Philip Morris
Tobacco Industry Efforts Subverting the International Agency for Research on Cancer's Secondhand Smoke Study
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- Boffetta, P.
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- Carchman, R.A.
- Carlo, G.
- Carlos III
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- Cohen, S.M.
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- Ferro, G.
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- Garfinkel, L.
- Goldberg, M.
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- Graham, J.
- Graham, J.D.
- Grandjean, P.
- Green, J.
- Greenberg, D.
- Gregg, E.
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- Gutzwiller, F.
- Hay, J.W.
- Hedge, A.
- Hemon, D.
- Hirayama
- Hofman, A.
- Holland, W.
- Jockel, K.
- Karmrin, M.
- Keane, D.
- Kok, F.J.
- Koo, L.
- Koo, L.C.
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- Kreienbrock, L.
- Kreuzer, M.
- Kroger, M.
- Krombout, D.
- Kromhout, H.
- Lavecchia, C.
- Lechat, M.F.
- Lee, P.
- Lindheim, J.
- Lister, C.
- Lyberopoulos, H.
- Malmfors, T.
- Maramorosch, K.
- Marcotullio, R.
- Mariani, F.
- Matanoski, G.
- Matanoski, G.M.
- Mcketta, J.J., J.R.
- Mendes, A.
- Merletti, F.
- Michaels, P.J.
- Miller, H.I.
- Montrull, F.B.
- Morosini, P.L.
- Murray, R.W.
- Navarro, F.M.
- Nilsson, R.
- Noah, N.
- North, W.
- Nyberg, F.
- Okoniewski, A.
- Olsen, J.
- Osteen
- Pages, R.
- Parrish, S.
- Paustenbach, D.J.
- Pearson, A.M.
- Peck, G.
- Pershagen, G.
- Peto, J.
- Peto, R.
- Pharoah, Pod
- Phillipson, B.
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- Schlesselman, J.J.
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- Smith, G.D.
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- Starkey, R.L.
- Starr, T.B.
- Stedman, D.H.
- Stroobant, A.
- Sullivan, J.
- Swenberg, J.A.
- Teta, M.J.
- Tozzi, J.
- Tredaniel, J.
- Tselentis, Y.
- Vandenbroucke, I.P.
- Vargasluque, A.P.
- Vuylsteek, K.
- Wahren, J.
- Wald, N.
- Walk, R.
- Walter, J.C.
- Walther, C.
- Wehner, A.P.
- Weinberg, M.
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- Whidden, R.
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- Wilhelmsen, L.
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syndrome,' with recent research adding breast cancer to this Iist.298 The strenuous effort mounted
by the industry to subvert the IARC study and prevent an IARC monograph is perhaps the most
compelling justification for IARC to prepare such a publication that considers not only lung cancer,
but all the diseases that secondhand smoke causes.
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute 85
Robert Nilsson Professor, Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Disttibute103
Figure 2: 1989 PM Public Opinion Survey239
A large multinational survey conducted by PM International demonstrates broad public support for
regulating smoking a11 over Europe, to a greater degree than in the US. The 1989 survey was
conducted in 10 European countries with a random sample representative of each population using
1000 smokers and 1000 non-smokers in each country.
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute 100
June 5.
289. Tobacco litigation: AFCO v. TIA, the case against passive smoking. Redfern, Australia: Legal
Books,1991.
290. New Zealand Department of Health, prepared by J. Reinken. 1990. Through the smokescreen-
A critique of environmental tobacco smoke: A review of the literature by the Tobacco
Institute of New Zealand. Welington. . Bates number:
291. European Working Group. 1996. Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer: an
evaluation of the risk. 1996_ Bates number:
292. New Zealand Department of Health. 1988. Creating smokefree environments. Wellington. .
Bates number:
293. Schlesinger J. Secondhand-smoke study ruled invalid; federal judge says EPA overstated
cancer link; agency likely to appeal. Wall Street Journal 1998 July 20.
294. Dyer C. Tobacco firms win a hearing. The Guardian ] 998 July 7.
295. Oliver J. Fitms must tell secrets on smoking. The Express 1999 July 25.
296. World Health Organization. WHO appoints outside experts to review alleged industry
attempts to "undermine" UN-wide tobacco control efforts [press release], 1999.
297. Bouma J. Secret WHO report in hands of tobacco lobby. Trouw 1999 October 4.
298. Lash T, Aschengrau A. Active and passive cigarette smoking and the occurrence of breast
cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 1999;149(1):5-] 2.
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute 98
Dr. Alfred P. Wehner
President, Biomedical and Environmental Consultants Inc., Richland, WA
Dr. John J. McKetta, Jr.
