Philip Morris
the World Health Organization (Who): Its Work Related to the Activities of the International Tobacco Industry
Fields
- Attachment
- 2501442828/2501442897
- 2501442830/2501442897
- Type
- REPT, REPORT, OTHER
- Area
- BRUSSELS S&H/EU ARCHIVE
- Litigation
- Stmn/Produced
- Site
- E96
- Master ID
- 2501442800/3320
Related Documents:- 2501442800-2806 Report of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on the Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco
- 2501442807-2808 the Thirty-Ninth World Health Assembly Geneva, 860505 - 860516
- 2501442809-2811 Seventy-Seventh Session Agenda Item 15 Tobacco or Health
- 2501442812-2817 Economic Data for Tobacco in Selected Countries
- 2501442818-2827 Comments on the Proposed Who Resolution Eb77/22 Add. 2 Dated 860111
- 2501442828-2829 Report on World Health Organization's Work Related to the Tobacco Industry
- 2501442898-2901 Zimbabwe and the World Health Assembly
- 2501442902-2905 Critique of Who Report Eb77/22 Add 1 Entitled 'the Adverse Health Effects of Tobacco Use'
- 2501442906-2907 Action Alert 860000 World Health Assembly
- 2501442908-2912 860000 World Health Assembly 860505 - 860516 Background / General Principles
- 2501442913 Healthy Buildings 880000
- 2501442914-2916
- 2501442917-2925 Healthy Buildings 88
- 2501442926-2927 Cib Healthy Buildings 880000
- 2501442928-2930 A Guide to Future Healthy Buildings
- 2501442931-2940 Why Does Air Make People Sick?
- 2501442941
- 2501442942-2944 Energy Conservation Programs Have Made Matters Worse
- 2501442945-2947 More Fresh Air Makes for Healthier Buildings
- 2501442948-2952 Clear Indoor Air: A Trade Union Perspective
- 2501442953-2954
- 2501442955-2957
- 2501442958-2959
- 2501442960-2961
- 2501442962-2963
- 2501442965-3067 Cigarette Smoking and Cancer: A Scientific Perspective
- 2501443068-3119 Cigarette Smoking and Heart Disease
- 2501443120-3256 Smoking and Health 640000 - 790000 the Continuing Controversy
- 2501443257-3286 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd)
- 2501443288-3301 Cigarette Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases: the Major Gaps in Knowledge
- 2501443302
- 2501443303-3320 Tobacco Issues Claims Vs. Facts
- Named Organization
- 1st World Conference on Smoking + Health
- 23rd Health Assembly
- 24th World Health Assembly
- 2nd World Conference on Smoking + Health
- 33rd World Health Assembly
- 3rd World Conference on Smoking + Health
- 4th World Conference on Smoking + Health
- American Cancer Society
- Anti Smoking Programs in the Developed C
- Anti Smoking Programs in the Ldcs
- Board of Directors
- Centre on Smoking + Health
- Directing Council
- Executive Board
- Expenditure Comm
- Expert Comm on Smoking Control
- Fao, Food and Agriculture Org
- Forum on Anti Smoking
- Health Education Council
- Hew Publi
- Hew, Dept of Health Education and Welfare
- House of Commons
- Imperial College
- Interagency Council on Smoking + Health
- Intl Tobacco Industry
- Intl Union Against Cancer
- Ldc
- Mnc
- Natl Clearinghouse for Smoking + Health
- Natl Commission on Smoking + Public Poli
- Natl Industries
- Natl Smoking + Health Assn
- Pan American Health Org
- Pitman Publishing
- Pmi, Philip Morris International
- Regional Comm for Europe
- Regional Comm for the Americas
- Swedish Cancer Society
- Swedish Health Ministry
- Swedish Natl Heart + Lung Assn
- Tobacco Tncs
- Un Conference on Trade + Development
- Un, United Nations
- United Nations Development Program
- United Nations Industrial Development or
- War on Want
- Who, World Health Org
- World Bank
- World Health
- World Health Assembly
- World Health Org Chronicle
- Intl Labor Org
- 23rd Health Assembly
- Request
- Stmn/R1-004
- Stmn/R1-133
- Named Person
- Demoerloose, J.
- Haywardcosta, A.
- Horn, D.
- Mahler, H.
- Mueller, M.
- Richardson, R.G.
- Haywardcosta, A.
