Philip Morris
Fields
- Area
- DUNHAM,JOHN/OSTRONIC CRAWFORD FILES
- Type
- REPT, REPORT, OTHER
- FOOT, FOOTNOTES
- Litigation
- Stmn/Produced
- Named Organization
- 1981 Natl Conference on Smoking + Health
- 39th World Health Assembly
- 41st World Health Assembly
- Addiction Research Center
- Advisory Commission
- Advocacy Inst
- Air Conservation Comm
- Alvin H Perlmutter
- Amed, American Medical Association
- American Cancer Society
- American Council on Science + Health
- American Heart Assn
- American Hospital Assn
- American Journal of Disease of Children
- American Journal of Public Health
- American Lung Assn
- American Lung Assn of Mi
- American Medical News
- American Public Health Assn
- American Society for the Control of Canc
- American Univ
- Americans for Nonsmokers Rights
- Annual Scientific Session
- Apo, Arnold & Porter
- Archives of Dermatology
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Archives of Neurology
- Archives of Opthalmology
- Archives of Otolaryngology
- Archives of Pathology + Lab Medicine
- Archives of Surgery
- Ash, Action on Smoking & Health
- Automatic Data Processing
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Boca Raton
- Boston Dept of Health + Hospitals
- Boston Univ
- Brems Eastman
- Brookings Institution
- Bureau of Community Dental Programs
- Califano Ross
- Canadian Nonsmokers Rights Assn
- Cancer Research Inst
- Carnegie Corporation of Ny
- Cats Affiliates Newsletter
- Cats News Media Letter
- Centers for Disease Control
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia
- Chrysler
- Citizens Against Tobacco Smoke
- Coalition on Smoking or Health
- Commerce Comm
- Communications Comm
- Community Education Comm
- Congress
- Constituent Relations Comm
- Democratic Natl Comm
- Dep
- Dept Army
- Dept Def
- Development Comm
- Dewars
- Division of Dental Health
- Doctors Ought to Care
- Emergency Medical Services Comm
- Emory Univ
- Epa, Environmental Protection Agency
- Federal Communications Commission
- Food + Drug Law Inst
- Ftc, Federal Trade Commission
- Geneva
- George Washington Univ
- Georgetown Univ
- Government Relations Comm
- Greater Cincinnati Coalition on Smoking
- Group Against Smoking Pollution
- Hart Rockwood
- Harvard
- Harvard Univ
- Health Administration Press
- Health Care Planning
- Hew, Dept of Health Education and Welfare
- Hhs, Dept of Health and Human Services
- Home Box Office
- Hope
- Houston Conference
- Iaco
- Iata
- Inst for the Study of Smoking Behavior +
- Interagency Comm on Smoking + Health
- Intl Union Against Cancer
- Jeffery Martin
- Johns Hopkins Univ
- Journal for Natl Cancer Inst
- Journal of the American Medical Assn
- Kellogg Foundation
- Kidder Peabody
- Lung Disease Comm
- Ma Dept of Public Health
- Martin Himmel Health Foundation
- Matt Meyers
- Md Anderson Cancer Center
- Medical Advisory Council
- Medical Policy Comm
- Mi Dept of Public Health
- Nas, Natl Academy of Sciences
- Natl Assn for the Study + Prevention of
- Natl Center for Health
- Natl Commission on Product Safety
- Natl Council on Alcoholism
- Natl Interagency Council on Smoking + He
- Natl Science Foundation
- Natl Tuberculosis + Respiratory Disease
- Natl Tuberculosis Assn
- NCI, Natl Cancer Inst
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Nida
- NIH, Natl Inst of Health
- Nonsmokers Liberation Guide
- Northwest Airlines
- Occupational Health Comm
- Office for Nonsmoking + Health
- Office of Technology Assessment
- Pacific Northwest Bell
- Pan American Health Org
- Principles of Medical Ethics
- Professional Education Comm
- Public Education Comm
- Public Health Service
- Public Law Seminars
- Rainier Bank
- Regional Executive Comm
- Research + Clinical Investigation Comm
- Research Smoking + Health Comm
- Scarc Group
- Site
- N637
- Named Person
- Adams, L.W.
- Asvall, J.E.
- Austed, O.