Joe C. Walter Chair in Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
Dr. Henry I. Miller
~ Visiting Fellow, Institute for International Studies; Visiting Scholar, Hoover Institution,
Stanford
University
Dr. Michael Karmrin
Professor, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
Dr. Karl Maramorosch
Robert L. Starkey Professor of Microbiology and Professor of Entomology, Rutgers University,
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Dr. Joel W. Hay
Associate Professor and Chair of Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles
Dr. Richard Wilson
Mallinekrodt Professor of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts
Peter Samuel
Contributing Editor and Environmental Writer, National Review, Libertytown, Maryland
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute105
opposition to controversial report. The Ottawa Citizen 1998 March 9.
48. Corcoran T. Ban Anti-tobacco Activists. The Globe and Mail 1998 March 17.
49. Moulson G_ UN Defends Dangers of Passive Smoke. Associated Press (Washington Post) 1998
March 9.
50. Chapman S. The hot air on passive smoking. BMJ 1998;316:945.
51. Bradbury J. New data on passive smoking cause media uproar. The Lancet, 1998: 807.
52_ Fox M. Study finds secondhand smoke risk, but not to kids, 1998.
,53. Science and Technology: Smokescreens. The Economist 1998;346(8059)_
54. Woods B. 1998. [Transcript of Australian GPR radio show]. November. Bates number: Woods
is with the Australian Hotels Association.
55. Meister J. [personal communication], 1999.
56. Blixt C. 1998. Smoke Screen? [transcript]. July 21. Bates number: www.pbs_org/newshour.
57. Perske M_ The WHO's Secondhand Smoke Spin. The Resistance [National Smokers Alliance
publication] 1998 February 3.
58. Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. 1999. The National Smokers Alliance:
Exposed. 1999. August 27. www.no-smoke.org/nsa.htnil.
59. Sullum J. Barely a Wiff [sic] of Risk in New Data. The Washington Times 1998 March 27.
60. Mooney L. Smoking out bad science. Wall Street Journal 1998 March 19;A18.
61. Winiarski K. Restaurant Owners Push to Block Smoking Ban. Rockland Journal-News 1998
April 30.
62. 1999. The Show: References (06/1999). RushLimbaugh.org_ 1999. June.
www. nrs hlim baugh. org.
63. Hagen P. No proven risk. Chicago Tribune 1999 April 7.
64. Bates C. Re: Sunday Telegraph reports on passive smoking, 8-15 March 1998 [complaint to
Press Complaints Commission], 1998.
65. Lawson D. 1998. Press Statement in Response to Complaint Made to PCC by ASH. London.
March 27. Bates number:
66. Press Complaints Commission. 1998. Adjudication.. Bates number: 980513.
www.ash.org.uk/papers/append9.htm1.
67. Bates C. WHO passive smoking study- tobacco industry and Sunday Telegraph disinformation
nailed, 1998.
68. Bates C. 1998. Re: passive smoking [Letter to Sunday Telegraph editor]. October 27. Bates
number: www.ash.org.uk/papers/telegap3.htm1.
69. Matthews R, Macdonald V. No "significant" risk in passive smoking. Sunday Telegraph 1998
March 15.
70. Macdonald V, Matthews R. Focus Cancer and the Risks: Behind the smokescreen. Sunday
Telegraph 1998 March 15.
71. Matthews R. Suspending the rules of science. Sunday Telegraph 1998 October 11.
72. Macdonald V_ Study fails to link passive smoking with cancer. Sunday Telegraph 1998
October 11_
73. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation. Brown & Williamson says study finds minimal
risk posed by environmental tobacco smoke, 1998.
74. Wells A, English P, Posner S, Wagenknecht L, Perez-Stable E. Misclassification rates for
current smokers misclassified as nonsmokers. American Journal of Public Health
1998;88(10):1503-9.
75. Riboli E, Haley N, Tredaniel J, Saracci R, Preston-Martin S, Trichopoulos D. Misclassification
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute 88
ca
I
Figure 1: Philip Motris' IARC Task Force Structure.96
The Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR), responsible for producing studies to offset the IARC
study, would communicate with PM Science and Technology in Neuchatel (HR is likely Helmut
Reif) and Research and Development in Richmond (Virginia) (RAC is likely Richard A.
Carchman). These scientific departments would report to MW (likely Matthew Winokur, PM's
IARC Task Force team leader), who would communicate with the legal resources (AA is likely
^- Anthony Andrade of Shook, Hardy and Bacon; SP is likely Steve Parrish, PM Senior Vice
President and General Counsel) and PM Corporate Services in Brussels (DG is likely David
Greenberg, DB is likely David Bushong). The line above the DG box suggests reporting to
superior executive branches in PM.
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute 99
JAMA 1998;280(13):1173-81.
22. Roper Organization. 1978. A study of public attitudes toward cigarette smoking and the
tobacco industry in 1978. - Bates number: Vol. I.
