Tobacco Documents Online

326 LYNN T. KOZLOWSKI "Castledon, C. M., and Cole, P. V., 1923, luhalation of tobacco smoke by pipe and cigar smokers, Lancet 2:21-22. Christen, A. G., Arr~trong, W. R., and McDani¢l, R. K., 1979, Iraraoral l~u~oplakta, perktontal breakdown, and tooth It)as in a anuff dipper, J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 98:584--586. Cohen, M. R., and Nagel, E., 1962, An Introduction to Logic, Harconrt, Brace and World, New York. Doll, R., and Peto, R., 1976, Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years observation on male British doctors, Br. Med. J. 2:1525-1536. Doll, R., and Poto, R., 1981, The causes of cancer:. Quantitative estimates of avoidable risk~ of cancer in the United States today, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 66(6):I 192-I 308. Evans, R., Hill, P. C., Rnines, B. E., and Henderson, A. H., 1981, Current behavioral, social, and educational Im3graras in control of smoking: A selective critical review, in: Perspec~h, es on Behavioral Medicine (S. M. Weiss, J. A. Head, and B. H. Fox, eds.), pp. 261-284, Academic I:~ss, New York. Fagerstr6m, K.-O., 1982, A comt:uu'ison of psychological and pharmacological treatment in smoking cessation, J. Behav. Med. 5(3):343-351. Fischer, D. H., 1970, Historian's Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought, Harper and Row, New York. Friedman, K. M., 1975, Public Policy and the Smoking-Health Controversy, D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Mass. GarL J. J., and Schneider)nan, M. A., 1979, "Low-risk" cigarettes: The debate continues, Science 204:690-691. Gerstein, D. R., and Levison, P. K., eds., 1982, Reduced Tar and Nicotine Cigarettes: Smoking Behavior and Health, Committee on Substance Abuse and Habitual Behavior and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D. C. God, G. B., 1976, Low-risk cigarettes: A prescription, Science 194:1243-1245. God, G. B., 1980, A summary appraisal, in: Banbury Report 3. A Safe Cigarette? (G. B. God, and F. G. Back, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. God, G. B., and Lynch, C..L, 1978, Toward less hazardons cigarettes, JAMA 240:1255- 1259. Harrison, D. F. N., 1964, Snuff--its use and abuse, Br. Med. J. 2:1649-1651. Health and Welfare Canada, 1981, The Heahh of Canadians. Report of the Canada Health Survey, Minister of Sul~ply and Services, Ottawa, Canada. (Catalogue 82-538E). Kanfman, D. W., Helmrich, S. P., Rosenbarg, L., and Miettinen, A. S., 1983, Nicotine and carbon monoxide content of cigarette smoke and the risk of myocardial infarction in young men, N. Engl. J. Med. 308:409-413. Kozlowski, L. T., 1981a, Tar and nicotine delivery of cigarettes: What a difference a puff makes, JAMA 245(2):158-159. Kozlowski, L. T., 1981b, Smokers, non-smokers, and low-tin" smoke, Lancet 1:508. Kozlowaki, L. T., 1981c, Application of some physical indicators of cigarette smoking, Addict. Behav. 6:213-219. Kozlowski, L. T., 1982a, The determinants of tobacco use: Cigarette smoking in the context of other forms of tobacco use, Canad. J. Public Health 73:236-241. Kozlowaki, L. T., 1982b, Tar and Nicotine Ratings May Be Hazardous to Your Health, Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto. Kozlowski, L. T., 1983, Perceiving '~he risks of low-yield vontilated-filter cigarettes: The problem of hole-blocking, in: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Analysis of Actual vs. Perceived Risks, (V. Covnilo, W. G. Flamm, J. Rodricks, and R. Tardiff, eds.), Plenum Press, New York. Kozlowski, L. T., 1984, Pharmacological approaches to smoking modification, in: Behavioral Health: A Handbook of Health Enhancement and Disease Prevention (J. R. Matarazzo, N. E. Miller, S. M. Weiss, J. A. Herd, and S. M. Weiss, eds.), .Iobn Wiley, New York. L80~,9890~ LESS-HAZARDOUS TOBACCO USE 327 Kozlowski, L. T., Rickert, W., Robinson, .I., and Grunherg, N. E., 1980, Have tar and nicotine yields of cigarettes changed? Science 209:1550--I 55 I. Kozlowski, L. T., Director, .L, and Hafford, M. A., 1981, Tobacco dependence, restraint, and time to the first cigarette of the day, Addict. Behav. 