Tobacco Documents Online

[14] Stumphuis, J., Epidemiology of mesothelioma on Walcheren Island, Brit. J. Ind. Med., 28, 59 (1971). [15] Selikoff, I. J., Churg, J., and Hammond, E. C., Asbestos exposure and neoplasia, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 188, 22 (1964). [16] Newhouse, M. L., A study of the mortality of workers in an asbestos factory, Brit. J. Ind. Med., 26, 294 (1969). [17] Knox, J. F., Holmes, S., Doll, R., and Hill, I. D., Mortality from lung cancer and other causes among workers in an asbestos textile factory, Brit. J. Ind. Med. 25, 293 (1968). (18] Criteria for a recommended standard for occupational exposure to asbestos, U. S. Department of Health, Educationa and Welfare, Public Health Service, Health Services and Mental Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, HSM N72-10267, Washington, 0. C. 1973. [19] Lynch, J. R., Ayer, H. E., and Johnson, 0. L., The interrelationships of selected asbestos exposure indices, Amer. Ind. Hyg. J., 31, 598 (1970). [20] Thompson, R. J., personal communication, preprint R. J. Thompson and G. B. Morgan, Determination of asbestos in ambient air, May 2, 1973. [21] Wesolewski, J. J., Asbestos in the California environment, Air and Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Report, AIHL #164, California State Department of Health, Berkeley, California, May, 1974. [22] Fulkerson, W. and Goeller, W. E. , (eds.), Cadmium: the dissipated element, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Report #ORNL-NSF-EP-21, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1973. [23] Occupational exposure to asbestos; notice of proposed rulemaking, Federal Reaister, 40, 197 (October 9, 1975). [24] Bruckman, L., Hyne, E., and Norton, P., A low volume particulate ambient air sampler, paper presented at the Speciality Conference: Measurement Accuracy as it Relates to Regulation Compliance, New Orleans, Louisiana, October 1975. [25] Clifton, R. A., Asbestos, preprint from the 1972 Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 1975. [26] Bruckman, L. , Monitored asbestos concentrations indoors, paper presented at the Fourth Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants, November 6-11, 1977, New Orleans, Louisiana. Discussion NOTE: Discussion of this paper was included in the General Discussion at the end of this session. 190

Each of the subject point sources are in compliance with NESHAPS and other existing state and federal air quality regulations. Ambient asbestos levels adjacent to the three toll plazas on 1-95 were also elevated (in the 10 qg/m3 to 25 Ig/m3 range), implicating asbestos emissions from vehicle brake lining decomposition as a significant source of airborne asbestos fibers. Asbestos concentrations at the rural toll plaza (11,000 cars/day eastbound lane; 12,000 cars/day westbound lane) were 10 qg/m3 (eastbound lane) and 14 rig/m3 (westbound lane); there are no known industrial users of asbestos near this rural toll station. Asbestos levels at one of the urban toll plazas (28,000 cars/day eastbound lane; 27,500 cars/day westbound lane) were 3 qng/m3 (Administration Building, south side of highway) and 25 ng/m3 (westbound lane). The asbestos concentration at the other urban toll plaza (27,000 cars/day eastbound lane; 28,000 cars/day westbound lane), which is also located near one of the largest industrial users of asbestos in Connecticut (i.e., the aforementioned friction products manufacturer), was 41 qg/m3 (Administration Building, south side of highway); this was the highest concentration measured during the subject survey. The ratio of the maximum asbestos concentration measured at the first urban toll plaza to that at the rural toll station was approximately equal to the ratio of the number of cars/day passing through each toll plaza (i.e., 1.8 versus 2.3) during the sampling interval. All of the aforementioned measured asbestos levels were 30-day average values, except the 41 qg/m3 concentration, which was approximately a 20-day average value (due to a sampler malfunction). In addition to the ambient air asbestos survey described above, asbestos levels were also measured indoors at the boy's swimming pool located in the University of Connecticut's field house. The ceiling covering this pool was sprayed with an asbestos-containing insu- lating compound in 1955 and then re-sprayed some 10 years later. Chunks of this coating have been falling from this exposed ceiling for some two years. Analyses of a bulk sample of the ceiling material by the Connecticut State Department of Health revealed evidence of asbestos fibers (between 10-30%) within fiberglass and binding material. Subsequent electron microscopic analyses of the ceiling material by the Battelle-Columbus Laboratories indicated that the asbestos was of the amphibole variety. Four (4) long-term (i.e., 30-day) air ' samples were collected at various locations at the pool. Identical sampling techniques ~ were used for both the indoor and outdoor air asbestos surveys. These indoor samples are ; being analyzed for amphibole asbestos using transmission electron microscopy and energy ~ dispersive electron-diffraction by Walter C. McCrone Associates, Inc. The results of this : indoor asbestos survey will be reported at a later data [26]. Conclusions and Recommendations Connecticut's studies to-date indicate the existence of a potential health hazard posed by airborne asbestos fibers which warrants further investigation. Firstly, additional ambient asbestos monitoring should be performed as soon as possible to: 1) define the month-to-month variations in ambient asbestos levels at various locations, primarily in densely populated areas contiguous to manufacturing sources of asbestos emissions and especially those locations which already exhibited asbestos concentrations in excess of Connecticut's standard, 2) further quantify, asbestos levels near toll stations, the relation- ship between traffic counts and ambient asbestos concentrations, and determine how asbestos levels decline with increasing distance fraa a toll plaza, 3) define ambient asbestos concentrations contiguous to different types of demolition operations and how rapidly these levels approach background concentrations after the demolition activity is completed, and 4) quantify the hazard posed by asbestos concentration indoors where it is suspected that asbestos-containing spray-on materials are fraying and flaking. 188