- Bailer, J.C. III
- Ballin, S.
- Banzhaf, J.F. III
- Bell, L.
- Blum, A.
- Califano, J.A., J.R.
- Carnes, B.
- Cherner, J.W.
- Cohen, D.
- Connolly, G.N.
- Crane, M.
- Daynard, R.
- Eastmen, S.
- Foege, W.
- Hafner, D.H.
- Henningfield, J.E.
- Jacobs, M.
- Kilburn, G.K.
- Koko
- Koop, C.E.
- Langager, R.
- Leichtman, A.
- Lowenberg, T.
- Luken
- Mahood, G.
- Malic, H.
- Mccarthy, C.
- Mcpherson, W.
- Meyers, M.L.
- Monaco, K.
- Monteverde, Hra
- Morris, W.K.
- Myers, M.
- Neuberger, M.B.
- Parton, D.
- Pertschuk, M.
- Pinney, J.
- Prince Joli Kansil
- Reagan
- Rosner, R.
- Sammons, J.H.
- Siegel, J.
- Slack, R.
- Solomon, G.O.
- Stallone, S.
- Steinfeld, J.
- Surgeon General
- Swamley, J.A.
- Synar
- Tate, C.F.
- Terry, L.
- Walker, B., J.R.
- Warner, K.E.
- Weis, W.
- Whelan, E.M.
- White, L.C.
- Winnings, A.
- Request
- Stmn/R1-072
- Attachment
- 2044702041/2044702101
- Date Loaded
- 27 Oct 1999
- UCSF Legacy ID
- dxk52d00
Document Images
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. HISTORY OF THE ANTI-SMOKING MOVEMENT
II. ANTI-SMOKING INDIVIDUALS
)
BAILER, JOHN CHRISTIAN III
BANZHAF, JOHN F. III (SEE ASH)
BLUM, DR. ALAN (SEE DOC)
CALIFANO, JOSEPH ANTHONY JR.
CHERNER, JOSEPH W.
CONNOLLY, GREGORY NILES
DAYNARD, RICHARD (SEE TPLP)
HENNINGFIELD, JACK E.
KOOP, C. EVERETT
MCCARTHY, COLMAN
MEYERS, MATTHEW L.
PERTSCHUK, MICHAEL
WARNER, KENNETH E.
WHELAN, ELIZABETH M.
WHITE, LAWRENCE C.
III. ANTI-SMOKING ORGANIZATIONS
Tobacco Only
ACTION ON SMOKING AND HEALTH (ASH)
CITIZENS AGAINST TOBACCO SMOKE (CATS)
THE COALITION ON SMOKING OR HEALTH
DOCTORS OUGHT TO CARE (DOC)
GROUP AGAINST SMOKERS' POLLUTION
THE MARTIN HIMMEL HEALTH FOUNDATION
NATIONAL INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON SMOKING AND HEALTH (NICH)
SMOKING POLICY INSTITUTE
INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF SMOKING BEHAVIOR AND POLICY
TOBACCO PRODUCTS LIABILITY PROJECT (TPLP)
General
ADVOCACY INSTITUTE (AI)
THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY
AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND HEALTH (ACSH)
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
THE AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION
THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION (APHA)
CANCER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
tIZ
O
~
IV. TOBACCO USE IN AMERICA AGENDA ~
- O
~
V. CONGRESSIONAL ANTI-SMOKING LEGISLATION - BY CATEGORY
©
~
VI. SUMMARY OF CONGRESSIONAL ANTI-SMOKING LEGISLATION - BY BILL ~
THE ANTI-SMOKING MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
The modern anti-smoking movement began with the 1964
publication of Surgeon General Luther Terry's Report on Smoking.
The 387 page report contained statements implicating cigarette
smoking as the primary cause of lung cancer, as well as a main
contributor to emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and cardiovascular
disease. This led to the placement of warning labels on cigarette
packs stating the Surgeon General's warning about the potential
health risks of smoking.