- Date Loaded
- 05 Jun 1998
- UCSF Legacy ID
- ztj49e00
Document Images
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
(WHO):
ITS WORK RELATED TO THE ACTIVITIES OF
THE INTERNATIONAL TOBACCO INDUSTRY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v
II. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND ITS WORK
RELATED TO THE INTERNATIONAL TOBACCO INDUSTRY 1
A. THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) 1
B. WHO WORK RELATED TO THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY 2
1. An Overview 2
2. Past WHO Activities 3
3. Activities in 1978 5
4. Status of On-Going WHO Activities 6
5. Program of WHO Work in Tobacco for 1979 9
6. Prospects for further WHO Work on Tobacco 11
Usage
C. NEW ELEMENTS IN DEBATES ON SMOKING IN WHO
FORUMS 14
1. Anti-Smoking Programs in the LDCs 14
2. Anti-Smoking Programs in the Developed
Countries 17
D. WHO ATTITUDES ON THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY AND
SMOKING 20
1. Views of WHO Officials 20
2. Views of WHO Diplomats 23
3. Overall Conclusions 27
z2
PAGE
III. RESOLUTIONS ON SMOKING APPROVED BY THE WHO
EXECUTIVE BOARD AND THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY 29
A. SUMMARY OF TEXTS OF THE RESOLUTIONS 29
1. Executive Board Resolution, January 1970 29
2. World Health Assembly Resolution, May 1970 29
3. Executive Board Resolution, January 1971 30
4. World Health Assembly Resolution, May 1971 30
5. Executive Board Resolution, January 1974 31
6. World Health Assembly Resolution, May 1976 31
7. World Health Assembly Resolution, May 1978 32
B. RESOLUTIONS BY THE EXECUTIVE BOARD AND P:ORLD
HEALTH ASSEMBLY IN 1979 34
IV. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REPORTS ON TOBACCO AND
SMOKING 35
A. PAST REPORTS
1. Listing of Reports
35
35
2. Summary of Reports 38
B. FUTURE REPORTS 43
1. Report of the WHO Expert Committee on
Smoking Control 43
2. Update on Current Anti-Smoking Legislation
in WHO Member Countries 43
C. REPORTS USED AS REFERENCE WORKS BY WHO OFFICIALS 44
1. Report of the First World Conference on
Smoking and Health 44
2. Report of the Second World Conference on N
Smoking and Health o 44
3. Report of the Third World Conference on
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44
Smoking and Health
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PAGE
D. REPORTS FOUND TO BE PARTICULARLY VALUABLE BY
WHO OFFICIALS 45
1. "Lung Cancer Prevention" 45
2. "A National Dilemma: Cigarette Smoking or
the Health of Americans"
45
3. "First Report from the Expenditure Committee 45
4. "Tobacco and the Third World" 45
E. OTHER WHO SMOKING-RELATED PUBLICATIONS 46
1. "Legislative Action to Combat Smoking Around
the World"
46
2. "The Smokers' World" 46
V. WH O EXPERT COMMITTEE ON SMOKING CONTROL, OCTOBER 23-28,
1 78 MEETING 47
A. BACKGROUND 47
B. FOCUS OF THE OCTOBER 23-28 MEETING 47
C. OPINIONS EXPRESSED BY COMMITTEE MEMBERS DURING
THE MEETING 48
1. Health Effects of Smoking 48
2. Effects of Smoking on Labor Productivity 49
3. Social Costs of Smoking 49
4. Smoking in the Developing Countries 50
D. CONCLUSIONS OF THE EXPERT COMMITTEE ON SMOKING
CONTROL 51
1. A Leading Role for WHO 51
2. Preventive Action in LDCs ~ 52
0
3. WHO as a Forum on Anti-Smoking ~, 52
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PAGE
E. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EXPERT COMMITTEE 52
1. Addressed to all Countries 52
2. Addressed to Developed Countries 53
3. Addressed to Developing Countries 54
4. Addressed to the UN and Related Agencies 54
VI. CONFIDENTIAL SOURCES FOR THIS SPECIAL REPORT 56
A. OFFICES CONTACTED 56
B. NAMES, TITLES AND FUNCTIONS OF WHO OFFICIALS
INTERVIEWED 58
C. DIPLOMATS CONTACTED 61
APPENDICES (ATTACHED)
V
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. WORK IN THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) ON THE
TOBACCO INDUSTRY
Established in 1948, the World Health Organization
is a specialized agency of the UN. Its purpose is to
promote international cooperation and consultation
among the medical profession and public health author-
ties on health problems that individual countries and
territories cannot solve on their own. WHO also helps
prepare international standards and regulations, and
gives advice to member countries.
