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CONFIDENTIAL PROJECT 2305 FLAVOR DEVELOPMENT PERIOD COVERED BY REPORT: August 1967 - August 1968 DATE OF REPORT: August 28, 1968 PROJECT LEADER: F. L. Daylor, Jr. The objective of the Flavor Development Group is to supply the flavor and fragrance support for the consumer product development activities. The group's activities include formula- tion, application, and evaluation. Only a relatively small part of the group's work is charged to 2305. The major part of the work is directeditoward cigaret and other development projects. The objective for Project 2305 specifically is to explore, develop, and evaluate new flavors for tobacco, confectionary, and toiletries products. The following is a report of the Flavor Development Group's Work. 1. CIGARET FLAVORS A. Parliament with Plastic Dilution Tip No off flavor due to the plastic had been found and work had been in progress to develop flavors for the 100mm Parliament with the plastic dilution tip. Models delivering 14mg tar and 18mg tar had been developed. The obvious flavor defects were the thin body and the hot andidry effects. The hot and'dry effects had also been noted in earlier work with other air dilution candidates. The earlier work hadpresented several leads on desirable flavor additives for this type cigaret. Many flavors were screened by injection into cigarets made with regular Parliament filler with the normal flavors and the appropriate filter dilution system~. The promising candidates were studied further by overspraying the additives on Parliament filler and making cigarets from the treated filler. After a series of panel evaluations and other evaluations

K by Projiect and Manufacturing Department personnel, flavors 38'86-89 + 90 and 3728-9'6-A were selected as the most promising candidates for the 100mm Parliament with the plastic dilution tip delivering 18mg tar. Both~flavors were applied to 100 pound quantities of filler and cigarets were made in Tobacco Processing. A control cigaret was also made and it delivered the target tar, unfortunately both flavored sampl'es delivered slightly less than the target level of tar. Booth testing prior to the mailout test was favorable and the tests were released. Both flavor candidates were tested against the control and the flavor candidates were tested~against each other. The report of the test results stated that the panelists could~not distinguish between the cigarets on any of the three compari.sons. Prior to the completion ofthe mailout test, the 100mm fluted-diluted Parliaments were introduced into test markets in Albany and Providence. At the same time, 80 and 85mmifluted- diluted Parliaments were also introduced into test markets in Albany and San Antonio replacing the regular Parliament product. The 80 and 85mm fluted-diluted products were soon withdrawn~and replaced by the regular product. The 100mm fluted-diluted product continued inthe Albany and Providence markets. The early test marketing of the 80 and 85mm products left the flavor formulation work for these products incomplete. However, flavors were developed and evaluated through POL booth testing for the following products: 85mm Parliament 80mm Parliament 14mg Tar 14mg Tar 12mg Tar 11mg Tar N Flavors were also developed for the 100mmifluted-diluted Parlia- ment delivering 14mg tar. These flavor candidates were also evaluated through booth testing at POL. x Gn CO GT N 2

B. North Pole For about five years, menthol filters have been~the fastest growing segment of the cigaret market. However, Philip Morris has not captured the same proportionate share of the menthol market as they have with regular filters; this is the reason for the North Pole project. The objective for the flavor development work for the North Pole cigaret was to develop a mentholated cigaret with flavor characteristics similar to Kool. C. I. data showed higher nicotine delivery and lower menthol delivery for Kool than Philip Morris menthol brands. Jointly with Manufacturing Department personnel and Mr. Mason, the Marlboro Green blend. was modified to increase the nicotine delivery of the cigaret. On the first attempt, the nicotine delivery was increased to a level beyond that of Kool, however, the menthol level was far too low. At the same time, flavor formulation studies were in progress. The studies identified some flavor additives besides the higher nicotine delivery blends that gave similar effects in smoke to tne flavor of Kool. A series of five samples of 100mm mentholated cigarets were made. The samples included an equilibrated~ menthol cigaret and flavors suggested by both R & D and Manuufac- turing Department personnel. From this series of five, two (3909 and 3912) were selected for large scale evaluation. 3909 and 3912 were tested against each other in a POL mailout test. The results of the test were not clear cut, however, a slight lead for 39'12 over 3909 was indicated. Both 3909' and 3912 (100mm cigarets) were tested against 85mm Kools in separate HTI tests. The results were very favorable for both North~Pole candidates, so much~so that the results were attributed more to the 100mm length rather than~to the flavors. The results of this series Un Cz C11 . CJ 3

