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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I #110 AUTHOR (S): ZWICKER, GARY M., RONALD E. RLIPY, JAMES F. PARK, SUSAN M. LOSCUTOFF, HARVEY A. RAGAN AND DONALD L. STEVENS. DATE= 1978 TITLE= CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN BEAGLE DOGS CITATION: Arch. Pathol Lab. Med. 102= 623-628 (1978) STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen young adult male beagles were used in this study. 12 of the dogs were separated into four equal groups and exposed to smoke from high (4.6 mg) or low (1.4 mg) nicotine cigarettes, administered in six or 12 cigarettes per day. Two control groups, sham exposed and nontracheostomized, consisted of three dogs each. The dogs were exposed seven days per week for five months. RNDINGS/RESULTS: Tracheobronchitis developed in smoke-exposed dogs; gross lesions were generally confined to the lungs and tracheogronchial lymph nodes. Histopathological changes were found in all smoke-exposed dogs, with slightly more severe or extensive lesions in dogs exposed to 12 cigarettes per day. The incidence and severity of rhinitis, turbinate basal epithelial cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia were increased among dogs in the high nicotine cigarette groups. CONCLUSIONS/COMMENTS: This study was in preparation for continuing experiments with a greater number of dogs per group observed over a longer period of exposure. The results of this experiment suggest that with this smoke-exposure system, 12 cigarettes per day is reasonable exposure regimen for those experiments designed to maximize dose. To minimize acute and/or subacute effects, which may lead to early mortality, the smoke exposures should be spread over at least an eight hour period each day for long term studies.