Philip Morris
Engineering Alternatives for Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
Fields
- Author
- Bohanon, H.R., J.R.
- Area
- ELLIS,CATHY/OFFICE
- Type
- SCRT, REPORT, SCIENTIFIC
- CHAR, CHART, GRAPH, TABLE, MAPS
- DRAW, DRAWING
- PHOT, PHOTOGRAPH
- CHAR, CHART, GRAPH, TABLE, MAPS
- Document File
- 2057077047/2057077298a/Missing
- Named Organization
- Ashrae, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating + Air-Conditioning Engineers
- OSHA, Occupational Safety & Health Administration
- Site
- R461
- Litigation
- Iwoh/Produced
- Attachment
- 2057077257/2057077291
- Author (Organization)
- RJR, R.J.Reynolds
- Date Loaded
- 17 Apr 1999
- UCSF Legacy ID
- rdn13e00
Document Images
ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO
SMOKE CONTROL
Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr. PE
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
L~ZLLoLM
OSHA's Proposed Rule on IAQ
There is no reason to single out ETS from
all other indoor air constituents
Properly ventilated spaces have very low
levels of indoor air contaminants
OSHA's proposed rules for ETS are costly
and unnecessary
Sli,ml seizLLOLM
hb-osha-01/95
ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS
FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
by
Hoy Bohanon
Real-world measures of ETS
must account for:
Ventilation rates - must be measured in
addition to measuring chemical
concentrations
Smoking activity - must be assessed by
counting people and cigarettes
Chemicals - must be representative of the
presence of ETS in a quantitative sense.
Slide 2 00~L~,~0r,~0g hb-osha-O1/95
Steady State Relationship Between
Ventilation and Concentration for
Constant Source Strength
Ventilation
Slide 3 MUQL~0~ hb-osha-O1/95
Real-world measures of ETS
must account for:
Ventilation rates - must be measured in
addition to measuring chemical
concentrations
Smoking activity - must be assessed by
counting people and cigarettes
Chemicals - must be representative of the
presence of ETS in a quantitative sense.
Slide 4 hb-osha-ol/95 ',
Four Tests submitted to OSHA
Study of Four Large Office Buildings
Study of One High Rise Office Building
Study of a 5500 square foot Office Space
Restaurant Study
Slide 5 hb-osha-0l/95'
Results of Indoor Air Quality
Sampling for Two Buildings
controlled to Minimum
ASHRAE Ventilation Rate
MUQ(a~©9
Slide 6
Carbon Dioxide (ppm)
~
Slide 7
a
TLV
®
Smoking
Restricted
hb-osha-01/95
Methylene Chloride QigIm3)
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
TLV
99ZV-0Le,J0Z
Slide 8
Smoking
Restricted
hb-osha-01 /95
Toluene (jig!m3)
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
TLV
j 9~U0L~09
Slide 9
Smoking
Restricted
hb-osha-01/95
Styrene Q1tg/m3)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
SI9z r 1.~0L ~ 0z
Slide 10
TLV
Smoking
Restricted
hb-osha-01/95
Formaldehyde (ppm)
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
TLV
Smoking
Restricted
Slide 11 hb-osha-01/95
Carbon Monoxide (ppm)
0L
51ide 12
TLV
Smoking
Restricted
hb-osha-0 1/9 5
Benzene (tg/m3)
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
I~91L0L~0z
Slide 13
TLV
Smoking
Restricted
hb-osha-01/9 5
Nicotine (jig/m3)
500
400
300
200
100
TLV
7~Zr.~0L~0z
M
;~:.... ._ .
K9
Smoking
~,
,,,~s:~
Restricted
Slide 14 4 hb-osha-01/95
RSP, (tg/m3)
TLV
!~~~~1a0~~0~
Smoking
Restricted
Note: TLV is for total particulate matter not otherwise regulated
Slide 15 hb-osha-01/95
Study of One High Rise Office Building
Concentrations of most ETS indicators
varied inversely with ventilation rate and
directly with smoking activity.
The indicators were, nicotine, 3-EP, UVPM,
and FPM.