Policy in the WHO is made by the Executive Board
and the World Health Assembly, both meeting annually.
WHO work is carried out by working groups, committees,
with advice often coming from groups of outside experts.
B. PAST WHO WORK RELATED TO THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY
The World Health Organization did not become active
in the anti-smoking field until the early 1970's when
the Executive Board and World Health Assembly began
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passing resolutions which contained passages related a
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to the health problems of smoking. 4~-
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The WHO has an explicit policy favoring the W
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prevention and elimination of smoking. This is
translated not only into educational work and advice on
on measures to discourage tobacco usage, but also into
vi
a general hostility toward all tobacco companies.
WHO work in tobacco can be broadly be described
as including the following four main activities.
1.
Resolutions Approved by the World Health Assembly
and the Executive Board
The first of these was passed by the Executive
Board in May 1970 and requested a report on the
health hazards of smoking. Since then there have
been six more resolutions (see Chapter III).
As the health risks of tobacco usage have
become more clearly established, the focus of the
resolutions has shifted from inquiries into the
health problems resulting from smoking to a look
at what might be done to prevent and eliminate
smoking.
2. Reports Prepared by the WHO Staff and Outside
Consultants
Since 1970, several reports were published
for and by WHO on the tobacco usage (see Chapter IV).
The reports follow the theme of resoultions passed
by the Executive Board and the World Health Assembly,
with the early ones concentrating on health effects
of smoking and the later ones on measures that
could be taken to prevent smoking. The reports
have formed the basis for discussions in WHO forums
on the organization's role in smoking-related
health programs.
2501442836
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3. WHO Expert Committee on Smoking Control
One of the first resolutions adopted recom-
mended that a group of experts be convened to
advise WHO on the health hazards of smoking.
The Expert Committee has met twice since that
time -- first in 1974, and most recently in
October 23-28, 1978 (see Chapter V).
The recommendations
reached by the experts
at this last meeting will be closely examined at
the WHO Executive Board and World Health Assembly
meetings in 1979. Among the key suggestions are:
a. There should be a total prohibition on
all forms of tobacco promotion.
b. Exports of tobacco and tobacco products
should be discouraged and tobacco
growing and manufacturing sectors should
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be reduced in size.
c. Measures should be taken to establish
upper limits for emission of cigarette
by-products, with information on the
emmission level on every pack.
d. No tobacco product should be exported
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with higher level of toxic substances than
is permitted for sale in the country of
origin.
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High priority should be set on developing
anti-smoking programs in developing countries.
f. Alternatives to tobacco growing should be
developed.
g. WHO should place priority on stimulating
joint anti-smoking efforts among international
organizations.
4. On-Going Work on Tobacco
Although, WHO does not have even one staff
person assigned full-time to tobacco usage, it
does have staff available to respond to requests
from member countries for advice and information
on the health hazards of smoking. In addition,
it tries to keep up-to-date information on national
legislation and anti-smoking programs.
Two other activities which could become a
more integral part of WHO are standardization of
data and measurements related to tobacco usage,
and coordination with other international organiza-
C. tions.
FUTURE WHO WORK ON TOBACCO
At the 1979 meetings of both the WHO Executive
Board and the World Health Assembly, held in January ~
0
and May respectively, observers expect resolutions ~
on smoking to be considered and adopted. .A
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ix
On the agenda for these meetings will be (1)
consideration of the report and recommendations of
the October 1978 meeting of the WHO Expert Committee
on Smoking Control; (2) consideration of selecting an
an anti-smoking theme for a World Health Day; (3)
possibilities for WHO coordination of anti-smoking
activities by the UN and other related agencies; and
(4) ways for governments to curb use of advertisements
for tobacco usage.
WHO can be expected to become more active in
anti-smoking efforts in the near future, with the
extent of its activities dependent upon the amount
of funding that will be authorized. The most likely
area for involvement will be providing advice on
national anti-smoking programs, including information
on legislation and educational programs. WHO will
continue to collect and disseminate information on
the health hazards of smoking, and where appropriate,
to encourage research on this subject.
Despite this increase in activity, WHO is not
expected to make anti-smoking work one of its top
priorities in the near-term. The middle of the next
decade will see a re-evaluation of WHO's anti-smoking
role.
