Tobacco Inc.
.i
G. R. Aelvoet
Philip Morris K.K.
D. M. Guilfoile
R. J, Reynolds/ M, C. Tobacco Co., Ltd.
4•
J. Silverstein
Brown & Willlamson (Japan) Inc.
D. McLellan
Rothmans Marubeni Tobacco Corp.
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681888076