Such behavior is consistent with predictions
from physical models
RSP did not exhibit this relationship
rG~~,~o~,ao~
Slide 16 hb-osha-01/95
Study of 5500 sq.ft. Office
q tz LLOLejoz
Slide 17
lthru 6
A
L
L
W
A
Y
Designated Smoking Area
Sampling Locations
Slthru S10
Locations where cigarettes were smoked
Ouls ide Air
Sh.ft
C
hb-osha-01 l95
Carbon Monoxide (ppm)
affected by Ventilation
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
9t ZI!L L 0 L ~ ©9
Slide 18
Outdoors
Damper -
OPEN
Dam per -
CLOSED
Nicotine (jig/m3) nonsmoking area
affected by Separation & Ventilation
7.2
1
L ~ ~L ~'.~OLei 09
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Integrated - Integrated - Separated - Separated -
Damper - Damper - Damper Damper
CLOSED OPEN CLOSED OPEN
Slide 19 hb-osha-01/95
RSP Qig/m3)
Outdoors
- Non
smoking
Sm oking
hb-osha-01/95
Slide 20
UVPM Qig/m3)
affected by Ventilation
Outdoors
Damper -
OPEN
Damper -
CLOSED
FPM (ig/m3)
affected by Ventilation
Outdoors
Damper -
OPEN
Damper -
CLOSED
ETS-RSP Qig/m3) by solanesol
affected by Ventilation
0
T SZ 4, 4, OL ~ OZ
Slide 23 smoking -
Damper-
CLOSED nonsmoking
Damper -
CLOSED smoking
Damper -
OPEN nonsmoking
Damper -
OPEN
b-osha-01/95
Conclusions from 5500 sq.ft.
office test
During days where outside air dampers
were opened and smoking was in the
designated area; C02 CO, RSP, UVPM,
were essentially the same as outdoor levels
Overall levels are low compared to OSHA's
estimates of ETS workplace concentrations
Under all conditions, the levels are many
times lower than TLV limits '
Slide 24
hb-osha-01 /95
Restaurant Study
Protocol
Select restaurants with many smoking
patrons
Test air quality for one week
Modify HVAC system with intent of
improving IAQ
Test air quality for one week after changes
~~z~:~:or soz
Slide 25 hb-osha-01/95
Diagram of Restaurant Tested
4~ Exiscmg Ductvwrk
® New Ductwork & Fan
Slide 26
Pre-Filter hb-osha-01 /95
~
~ '~t' N O ~ t~U ~
r r !~ T
0
O
E
cn
c
-
L
p
i\.:
CC
C77
Conclusions from Restaurants
In cases where high levels of CO, nicotine,
3-EP, and particulate matter were found,
reductions were achieved.
In other cases, better control of thermal
comfort resulted.
Positive comments were received from
customers, restaurant owners, and workers.
9R9L4OLM
Slide 28 hb-osha-Ql/95
SUMMARY
All markers and indicators fit the theoretical
ventilation-concentration model at high
concentrations
For very low levels of any substance, the
relationships are hidden by noise from
uncontrolled factors and variance of
measurement techniques. Most affected are
' RSP, CO, and nicotine.
Slide 29 hb-osha-Ol/95
SUMMARY (cont.)
The markers of ETS exhibit the same
characteristics as markers for other
substances such as CO2 or TVOC.
Therefore, one must conclude that the same
techniques, namely ventilation and
filtration, can be used for tobacco smoke.
SSZUIOLM
Slide 30 hb-osha-o1/95
OSHA's Proposed Rule on IAQ
There is no reason to single out ETS from
all other indoor air constituents
Properly ventilated spaces have very low
levels of indoor air contaminants
OSHA's proposed rules for ETS are
costly and unnecessary
Gst> > 04~dz
Slide 31 hb-osha-01 /95
Many economic, enforcement, and
logical deficiencies of the proposed
rule would be eliminated by treating
environmental tobacco smoke as any
other indoor air component
Cost
Enforcement
Justification
oozftoLM
Slide 32
CONCLUSION
There is no reason to single out ETS from
all other indoor air constituents
Properly ventilated spaces have very low
levels of indoor air contaminants
OSHA's proposed rules for ETS are costly
and unnecessary.
I69U,04M
Slide 33 hb-osha-O1/95
