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S I/ IMNIGRANT WORKPLACE HEALTH AND S75rETY ISSUES Sim C M.. MPH and KoblcS-Urdun. C. While all workcrn suffer from etposure to harrrcktus working conditions. forcign-bom, non-linglr.h speaking lalino workers who srt unfamilinr with their legai rights are vcr) likely to suffcr from e:cessive rates of injury and illness on the job. Morenocr, as thc numher oi Latino immigrants working in Ihis country crnttinues tn grow e<pcmennallr, n becomes important to develop innovaiive and cuttunll}-appropnauc strategies for reaching this population. One such effon is the use of 'health and cafety promnters' to build on the natunl self-heip and leadership capacily of community residents to address the needs of Latinn workers. '1'his paper reports on thc tindings and implications of a public education effort, using hcalih and safety prommers• to raise community awariness about hazardous working conditions and workers' Iegal rights to a safe and healthy workplace. It discusses how the use or the promoter model is successful in providing education and outreach in the arca of occupauonal safety and health. The paper makes programmatic and methodologscai recommendations for working with Latino populations in the area of health and safety'. CULTURAILY APPKUPRIATE OUIRCACH Ill SMOKING COti1ROL PkOGRANS: THE CASE OF COMMIT Linda Nettekoven antl KLlly CQrhelt (fo• the COMHIT Resesrch u In con*+unity-based efforts to reduce smoking. targeting special pnpulations such as biue collar workers, women. the poor, and some ethnically defined strogreups can be a challenge. He>+ can a large-scale'heaith promotion project effecttvely reach tnese smokers and persuade lhem to quil? This paper describes strategies and experiences of seven COMHII sites tn outreach, education, and interventions s,hich especially target minority smokers. Data from prnjecl 1-ecords and qualitattve interv iew< with field staff and cn^stunity volunterrs are cra%n on to illustrale processes an:f outcomrs of pro)ect st rltegi es. ln= eTphasis is on success^s and failures in the 'n^•*•to` of carrying out culturally appropriate inlervent~ors lhrough the organixatton o( the p~'oject and use of com,un,t~ coal+tton.s. worksites, communlty organiZations, ind the meo~a. vREVENTI'16 ALCOS+PL AS;? cU3~Tt.4~E ABUSE 'h v1NC~:•' RECCNT RESULTC FRnH A5A' TRA!V'.N9 AYf? ;JErKls;cre~.-!nq ocrr.R:.yS ';ine w'allerstein, Or•c "; k... 'doodalt, Ph.D.t :.A_Do_._`!.=.•. V A-_'buoF6rne, Ts 4., R.4. (IniverSitV7 r Ner. °e~TCo T,,e Afco~ioT snd Suhstarce lbuse oreventfon ercr'-em (d5'•e) .,ti''=es er. affective, connittve, and sociatlv-based dialco,,e model in nreventinro substance abuse ar+ono adotescents from nieh ri5imino,'itv coT'unrties. The prooram currently uses two orevent'on mpdel5• one is a hosnitat and detention center exoerience, and the other is hesed in the classroom. Both models use protectinr.motivation theory, e'^Cowerment theorv, and adolescent health p•o^ntlJn thecry principles, In the n:soital and detention center rrodet. mid•schonl stuaentc are trained 1^ ccmmunication skills and thpn inlervle- nett^r;s e^n tnmete,, i:3at :he', !,,^e•tences „ith suhstance ehuse. Stw'en's discuss what ;^rv lea"^ ~sinc a SU'ucturH' d0lo0pe me'hic. and then drvelnn + soCiil act'Ja o'an Sr hecne+e peer teacher, i" thrir cCn0ol5 ead co•m-ities. :c the a'+at ke Can Do ssodel (claasrno-0a5rc ^+nde1). stude^ts rreate art: reart tr discussion trtqqeri vol.7tr'! L^ 5ubstar,e ahu5e. then er.ptqS a 5lructurec dtaloque methcd to urocess their learnino exner"erces, an: a'sc de:eloo a cortmunity action plan. The proDOSeo oaner w'.) reoort on two pro(ects that demonstrate and evaluate these models. Outcoe+e and process data will be presented. PREVENTION WORXS: TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION 1976-1990 Larry A. 6eitz. Ph.D. The percentage of high school seniors who have had at leaat one or more drug education oourse or lecture in hi or her school has remained constant over the past 15 years. One could easily conclude that little has changed over this time period regarding substance bu u education. However, this is not the caee. 4ignifioant changes have occurred in the type, number, and effect of drug education courses. Concomitant with these changes have been an increase in the nuaber of different reasons fornot using or stopping the use of illicit substances, an increase in their perceived harmful consequences, an increase in disapproval, and an accompanying decreaae in drug use. This presentation provides a detailed analysis of these changes ln drug educaton and their related effects. Data is presented from the University of Michigan's National High School Senior Survey. This is a national random survey, conducted on an annual basis, of approximately 17,000 high school seniors across the country. J.ONG TERM PREVENTION OF TOBACCO USE AMONG JLTIIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDE*fTS THROUGH CLASSROOM AND TELEPHONE DIP-RVENTIONS Laun Eckha_rdl. MPH. )ohn Elder. PhD. MPH, M±nanne Wildev MPH Ann n Dieso Stsle llnivenitv San Diefo Califomis A psychosoaal mtervenpon combininE refusa) skills training, contineencv management and other tobacco-use prevention melhodologies such as telephone and mail boosters ws.s implemented in ona-half of 22junior high schools in San Diego (CA) County. Of