6:307-312. Kozlowski, L. T., Appel, C.-P., Frecker, R. C,, and Khouw, V,, 1982a, Nicotine, a prescdbable drug available without prescription, Lancet 1:334. Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., and Lei, H., 1982b, Nicodnc yields of cigarettes, plasma nicotine in smokers and public health, Prey. Med. 11:240-244. Kozlowski, L. T., Rickert, W. S., Pope, M. A., Robinson, I. C., and Frecker, R. C., 1982c, Estimating the yield to smokers of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide from the "lowest-yield" ventilated-filter cigarettes, Br. J. Addict. 77:159-165. Lakoff, G., and .lohnson, M., 1980, "Metaphors We Live By," University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Lee, P. N., and Garlinkel, L., 1981, Morality and type of cigarette smoked, J. Epidemiol. Commun, Health 35:16-22. Lindblom, C. E., and Cohen, D. K., 1979, "Usable Knowledge," Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. ' Marks, L., 1982, Policies and postures in smoking control, Br. Med. J. 284:391-395. Marx, .I.L., 1978, Health officials fired up over "tolerable" cigarettes, Science 201:795-798. McCusker, K., McNabb, E., and Bone, R., 1982, Plasma nicotine levels in pipe smokers, JAMA 248(5):577-578. Moody, P. M., 1980, The relationship of quantified human smoking behavior and demographic variables, Sac. Sci. Med. 14A:49-54. Morals, J. N., 1980, Are health ~rvices important to the people's health? Br. Med. J. 280:167-168. Nlshett, R., and Ross, L., 1980, "Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Sncial ,Iudg¢- ment," Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Raw, M., 1978, The treatment of cigarette dependence, in: Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems, Vol. 4, (Y. Israel, F. B. Glaser, H. Kalant, R. E. Popbam, W. Schmidt, and G. Smart, eds.), pp. ,M1-485, Plenum Press, New York. Robinson, J. C., Young, J, C., and Rickert, W. S., 1982, A comparative study of the amount of smoke absorix~ from low yield ('less hazardous') cigarettes, part 1: Non-invasive measures, Br. J. Addict. 77:383-397. Rose, G., 1981, Strategy of prevontion: Lessons from cardiovascular disease, Br. Med. J. 252:!847-1851. Royal College of Physicians, 1977, Smoking or Health, Pitman, London. Russell, M. A. H., Wilson, C. Taylor, C., and Baker, C. D., 1979, Effect of general practitioners' advice against smoking, Br. Med. J, 2:231-235. Russell, M. A. H., Jarvis, M. J., and Feyorahend, C., 1980a, A new age for snuff7 Lancet 1:474--475. Russell, M. A. H., Jarvis, M., Iyer, R., and Feyerahend, C., 1980b, Relation of nicotine yield of cigarettes to blo~l nicntine concentrations in smokers, Br. Med. J. 280:972-976. Russell, M. A. H., Sutton, S. R., lye.r, R., Feyerabend, C., and Vesey, C. J., 1982, Long-term switching to low-tar low-nicotine cigarettes, Br. J. Addict. 77:145-15g, Ryle, G., 1949, The Concept of Mind, Barnes and Noble, New York. Scbachter, S., 1981, Self-treatment of smoking and obesity, Canad. J. Public Health 72:401-406. Sehachter, S., Silverstein, B., Kozlowski, L. T., Pertick, D., Herman, C. P., and Liebling, B., 1977, Studies of the psychological and phannacelogical determinants of smoking, J. F.~. Psychol. [Gen.] 106:3-40. Seltzer, C. C., 1972, Differences between cigar and pip~ smokers in healthy white veterans, Arch. Environ. Health 25:187-191. Shekelle, R. B., Liu, S., Raynor, W. J., Jr., Lepper, M., Maliza, C., Rossof, A. H., Paul, O., Shyrock, A. M., and Stamler. L, 1981, Dietary vitamin A and risk of cancar in the Western Electric study, Lancet 2(8267):1185-1190.