of tests involving 100mm North Pole candidates indicated that 3912 enjoyed a very slight preference over 3909 and.was more similar to Kool than 3909. Hence, 3912 was remade as an 85mm cigaret for testing against Kool in another HTI test. For 3912, a Benson and Hedges type blend is used with a modified Marlboro Green flavor along with flavor 3871-1-4. While the HTI test of the 85=3912 was in progress, several new higher alkaloid~blends were evaluated and none of them showed any major advantage over the 3912. At the same time, additional flavor candidates were considered on both the Benson and Hedges type filler and the high alkaloid blends; none of these showed any major advantage over the 3912. The 85mm 3912 was a definite winner over Kool on the HTI test. The 85mm model delivered about 19mg tar. The 100mm models had delivered about 21mg tar. There was interest in a: diluted 100t=North~Pole that would deliver about 15mg tar. Samples of the rods from each of the five 100mm candidates were hand assembled with an appropriate filter dilution system to reduce the delivery to 15mg tar. From this experiment, sample 3911 was selected as the most promising flavor candidate of the five readily available. Flavor formulation work did not quickly produce a better candidate. Hence, a diluted 3911 which is a Benson and Hedges type rod with modified'Marlboro Green flavors with a fig additive is considered the best candidate for this purpose. i By this time the name Lido had been~selected for the brand. It was recognized that 3912 was a "mainstream" menthol filter cigaret. The question arose whether the Lido could.be given a mark of distinction. There were several novel flavors under N development. The one of these that had drawn most favorable 0 comment was the orange flavor. Hence, an orange modification of 3912 was also developed. The orange modification of 3912 is being evaluatedin an HTI test against 3912. Gn U G1 -.'~ 4

C. Virginia Slims The objective of the flavor development work in the develop- ment of the Slim~cigaret was to be evaluation. The first samples of Slims to come to our attention were made with Benson and Hedges filler and were found to be harsher than Benson and Hedges 100's by the Descriptive Panel. With the product aimed for the female market, the rationale was that the product should be mild and certainly no harsher than the Benson and Hedges 100. It would facilitate matters if the filler selected were one of the regular blends rather than a:special blend. Consequently, the Commander blend was evaluated. Subjective response to the cigaret was favorable but the delivery was higher. The sweetness of the Commander was the desirable flavor feature. It was recognized that the Slim would have to compete with Silva Thins both in flavor and in subjective response. To more fully evaluate the available blends, a series of samples were made in the factory using Marlboro, Benson and Hedges, and Command'er filler at two RTD levels. Flavor evaluations of this series indicated that Marlboro filler gave similar response to the Benson and Hedges filler and.the choice to be made was between these two and the Commander. Evaluations with Manufac- turing Department personnel showed that at the 5.0" RTD level the Commander rod gave the smoother smoke. Both the Commander and the Benson and'Hedges Slims were made at the 5.0 and the 5.5 RTD levels. At the lower RTD the sweetness of the Commander was - preferable but at the higher RTD the Bensonand Hedges and Commander rods delivered comparable flavors. At the higher RTD the Benson and Hedges Slims delivered about 17.0mg tar and the Commander delivered 19.5mg tar. Considering the flavor and the tar, the Benson and Hedges filler was selected. 5

The Benson and Hedges Slims were compared with Silva Thins in booth testing. The Slim cigarets were found to be a more accept- able cigaret by a slight margin. The Silva Thins evaluated was a recently revised product. The former Silva Thin contained a higher percentage of reconstituted tobacco plus inert filler. The former product was not available for our panel testing. There was interest in a mentholated companion for the VirginiaSlim. The mentholated product was specified to be a cigaret similar to the regular Slim with a menthol impact equivalent to Benson and Hedges 100 menthol. Menthol levels were adj,usted both on the basis of smoking evaluations and'puff by puff menthol delivery data. HTI tests were scheduled for the non-menthol product against Benson and Hedges 100''s and for the Slim menthol against the Benson and Hedgea100 menthol. The non-menthol Slim was booth tested against Silva Thins and~the higher tar delivery of the Slim resulted in greater response to the Slim than to the Silva Thins. The same Slim sample was also booth tested against Benson and Hedges 100's and'the Slim performed very well. The Slim menthol also performed very well in booth testing against the Benson and Hedges 100 menthol. These favorable performances were particularly impressive when considering that the Benson and Hedges products deliver about 2 more mg of tar and'the obvious difference in circumference. Flavor evaluations of the samples for the HTI tests with Manufacturing Department personnel suggested that perhaps the flavor level on the Slims was to high. New sampLes were generated. The samples with the reduced flavor level were a little low in tar delivery. However, the change in flavor level did not indicate any advantage nor did it show that the normal level was a problem. 01 O oo~o ao . c~ - 6 - ~'

HTI test results are not available yet. Observations in the field indicate a potential problem with the apparent fast burn. The combination ofthe fast burn and the small circumference might lead the smoker to the conclusion that he is being "short changed." Slower burning papers are being evaluated to determine whether they can slow down the apparent burn and not excessively increase the delivery nor detract from the flavor. Samples are under preparationin the Manufacturing Department. D. Air Cured Cigarets Interest in an air cured cigaret arose from two separate sources as follows: (1) Animal and statistical data indicated lower incidence of respiratory disease fromithe smoking of air cured cigarets as compared with the smoking of flue cured or blended cigarets. (2) A market research concept test indicated' that the name "'Air Cured" had very favorable connotations to consumers. By definition, Turkish tobacco is consideredto be air cured, however, in animal testing the results with Turkish tobacco were comparable to flue cured. Consequently, the advisability of using,Turkish was questioned, although it would be permissable by definition. Maryland was acceptable from both~ points of view. An all air cured RCB would also be required. It was concluded that Turkish~should be excluded from the product. The RCB and stem usage should be either all burley or burley and Maryland. All of the previous work on burley cigarets was reviewed. The Manufacturing Department produced an air cured RCB. Using the Parliament burley blend a series of samples were produced in Tobacco Processing that would evaluate the contribution of the Maryland tobacco and determine whether Turkish would have been desirable from the flavor point of view and whether the recently developed Turkish casing would be desirable. Several ur) . C.'? C1 - 7 - ~

