FREE Cigarettes and Cocoa Bean Toxicity

Product Design

FREE Cigarettes and Cocoa Bean Toxicity

Date: 14 Mar 1979
Length: 5 pages
1000774089-1000774093
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Abstract

Memo addresses some of the adverse effects from cocoa beans and the cocoa bean shell. States 4 patents which cover formulations of tobacco with cocoa beans or nontobacco formulations utilizing cocoa beans and the processes for manufacture of these smoking materials. Memo states 'it appears that the federal regulatory agencies are somewhat misguided in allowing no health warning for BOGART and FREE cigarettes'.

Fields

Author: Hutcheson, SA; John, JE; Rosenberg, MD
Hypothesis: Health effects
Design changes which have measurably altered health effects of cigarette smoke, both for smokers and nonsmokers.; Introduction of new/unconventional products
Research and development of novel nicotine delivery devices and experimental tobacco designs.; Toxicity and consumer intake
Development of scientifically valid procedures for measuring biological activity and neurological effects of nicotine and smoke constituents.; Use of additives
Modification of tobacco products through use of additives and measuring effects on dependence, behavior, and toxicity.
Additive: Caffeine
Methyl substituted xanthine alkaloid - a major alkaloid in chocolate/cocoa; Cocoa (Chocolate)¹ (Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate and Powder)
Composed of nearly 400 identified chemical substances as of 1967; Coffee²
Smoke Constituent: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); Carbon monoxide; Aldehydes; Nitric oxides
Named Organization: FEMA³
Brand: BOGART⁴; FREE⁵; Marlboro (PM)
Subject: Cocoa (Additives); nicotine technology; additives; Tar (Measures)

Annotations

1. Cocoa (Chocolate) Additive

Synonyms:
cocoa derivatives (Produced by fermentation, defatting, hot pressing, grinding, roasting, peeling and crushing. Improve flavor). Theobroma cocoa (a plant native to Central America)
Composed of nearly 400 identified chemical substances as of 1967
Components:
Caffeine Theobromine Menthol Benzedes Acetaldehyde Acrolein Crotonaldehyde Formic Acid Acetic acid Phenols Tannins Hydrocarbons Alcohols Aldehydes Ketones Organic acids Esters Organic bases Sulfur and nitrogen heterocyclics
Results:
Improved flavor. cocoa bean and shell (Caffeinism. Allergic dermatitis. Salmonella. Aflotoxin contamination)
Intended Use:
Patents covering fomulation of tobacco with cocoa beans, or nontobacco formulations utilizing cocoa beans and the processes for manufacture of these smoking materials:US patent #3929141:US patent for process for the manufacture of regenerated tobacco (1975); US patent #3934594:patent for the process for the manufacture of tobacco substitute (1976);US patent #4058129:patent re continuous process for the production of a paste with additives which can be formed into a smokable material; US patent #4083371:patent re process for production of artificial tobacco (1978).

2. Coffee Additive

Intended Use:
US patent #3796222: 1974 patent issued to PM entitled method of making a smoking product from coffee bean hulls

3. FEMA Named Organization

Synonyms:
Flavor and Extract Manufacturer's Association

4. BOGART Brand

Description:
A cigarette utilizing cocoa beans which have been ground and toasted announced in August 1974. No health warning.
Components:
No tobacco content, nicotine free, has tar.

5. FREE Brand

Description:
November 1977 introduced. No health warning.
Components:
Tar values exceed FTC tar levels in the leading tobacco products. Hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, aldehydes.

Document Images

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PHILIP MORRIS U. S. A. INTER-OFFICE CORRESPONDENCE RI CHHOI~D, VIRGINIA M. D. Rosenberg/J. E. John/S. A. Hutcheson FREE "Cigarettes" and Cocoa Bean Toxici.ty Date: March 14, 1979 S,,r~ar~ A review of the International Brands cover letter and press release on ~"~.~:;;~3.'.';"".' FREE "czgarettes' showed them to be accurate ~n hzstorzcal representation of the product's development when compared to our own records on this. -j ~..,i'~';~., brand and its predecessor, BO~AR~. Other points which ~y be less , .- accurate are Although the comment by Celke in the cover letter concerning "nicotine, the habitual drug found in tobacco" could be argued vis-a-vis to caffeine or theobromine in FREE (or coffee or chocolate) as the use of socially'- acceptable drugs, there is one imPortant fact which should not be over .... looked. Pyrolysis of cocoa beans releases many of the same constituents that are released by the pyrolysis of tobacco including benzenes, phenols, acrolein, acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, tannins, etc. Extracts from cocoa beans and the cocoa bean shell are widely used in foods or as foods with governmental approval. The adverse effects of these substances are evident and are expressed as caffeinism, allergic dermatitis, and salmonella and aflotoxin contamination. Although the manufacturers of BOGART and FREE claimed a health warning was not necessary, it appears the Federal regulatory agencies are somewhat misguided in allowing this. Based on the literature studied, it could probably be shown that pyrolysis of cocoa bean and. tobacco produce a similar profile of chemica~ constituents. Tests performed on. FREE .in our own laboratories show tar levels greatly exceeding MARLBORO, while levels o~ hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and aldehydes exceed MARLBORO, and nitrogen oxide leve~s are s~milar for the two. Further detailed laboratory study might prove worthwhile to demonstrate these points. Philip Morris holds several patents involving the use of cocoa beans: and shells with or without tobacco in formulations to make smoking products. These patents: could pre-date International Brands" technology or might be involved in their processes. In conclusion, ~here is much more than is ~eadily. appa=ent to this product for "health-conscious smokers." It is sa:fe to say that smoking a FREE: is not like eating a ho~ fudge sundae!!

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