LYNN T. KOZLOWSKI $ilverstein, B., 1982, Cigarette smoking, nicotine addiction, and relaxation, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 42(5):946-950. SHverstein, B.. Feld, S., and Kozlowski, L. T., 1980, TI~ availability of iow-nicotine cigarettes as a cause of cignre~ smoking arrm, rtg teenage female.s, J. Health So~. Behav. 21:383-388. Silverstein, B., Kelly, E., Swan, J., and Koziowski, L. T., 1982, Physiological predisposition toward becoming a cigarette smoker: Experimental evider~m for a sex diffczence, Addict. Behav. 7:83-86. Slovic, P., Fischoff, B., and Lichtenstein, S., 1977, Behavioral ¢~cision theory, Armu. Rev. Psychol. 28:1-39. Stewart, G. G., 1967, A history ofth~ medicinal uses of tolmcco, Med. Hist. 11:228-268. Turner, L A. McM., Sillett, R. W., and McNicol, M. W., 1977, Effect of cigar smoking on carhoxyha~moglobin and plasma nicotine concerarations in primary pipe and cigar smokers and ex-cigm'ett* smokers, Br. Med. J. 2:1387-1389. Turner, J. A. McM., Sillett, R. W., and McNicol, M. W., 1981, The inhaling habits of pipe smokers, Br. J. Dis. Chest 75:71-76. U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, 1979, Smoking and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General, (Publication No, (PHS) 79-50066), U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. O. S. l~nt of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1980, The Health Con- sequences of Smoking for Women, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1980 0-326-003, Wash- ington, D. C. U, S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1981, The Health Cen- sequences o/Smoking: The Changing Cigarette, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. U. S. Department of Health and Human S~wices, Public Health Service, 1982, The Health Con- sequences o/Smoking: Cancer, U, S, Government Printing Office, 1982 0-367-198/579, Wash- ington, D. C. Vntuc, C., and Kurme, M., 1982, Lung cancer in women in relation to tar yields of cigarettes, Prey. Med. 11:713-716. Waid, N. L, Idle, M., Boreham, L, Bailey, A., ~nd Van Vunakis, H., 1981, Serum cotininc icveis in pipe smokers: Evidence against nicotine as a cause of coto~ry heart disea~, Lance~ 2:775-777. Waruer, K. E., 1979, Toward less hazardo~ts cigarettes, JAMA 241:2143. Warner, K. E., and Mutt, H. A., 1982, Impact of the anti-smoking campaign on smoking prevalence: A cohort analysis, J. Public Health Policy 3:374-3~). Index Accidental injuries as a consequence of alcohol consumption, 150, 164-165, 168, 173-174 Acupuncture, effect on endorphin levels in human drag addiction, 1 I Adeaylate cyclase, effect of opiates o~, 7-9 Ad~icotrophic hormone (ACTH), effect of naloxone on, 1 I Age as variable in study of driver impairment and alcohol-related collisions, 242, 243, 247-248, 250-251 as variable in study of etiology of alcoholism, 280-281 as variable in study and treatment of nonopiate dependency, 292 as variable in study of tobacco use, 322, 323 Alcohol abuse animal models of, 36-38 definitions, 185-187 environmental factors leading to, 52-55 etiology, contribution of prospective studies to understanding of, 265-285 genetics, 27-28, 47-87, 269 psychological and social consequences of, 164, 271 typology, 279 assessment of use by patients in treatment, 183-203 consumption effects of drugs on, 30-31 methods of studying, 24-27 Alcohol (cont.) censumption (cont.) and occurrence of ischemic heart disease, 99-140, 162 techniques and problems in measurement of, 209-223 metabolism, 58-61, 195-196, 234 as reinforcer, 25.26, 28, 29, 32, 33-34 role In driver impaimmm and collisions, 227-258 studies of self administration by experimental ~mimals, 23-39 physical health probicms associated with, 149-176 Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in alcohol metabolism, 59 Aicohol Dependence Scale (ADS), 188 Alcohol dependence syndrome, 186; see also Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption AMoholics Anonymous, 284-285 Alcohol Level Evaluation Roadside Tester (A.LE.R,T.), 231,242 Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and facial flushing, 60-61 Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosiue, and alcohol intake, Amphetamines, 302 Anemia, as consequences of alcoholism, 150 Angina pectoris (AP), association with alcohol consumption, 116 Antidepressants, ~cyclic, in treatment of nonopiate drag abuse, 295 Anxiety as consequence of alcohol consumption, 271 etiologic role in alcoholism, 272 329