In 1968, the first organization in the country dedicated solely
to fighting "the tobacco war," was established. Action on Smoking
and Health (ASH) was started by John Banzhaf III. A year earlier,
Banzhaf had argued before the Federal Communications Commission that
cigarette ads implicitly addressed an important public health
question and that the Fairness Doctrine required broadcasters to
give opponents of smoking access to the airways. The FCC ruled in
favor of free air time, which led to an eventual $200 million worth
of air time over the next three years given to those opposed to
smoking. Congress passed legislation two years later that
prohibited all broadcast advertising of cigarettes effective January
1, 1971.
The anti-smoking efforts were stepped up in 1971, with Surgeon
General Jesse Steinfeld's announcement that exposure to "second-
hand" smoke may be dangerous to nonsmokers. Nonsmokers were
enlisted to join the fight, leading to a strong nonsmokers' rights
movement, including the formation of the Groups Against Smokers'
Pollution (GASP). The anti-smoking movement began to fight for
legislative action in order to restrict smoking in public places.
Also in 1971, due to the mounting anti-smoker pressure on airlines,
United Airlines became the first airline to assign separate seating
areas to nonsmokers.
In 1977, the American Cancer Society began its annual Great
American Smokeout, a day on which all smokers are asked to give up
smoking. The American Cancer Society has been a leading
organization in the anti-smoking battle. They focus on educating
the public, through literature, advertisements, and programs, about
the health effects of smoking.
Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, appointed by President Reagan
in 1982, became a leading national figure in the anti-smoking
crusade. In 1984, Koop along with the American Medical Association,
and the voluntary health agencies, set a national goajl of a
"Smoke-free Society by the Year 2000." During his tenure, Koop
brought about tougher warning labels on cigarette packs, a
prohibition of broadcast advertising of chewing tobacco, and more
stringent limits on public smoking. Koop's 1986 report on
Environmental Tobacco Smoke re-fueled the anti-smoking movement by
concluding that tobacco smoke was harmful to nonsmokers.
By 1988, pressure from anti-smokers groups had intensified,
leading Congress to legislate a two-year smoking ban on all domestic
i
flights of two hours or less on April 23, 1988. A few weeks prior
to the effective date of this legislation, Northwest Airlines banned
smoking on all domestic flights.
On May 16, 1988, Surgeon General Koop declared nicotine as
addictive as heroin or cocaine, and asked for an addiction warning
on all cigarette packages and advertisements. Legislation has been
introduced at the federal level to require such a warning.
In January, 1989, anti-smoking forces convened for a three day
"Tobacco Use in America" conference in Houston to discuss concerns
regarding "tobacco control" and the "critical health issues
affecting our society." The result of this meeting was an "action
blueprint" for targeting potential tobacco control legislation in
the 101st Congress. The conference was funded by the American
Medical Association in cooperation with the University of Texas.
(See Section IV for the published agenda from the meeting)
A major focus of the Houston conference was the issue of
tobacco advertising. Convinced that cigarette ads contribute to the
decision by young people to start smoking, the antis hope ultimately
to get Congress to impose a complete ban on all such advertising,
promotion, and sponsorship. Toward this end, two pieces of tobacco
advertising legislation have been introduced in Congress in 1989, by
Representatives Synar and Luken, who are well known for their
anti-tobacco efforts. These bills would impose severe content
control on advertisements of all tobacco products by prohibiting the
use of pictures, colors, models, symbols and brand name logos. In
addition to the imposition of "tombstone" advertising, these bills
would also ban advertising in sports facilities, event sponsorships
under brand names, sampling tobacco products, and movie product
placement.
At the state, county, and municipal levels, anti-smoking
ordinances, which originated in Arizona and California in the early
1970's, are now spreading across the country. Pressure from
anti-smokers and growing media attention given to the alleged
effects of environmental tobacco smoke on health have persuaded 42
states, over 600 localities, and hundreds of businesses to restrict
smoking in the workplace and other public places. The movement
claims to have reduced the proportion of Americans who smoke from
40.4% in 1965 to 29.1% today.
Over the years, anti-smokers have benefitted from tapping the
health-faddism of the late 1970's and 1980's, and by persuading
people that smoking is an aspect of their environment over which
they can exercise control. The anti-smoking forces have managed to
marshal a mushrooming new army of nonsmokers to their cause by
persuading them that they, too, are risking disease and death. The
crusade, which began with encouragement for smokers to quit for
their own good, is now fighting for the public's "right" to breathe
clean air, claiming that the rights of the smoker end where the nose
of the nonsmoker begins.