acids had been shown to have important effect on the smoke flavor of all burley cigarets. Re-evaluation of the effects of these acids was also included in this series. Smoking evaluations of this series by Manufacturing Department and project personnel gave the following indications: (1) Up to 20% usage of Turkish in a burley cigaret was not a major flavor advantage. (2) Turkish casing makes a modest smoke flavor improvement. (3) Maryland does not hurt. (4) Lactic acid results in a major smoke flavor improvement. This fourth point confirms earlier work done in Chemical Research. Two air cured blends were suggested by the Leaf Department, one using 50% of the air cured RCB and the other 30%0 of that RCB. Evaluation of the two showed the 30% blend to be more desirable. Flavor formulation work resulted in several menthol and non-menthol flavors for the air cured samples. A side- stream odor problem was noted as a fact of life with air cured tobacco. Additives that masked the sidestreamiwere easily detected in mainstream smoke flavor and were considered to be an equal problem. Evaluations by Manufacturing Department and project personnel indicated that the non-menthol sample with the Turkish casing was preferred over other available candidates. .These cigarets were 85mm filtered~cigarets with the 30% RCB level and'Marlboro type after cut flavors. The special casings used include lactic acid. The menthol sample selected as the best available was also~an 85mm filter cigaret using the 30% M-~ RCB blend, Marlboro menthol type after cut flavors with flavor Gin 4165-40 were used. These cigarets delivered about 16mg tar. The menthol delivery (0 .6mg) . was a little high. (,l x 8

The non-menthol sample was booth tested against Marlboro and the mentholated was testediagainst Lido. The Marlboro and the Lido were the better performers as was expected. It had been anticipated that the obvious taste characteristics of the air cured cigarets would be detected as a departure from the smoke flavor that is normally expected. However, the work to date was encouraging and the interest in the air cured project had not diminished. A new blendlusing 20% RCB was evaluated and was recognized, as a further improvement. Flavor 4097-76 was judgedito be help- ful for both mainstream smoke flavor and sidestream odor. Filler rods with this flavor, the new blend (including the lactic acid) were combined with flush fluted, charcoal filters. The resulting product delivered about llmg tar. The same rod combined with a Philip Morris Multifilter filter system delivered about 14mg tar. Both of these samples will be evaluated further in booth testing against Tareyton andwill very probably be HTI tested. Meanwhile, work is continuing on the development of flavors for an air cured mentholated cigaret. E. Novel Flavors The continuing work to find distinctive flavors for cigarets that will enjoy consumer acceptance and, hopefully, compensate for some of the deficiencies in low delivery cigarets has been given greater emphasis in the past year. Certainly menthol as used is distinctive andenjoys growing acceptance. The anethole flavored Saratoga has had a limited degree of acceptance. With Un this in mind work was begun to seek flavors that could go along W with either menthol or possibly the anethole. A long series of col flavors was generated, some in response to specific requests. Current popularity of lime flavors and fragrances in other consumer products made it an item of interest. Lime, lime-menthol and lime-anise flavors were applied to cigarets. Lime and lime-menthol were shown t&be more promising in SEF evaluati.ons. Extended smoking evaluations were also encouraging,. Stability studies 9

indicated no major problems with rancidity, however, flavor retention on storage appeared to be a definite consideration. Cost of the lime flavor is also a consideration. The evalua- tion of the market potential for lime flavor cigarets was a definite problem. A test was devised that is intended to give some insight into the market potential. The test attempts to measure the acceptability of the lime concept against a standard mentholated cigaret, and~an anethole flavored cigaret, all three at about a 20mg TPM level. A 10mg lime-menthol model is also tested~against a 10mg anethole flavor and~against a standard delivery Parliament. Hopefully this procedure will give some insight into the acceptability of the lime-menthol flavor, per se, and the role that distinctive flavors can play in improving the flavor of low delivery cigarets. An orange flavor modification of the Saratoga drew very favorable comments. However, retention was a major problem with orange flavor. Flavor oxidation studies showed no problem with rancidity to date. These studies are continuing. Encapsulationof the orange flavor was evaluatedland rejected as a solution to the retention problem~. The problem stems from the volatility of the oil and the high terpene content. The high terpene content makes orange and other citrus oils weak flavors. Concentration of the oils to reduce the terpene content and increase the oxygenated:(flavorful) components results in a - more retentive flavor, and a much more expensive flavor on a per pound basis. Even the folded citrus flavors require higher usage levels than might be expected from experience with other flavor materials. Finally, anorange flavor with satisfactory retention and no obvious rancidity problems was developed. Shelf life studies are a continuing part of this work. This flavor has been filler and filter evaluated. - 10 -