23. Barnes D, Bero L. Industry-funded research and conflict of interest: an analysis of research
sponsored by the tobacco industry through the Center for Indoor Air Research. Journal of
Health Politics, Policy and Law 1996;21:515-42.
24. Barnes D, Bero L. Why review articles on the health effects of passive smoking reach different
~ conclusion. JAMA 1998;279(19):1566-1570.
25. Bero L, Galbraith A, Rennie D. Sponsored symposia on environmental tobacco smoke. JAMA
1994;271:612-17.
26. Barnes D, Bero L. Scientific quality of original research articles on environmental tobacco
smoke. Tobacco Control 1997;6:19-26.
27. Boffetta P, Agudo A, Ahrens W, et al. Multicenter case-control study of exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in Europe. Journal of the National Cancer
Institute 1998;90:1440-50-
28. Blot W, JK M. Passive smoking and lung cancer risk: What is the story now? (ed.). Journal of
the National Cancer Institute 1998;90:1416-7.
29. Macdonald V. Passive smoking doesn't cause cancer - official. Sunday Telegraph 1998 March
8.
30. Sweet M. Tobacco companies .try to sow seeds of doubt. Sydney Morning Herald 1998
February 3.
31. Simpson D BAT attacks (news analysis). Tobacco Control 1998;7(2):119-20.
32. Proctor C. BAT has not tried to discredit data on passive smoking. BMJ 1998;317:349.
33. World Health Organization. Passive smoking does cause lung cancer. Do not let them fool
you.(press release], 1998.
34. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Passive smoking and lung cancer in
Europe[press release], 1998.
35. Le Grand C. Anti-smokers blown away by study. The Australian 1998 March 10.
36. WHO rejects smoking link with lung cancer- Zimbabwe Independent 1998 October 23.
37. PMCS Brussels. 1993. IARC: Objectives. unknown. Bates number: 2501341817-23,
www.philipmorris.com.
38. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1997. International Agency for Research on
Cancer: Cancer Research for Cancer Control. . Bates number: ISBN 92 832 0408 5.
39. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Tobacco smoking. Geneva, 1986.
40. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1998. Report of an Ad-hoc IARC Monographs
Advisory Group on Priorities for Future Evaluations. Lyon, France. September 16-18. Bates
number: No. 98/004.
41-'A Setback for Nanny [ed.]. Sunday Telegraph 1998 March 8.
42. Ridley Y- Passive smoking "harmless". Sunday Times 1998 March 8.
43. Hawkes N. No Link Between Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer. The Times 1998 March 9.
44. Brown & Williamson. 1998. Major Environmental Tobacco Smoke Study Finds No Risk.
March 10. Bates number:
45. Boffetta P, Brennan P, Lea S, et al. 1997. Biennial Report 1996/1997. Lyon. 76-7. . Bates
number:
46. World Health Organization. Tobacco Free Initiative. 1999. August 27. www.who.inUtoh-
47. Enman C. Second-hand smoke study "garbage science": activists, scientists united in
CONFIDENTIAL DRAFT - Do Not Distribute 87
REFERENCES
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~
Appendix Table A-I: IARC Study Authors and Investigators
Paolo Boffetta
Rodolfo Saracci
Antonio Agudo
Wolfgang Ahrens
Ellen Benhamou
Simone Benhamou
Sarah C. Darby
Gilles Ferro
Cristina Fortes
Carlos A. Gonzalez
Karl-Heinz Pockel
Martin Krauss
Lothar Kreienbrock
Michaela Kreuzer
Anabcla Mcndcs
Franco Merletti
Fredrik Nyberg
Giiran Pershagen
Hermann Pohlabeln
Elio Riboli
Giovanni Schmid
Lorenzo Simonato
Jean Tr6daniel
Elise Whitley
Heinz-Erich Wichmann
Carlos Winck
Paola 7_ambon
Francesco Forastiere
Co-head investigator, IARC, Lyon, France
Co-head investigator, IARC, Lyon, France
National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
Institute for Epidemiological and Clinical Research,
Matar6, Spain
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and
Epidemiology, Essen, Germany
Bremen Institute for Prevention Research, Germany
Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris, France
National Institute of Health and Medical Research,
Paris
Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Oxford, U.K.
IARC, Lyon, France
Epidemiology Unit Latium Region, Rome, Italy
Institute for Epidemiological and Clinical Research,
Matar6, Spain
Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and
Epidemiology, Essen, Germany
IARC, Lyon, France
GSF Institute for Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
GSF Institute for Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
GSF Institute for Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
Regional Health Administration, Lisbon, Portugal
Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Turin,
Italy
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska
Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska
Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Bremen Institute for Prevention Research, Germany
IARC, Lyon, France
Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
Venetian Cancer Registry, Padua, Italy
St. Louis Hospital, Paris, France
Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Oxford, U.K.
GSF Institute for Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
Hospital Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo,
Portugal
Venetian Cancer Registry, Padua, Italy
Italy
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