Jotm Christian Bailer III
Discipline: Physician
Born: October 9, 1932, Urbana, Illinois
Parents: John Christian Jr. and Florence Leota Bailer
Wife: Barbara Ann Powe11, September 30, 1966
Children: Elizabeth Florence
John Christian IV
Jams Work
Melissa Ann
Education: B.A. University of Colorado, 1953
MD Yale University, 1955
Intern at Colorado General Hospital, Denver, 1955-56
Ph D Ar.erican University, 1973
Professional Exp. Comnissioned Officer of United States Public Health
Service, 1956
Field Investigator of Cancer Research for National Cancer
Institute, 1962-70
Head of Denn9raphic Section of National Cancer Inst.
1962-70
Director of Third National Cancer Survey, 1967-70
Director of Research Service of US Veterans Adm., 1970-72
Deputy Associate Director of Cancer Control for National
Cancer Institute, 1972-74
Senior Consultant for Cooperative Studi.es and Editor in
Chief of Journal for National Cancer Institute, 1974-
1980.
Lecturer of Biostatistics for Harvard School of Public
Health, 1980-present
Academic Career: Lecturer School of Medicine, Yale University, 1959-present
Instructor at Graduate School of USDA, 1966-76
Visiting Prof at State University of N.Y.-Buffalo, 1974-
present.
Instructor at George Washington University, 1975-80
Visiting Professor at Harvard University, 1976-79
Neanbership: Amexican Statistics Association
Institute of Math, Statistics, and Bianetric Society
American Association for Cancer Education
American Association for Cancer Research
Office: Blair Bldg. Raan 2A09A
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Source: Who's Who in Ame.rica 41st Edition, 1980-81
Anerican Men and Women in Science 15th Edition, 1982
Dr. AJia B!n=
Department of Family Care
Baylor College of Medicine
55701 Greenbriar
Houston, TX 77005
(713) 799-4497
Publications:
Strategies to Reduce Cigarette Sales - TAMA, 1986
Cigarette Smoking and its Promotion
The Cigarette Underworld
Nicotine Chewing Gum - Annals of Internal Medicine, 1984
Confronting America's Most Costly Health Problem YS , 1983
Medison vs. Madison Avenue - TAMA. 1980
Comments:
"Cigarette makers are child molesters" Washington Post 8/3/85
"Anti-smoking efforts might have been more successful if smoking killed baby seals. The
success of animal rights and wildlife organizations in mobilizing sympathy for the plight of
various animals has been far greater than 30 years' worth of publicity about the adverse
effects of smoking in human beings. Perhaps the entire anti-smoking campaign should be
turned over to Greenpeace. Who knows what other species might be saved." AP 8/13/88
"We don't do anything in this society that isn't advertised. The primary purpose of
cigarette advertising is not just to sell cigarettes, but to buy off the complacency of the mass
media and general public. It prevents the connection being made that cigarette smoking is
the leading lethal health problem." Health, 1986
"The ads and commercials for cigarettes and alcohol portray consumers of these substances
as glamorous and successful. But we, as a family of physicians, see the damage done to
people who smoke and drink excessively. We think the American consumer needs to hear
the other side of the story." UPI 5/22/85.
"In spite of the belief that there is a powerful 'anti-smoking' effort, the fact remains that
cigarette manufactureres control virtually all of the contemporary imagery and
terminology of smoking and continue to be successful in staving off major legislative
measures that will adversley affect profits." LA Times, 9/15/85.
Conclusion:
D t~7
r, Alan Blum, founder and current chairman of Doctors Ought to Care (DOC), takes a vicious
and extreme stance against the tobacco industry. He is very outspoken on several volatile issues
O
~
including advertising and excise taxes. He will be satisfied with nothing less than the complete ~
eradication of the tobacco industry. His statements and activities suggest a fanatical
personality. ~
O
~
Josenh Anthrny Califam Jr.
C[JRRrNP BU57NFSS ADORESS/PHUM
Dewey, Ba1lar:tine, BushUy, Palmer & Wood
1775 Pennsylvania Avenue
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 862-1000
Dewey, Ballantine, Bushby, Pa7mex & Wood
140 Broadway
New York, NY 10005
(212) 820-1100
BOlaT: May 15, 1931 Bklyn.
