Product Design
The Effects of Cigarette Design on Delivery
Abstract
Discusses (and provides equations for calculating) effects of paper permeability, filter ventilation, circumference, and puff position on delivery. Defines porosity (fraction of open space in a material), permeability (measure of the ability of a material to allow a fluid to pass through it), CORESTA permeability and conversion to Filtrona and Greiner permeability ratings. Describes relationship between cigarette parameters and ventilation, including pressure drop, tipping permeability, rod length and width, tipping paper vent area, circumference, cut width, and denier per filament. Graphs show effects of ventilation on puff count and tar/nicotine ratio. Ventilation reduces pressure drop and tar delivery, increases nicotine content of TPM, and reduces carbon monoxide delivery.
Fields
- Rank
- 1
- Author
- Dwyer
- Hypothesis
- Low-yield cigarettesModification of low yield products to assure that adequate levels of nicotine delivery are maintained, and effects of yield changes on toxicity and dependence.
- Nicotine transport, transfer, and uptakeDesign changes which alter nicotine delivery or effect how the product causes and maintains dependence, including transfer of nicotine from tobacco to smoke, and uptake into the body.
- Use of filters, paper, and ventilationModification of tobacco products through use of filters, paper, and ventilation, and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.
- Design changes over timeChanges in cigarette design over the past half century.
- Elasticity and Product Control
- Design Basics
- Design Component
- Circumference
- Filter draft (Filter RTD)
- Filter ventilation (Filter vents, air vents)
- Paper porosity (Natural permeability or NP)
- Perforated tipping paper
- Plug wrap (Plugwrap)
- Pressure drop (PD, Resistance to draw (RTD), Flow rate or Draft)
- Rod length
- Tipping paper
- Named Organization
- Coresta
- Greiner
- Filtrona
- Technology/Method
- Coresta 1
- Filtrona 2
- Greiner 3
- Subject
- Filters (Design)
- Paper (Design)
- Length (Design)
- Circumference (Design)
- Density (Design)
- Ventilation (Design)
- Pressure Drop (Design)
- Burn Rate (Design)
- T/N Ratios (Measures)
- Tar (Measures)
- Smoke Delivery/Transport (Measures)
- Puff Parameters (Measures)
- Puff Count (Measures)
Annotations
- 1. Coresta Technology/Method
- Description:
Paper porosity measure: cm/min cbar as measured on Ecusta's Phobos CORESTA instrument, using 100cm2 test area.
- Description:
- 2. Filtrona Technology/Method
- Description:
Paper porosity measure: deltaP1 mm H2O at 5cc/second flow rate using 10 cm2 test area.
- Description:
- 3. Greiner Technology/Method
- Description:
Paper porosity measure: seconds/50 cc.
- Description:
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POROSITY CONVERSION
UNPERFORATED CIGARETTE PAPE'RIONLY
FILTR,ONA('1)' C'ORESTA('2)' GREINER(3)
25 109.0 6:0
29 95.5 6.5
32 87.4 7.0
36 78.7 7.5
40 71.7' 8.0
43 67.2 8.5
47 62.1 9:0.
50 58.7 9:5.
54 54.8 10.0
57 52.2 10.5
61 49.2 11.0
64 4'7.1 11.5
69 44L0 12.0.
71 42.9 12.5'.
75 40.9 13.0
78 39.5 13.5
82 37.8 14.0
85 36.6 14.5
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89 35.1 15:0.
93 33.8 15.5.
96 32.8 16:0.
100 31.6 16,5
103 30.8 17.0
107 29.8 17:5'
110 29.1, 18,0
114 28.2 18:5
118 ' 27.3 1910
121 26.7 19i5.
124 26.1 20:0
128 25.4 20:5
131 24'.9 21.0
135 24'.2 21.5
FILTRONA(1) CORESTA(2)' GREINER(3)
138 2317 22.0.
142 231 22.5
146 22:6 23:0.
14922':223:5'.
153 21.7' 24:0.
156 21.3' 24:5'.
160, 20:8 25:0.
163 20:5 25:5'.
167 20:0 2na' 0
1M 19~7 26:5'
174 19i3 27.0.
177 19:0 27.5'
181 18! 6 2'8'.0
1'84 18'.4 28.5
1'88' 18! 0 29.0
191 17.8 29.5
195 17.4 30.0
199 17.1 30.5
202 16.9 31.0.
205 116.7 31.5
209 116.4 32.0
213' 16.1 32.5
2'16' 15.9 33.0
220 15.7 33.5
223 `S'.5 34.0
230 15.11 35.0:
266 1'3.2 40.&
301 11,8 45.0'336 10.7 50.0
371 . 9.8 55.0
407 9.& 60.0
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(1)Filtrona - AP, mm H2O at 5 cc/second fliow, rate using 10 cm2 test~ area.
('2), CORESTA - cm/rmin cbar as measured on Ecusta's Phobos CORESTA instrument using;
10crrn2 test area. Although these calculated porosity values a~re simifarto thosee
obtainewa on ot'her instirumenrtatibn outside of Ecusta's laboratories, correlation
tests are required wirth speciific instruments used by individual customers.
(31Greiner - secpndsJ501cc:
Page 2
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SOME GENERAL R'ELATIONSHIPS'FOR
CIGARETTE PARAMIETERS AND VENTILATIO'N
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VENTILATION INGREASIES AS THE PRESSURE
DROP UPSTRIE .AM OF THE VENTS~ INCREASES.
1. INCREASE IN TOBACCO COLUMN PRESSURE
DRO'P (DECREASE INiCIGARETTE' PAPER
PERMEABI LITY'AN'D INCREAS'E 1N'TOBACCO
COLUMNi DENSITY.)
2. IINCREASE' IN FI LTER PRESSURE' DROP..
3. INCREASE IN FILTER LENGTH UPSTREAM OF
THE VENTS.
VENTILATION INC'RIEAS'ESAS TIPPING'AND
PLUIGWRAP PERMEABILITY INCREASES.
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IMPORTANCE OF SOME PARAMETERS
WHICH AFFECT VENTILATION
PARAMETEIR' REFERENCE
DATA AFTEIR' 110%
CHANGE VENTIILATIIONj `
96
NUMBEIR': OF' VENTS 10 11 52.6
TOBACCO COLUMN P D 72,0 79.2 51.5
F'I ILTE R P D 94.01 103.4 51.0
VENT POSITION 12.5 mm 13.75' mm 4Q'0.
"REFERENC~EIVENTILATION FO~~R~~A~25 MMIFILTEIR', =~50.0%