the inioal 3.655 panicipsnts 5496 were Whndnon-Hispanic and 27% Hispanic, College undergnduaws served as change agents for both the clusroom and booster intervendons, the lattcr of which was deGvered in A,_ thud (9th gade) year o( the program. At the end of the thirl ycu, the prevalence of tot'seco use within the previous week wts 7.3% among the intervention studenu and r.f.g§G among the controls. yielding an odds•ndo of .66 for analysis at the school level. The intervention wu most effecdve for Hispanics and leut effective for non•Hispsnic mino•rty groups, A strong tneking protocol, necessary (or following the highly mobile population. led to a high retention of participants at the final measurement Use of college unr'erIIaduate change agents and direct one-to-one telephoru interventions appear to provide cost-effeedve behavior modificadon• The prtsenudon wilt discuss intervention components, results, tsacking proceduros, and eost• effecdveness of the project 3171 EDUCATING FARMWORKERS N SAFETY AND HEALTH NORTH CAROLINA Gustavo_Saldiasi HPH North Carolina's migrant farmworker population is largely composed of Latinos who have migrated to ehe lIS in recent years. Because of a pervasive unfamilfarity with worker protection laws and other relevant health tssues, €armvorkers Legal Services of North Carolina created the Worker Safety and Health Pro7ect to provide information to this population through a statewide worker education program. The WSH Project tnvolves s+orkcrs in presentatsons addressing a variety of topscs rang:ng fror pesticlde safety to AIDS. Principles of Popular Educatson ar. applied to effectively commintcate information to workers. Presenter will describe the techntques used, and demonstrate how these techniques can be invaluable in health education programs. V 3173 lvt] SUSE OF THE SCIENTIFIC UTERATURE BY THE TOBACCO Ih'DUSTRY gsro and S Glan z Ins for Heahh Pohcv S ds Univ of Caldomia San Franciscn CA In hta)l 1990, thc USEPA released for public eomment a draft risk assessment tdentdying environmenul tobacco smoke (ETS) as a cause of lung carscer in adults and respiralory problems in children. We snalyzed the comments and literature cited to determine if the' tobacco industry attempted to create scfenufic eontroversy• where none existed. Seventy- two perant (118/165) of the comments cnticized the draft as an tncomplete and selective analysis of the sdentific literature which contained suustivllv flawed and inconclusive dau. The high proportion of critical comments suggested that the draft had invalid conclusions, but eaammation of the comments revealed differences in the nature and sources of critical comments eomparsd to commenu that supponed the draft (p<O.oOI) Eighty-four percent of the critical commenu were prepared by consulunts with financial ttcs to the tobacco industry or the industry itself. Comments supporung the draft were submntcd primanly by university faculty (34% of supporting comments) of government health agencies (305F). To test the hypothesis that the literature searchperformed by the EPA was inadequate as claimed in the eritica) comments, we compared the elutions in the EPA draft to those in the aiucal commenu There was s difference in the citation ptttema (p<0 001). Thinyone percent (123f391) of the EPA citations were on ETS health effects compartd to 15AE (235f1620) of the citations in the criucal comments. Thtny-nine percent of the ciuuoru in the critical amments were o( unreferted material compared to 2$SL of the etutions in the EPA draft (p<9.CQ1). Our findmgs suggest that the tobacco tndustry used the public cornment period to crcau eontrovorry, by hlnng eoruultanu to ctuciu the dtaft, primarily on the basis of unreferoed souras rat relevant to the health effects of ETS. FILMS DO NOT REFLECT CURRENT TOBACCO USE. (jei n . t.hmn Ph D Stanton A. Glsnrr. Ph.D. Dorrsestic eiguttte smokinj has been falhng 5% per year since the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health (1964). Despite this decline, the movie Industry continues to portray smoking ss noraudve behaviot•. We studied whether Rlm representation of sobaeco use are congruent with changes in the public's smoking behavior. We ezamined a random sample of two of the 20 top•grossing U.S. films each year from 1960 to 1990 (n-62). There was no statistically signifscant decline In overall tobacco use. Ftims continue to pot•ony smokers as successful, white males in their tnost productive years. Although smoking among major charuters has fallen over time, it has remained rroarly twia as prevdent as in reality. In the 1960s, 63l. of leading eharscters were smokers eompared to 34% cpanble socio-economic sutus (college educated). In the 1970s, 73% of leads were Omkers compued to 32% of the eomparable U.S public. In the 1980s, 557% of the movie elites wcre smokers compared to 31% of the eompanble U.S. public. Filmmtkers over-rcpresent elites as smokers. The only tobaceo-related vtrisble that declined signtficantiy was the presence of ashtrays (e05). The decline in the pcsentation of ashPa)'s suggests that prop nunagers are reflecting changing tobacco norms and that tobacco use per se is becomsng trare delibcnte The evidence suggests that smoking in the movies is more consistent with the irruges of h)gh sutus and success than the realip• of tab.ew use in America bday. ABSTRACTS 293 ~Ry T -4