PARFNPS: Joseph Anthony and Katherine (Gill) C.
SEIC: Male
FANIILY: wife - Hilary Paley Byers, 1983;
children -
(previous marriage) Mark Gerard, Joseph Anthony IIi, Claudia
Frances;
(stepChildren) Brooke A. Byers, John Frederick Byers.
EfUCAMON:
A.B., Holy Cros.s Coil., 1952
LL. B. , Harvard U., 1955
CfR'[*rF'rCATICN:
Bar: N.Y 1955, U.S. Supreme Ct. 1966
CAREE2:
Deyney, Ballantine, &ashUy, Palmer & Wood, N.Y.C., 1958-61
sQl. asst. to gen. counsel, Dept. Def., 1961-62
spi. asst. to sec. ariTry, 1962-63
gen. counsel, Dept. Army, 1963-64
spl. asst. to sec. ard dep. sec. def., 1964-65
spl. asst. to Pres., 1965-69
men. firm, Arnold & Porter, Washington, 1969-71
partner firm, Williants, Connolly & Califano, Washington, 1971-76
sec., HEW, 1977-79
partner firm, Califano, Ross & Heineman, Waslvnqton, 1980-82
partner firm, Dewey, Ballantine, Bushby, Palmer & Wood, 1983-
CAREER REIATED:
dir. Chrysler Corp., Am. Can Co.,
dir. Autonxztic Data Processing, Inc
Gan. counsel Democratic Nat. Can., 1970-72
cRE-kTIVE wORtrs:
The Stu3ent Revolution:
A Global Confrontation, 1969
A Presidential Nation, 1975, (with Howard Simons)
'Ihe Media and the Law, 1976
The Media and Business, 1978
,
Governing America: An Insiders Report from the White House and
the Cabinet, 1981
r1he 1982 Report on Drug Atxase and Alcoholism, 1982
America's Health Care Revolution- Who Lives, idio Dies, Who Pays,
1986.
CIVIC/FOLi'I'ICAL AGTIVI=:
Trustee Mater Dei Sch.
Urban Inst., NYU
Ba i.ses Family Fownd.
Zhe Twentieth Century chnm.
Ctr. for Social Policy in the Middle East
hon. chnm. Childrnn of Alcoholi<s Found.
MTT.TTARV;
Served to lt. USNR, 1955-58.
AWARDS:
Becipient Distirgui_shed Civilian Service award Dept. Army, 1964
Man of Year award Justinian Soc. Lawyers, 1966
Distinguishe:i Service medal Dzpt. Def., 1967
r2aned One of Ten Wtatarrling Young Men of America, 1966
taffiERSHIPS:
26m. Am., Fed., D.C. bar assns.
Am. Judicature Soc.
CiI7B5 AND LODGFS:
Federal City (dir.).
O
~
~
®
~ . ~
Q
CTt
2~
JOSEPH W.CHERNER
Address:
Occupation:
375 South End Avenue
Apartment 32G
New York, NY 10280
(212) 321-2574
Senior Vice President
Kidder, Peabody & Co.
Business Address: Kidder, Peabody & Co.
10 Hanover Square
New York, New York 10005
Anti-Smoking
Activities: - Sponsored program with Surgeon General Koop
speaking at PS 111 on the dangers of
cigarettes.
- Received a 30 minute appointment with Mayor
Koch to discuss the dangers of smoking in
exchange for a $100,000 donation to
charity. (June, 1987)
- Spent $100,000 for a citywide school
contest for anti-smoking advertisements.
(1987)
- Organized a campaign in which 160 students,
ages 11 to 13, mailed 10,000 subscription
cards to national magazines to tell them to
end cigarette advertising. (October, 1988)
Anti-Smoking
Quotations: -"Z consider smoking a slow form of
suicide."
- "Smoking is the number one cause of disease
and death in America."
- "Tobacco Companies are legal drug pushers,
and they are preying on children."
- "How can we expect young people to say 'no'
to drugs when we let tobacco companies
addict them as children to nicotine?"
