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I I ! I I I I I I ! I I I i I I I I ~92 AUTHOR: ROGERS, WALTER R., K.D. CAREY, C. ALEX McMAHAN, MILKA M. MONTIEL, GLEN E. MOTT, HERMAN S. WIGODSKY, AND HENRY C. McGilI, Jr. DATE; 1988 TITLE: CIGARETTE SMOKING, DIETARY HYPERLIPIDEMIA, AND EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN THE BABOON. CITATION: EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 48, 135-151 (1988) STUDY DESIGN: In separate experiments, 30 male and 25 female baboons were fed a diet enriched In cholesterol and saturated fat for periods of 3.3 and 2.6 years. The baboons were trained to puff on smoking machines in a human-like manner. Half of the animals smoke more than 40 cigarettes/day, while the remaining animals (controls) puffed air. The cigarette smoking group received University of Kentucky 2R1 research cigarettes. (44.6 mg TPM, 36.8 mg tar, and 2.63 mg nicotine). RESULTS/FINDINGS: Initially, the diet produced twofold (males) and threefold (females) times elevations from baseline levels in serum cholesterol concentrations, but over the course of the experiments, the serum cholesterol decreased to 1.5 (males) and 2.0 (females) times base levels in both cigarette smokers and controls. Blood carbon monoxide concentration, plasma thiocyanate concentration, and urine cotinine concentration were significantly greater in smokers than in controls. Responses to smoking in males included lymphocytosis, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, and decreased seminal vesicle weight. In females, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations were elevated. The extent of atherosclerosis was examined after 2.8 (males) and 1.6 (females) years of smoking. Among males, the extent of lesions in carotid arteries was significantly greater in smokers than in controls, but there were no significant differences in atherosclerosis in the aorta or the brachial, lilac-femoral, or coronary arteries. Among females, there were not significant differences in atherosclerosis between smokers and controls in any artery. CONCLUSIONS: These experiments show little effect of 2 to 3 years of cigarette smoke inhalation and concurrent modest elevation of blood carboxyhemoglobin on experimental artherosclerosis in the presence of moderate hyperlipidemia.