Gregory Niles Connolly
399 Ccnmai Street
Belmont, Massachusetts
(617) 484-3324
Date of Birth: February 15, 1949
H3uation: 1970 B.A. College Of Holy Cross
1974 D. M. D. Rufts University School of Dental Medicine
1978 M. P. H. Harvard University School Of Public Medicine
Ooaupation:
1981 - Present -Director, Division of Dental Health
-Director, Office for Nonsmking atri Health
Massachusetts nz ,+me.,r of Public Health
Ptevious AcaB®i_c Appointaents:
1978 -]983 -Asst. Clinical Professor - Boston University Graduate
School of Dentistry
-Clinical Instructor - Harvard University Sc3iool Of Dental
Medicine
Previous Professional Appo;ntme+*s:
1976 -1981 -Dental Director - South Bostm Neighborhood Health Center
Boston, Massachusetts
1978 - 1981 -Public Health Dentist Administrator - B.ireau of Conmmity
Dental Programs Boston i'epartnent of Health & Hospitals
Awazris:
1986 - American Heart Association
1987 - U. S. Public Health Service
1987 - Massachusetts Public Health Association James M. Dsnni.ng
Award
Mem'prsh;T, OffioPs And Comni.ttee Assigruents In Profe,ssional. Societies:
1974 - American Dental Association - Member Fluoridation
Advisory Ccat¢n.ittee
1976 - American Association Of Public Health Dentistry
1976-1978 Massachusetts League of Neighborhood Health Centers
1978-1980 Massachusetts Health Council Inc.
1986 - American Cancer Society
1987 - World Health Organization - Chairman, Study Group On
Smokeless Tolz3cco - Member, Expert Advisory Panel On
Slnoking and Health
CcEounity Activities:
An Association with the American & National Baseball Leagues
Spokesman against smokeless tobacco use for juveniles
. "At a mini.nr.mi, I think we shail.d require the same warning labels
on packages sold abroad and restrictirns on advertising as
are required here."
"Health Expert Blasts Pramtion of U. S. Tobacco In Third
World", Was+i*gtT Post, February 19, 1988
"we're taking a prachict (cigarettes) American's are rejecting in
record nimbers and durrping it over there (Japan)."
"HHS Changes topic of Saokirg Meeting", Was+;*gto+ Ioe,-t,
February 17, 1988
"The U.S. gover[umnt has an international responsibility to
protect the health of all the world's citizens from smokiuxJ
induced illnesses. nie use of trade sanatiass to force people in
foreign cauntries to p,*chase our cigarettes is not in keeping
with that role and should be ended."
UFI - June 2, 1987
Concerning the Marsee trial in Oklahana City on smokeless
tobacco: "A verdict for Marsee would lead to the filing of many
new lawsuits and bring the ccnpany's sales gznwth to a scteechisg
halt."
"Smokeless'Tobacoo Trial To Begin In Okiahcma City", Weshirgton
Fbst, May 18, 1986
Publicaticrs:
Simanary of the Evidence and Findinos and Conclusions concerninq
the Adverse Health Effects of Snuff. Massachusetts Departmo.,+- of
Health (June 1985)
The Reemergence of Smokeless Tobaoco. New FYnyland Journal of
Medicine 1986.. pp. 1020-1027.
Intervention by Health Care Professionals in Curbing Smoking and
Smokeless Tobacco Use. The Pennsylvania Concensus Conference on
ToLaa.^o and Health Priorities 1986. pp. 55-66.
The Reversibility of Leukoplakia Cause3 by Smokeless Tobacco.
JADA 1986. pp. 50-52.
Smokeless Tobacco Health Hazards and Reaulatory Issues.
International Digest of Health Ieqislatirn, 1987. pp. 170-180.
Restrictions in T1wortation of Tobacco by Japan Tiawan and South
Korea. NE7M 1987. pp. 1416-1417.
Smoke Screen Around Oral Snuff. Lancet 1987. p. 166.
(co-written by Alan Blum)
Nicotine From Aerosol Rod. A7PH, 1987. p.1229.
Popularitv of Smokeless Tobacco Amona Adolescents. Medical
Aspects of H.lnnan Sexuality, 1988.
Smokeless Tobacco: Health Hazards and Reaulatory Issues. World
Smoking and Health, 1987. pp. 23-28.
