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dwwision, of technology for society i E<7AL1DATI0Id' OF k iiIODIFIED CIGARETTE' BOLDER by Ing. M. Hissink nelhe•Ian0s orLanrzatron for apptied scientific researcn - p.o. box 342 7300/AN apeldoorn address ~ J laan van westenenk 501 telex 36396 U+oap phons 055 • 77- 33 41' i Ref.no. : 84-012287 File'no. : 8712-12449 Date : September 1984 NP Keywords r evaluation cigarette holder tar nicotine Brown S' Williamson P.O. Box 35090 Louisville, Ky 40'2'32 U.S.A. ..No parfof this repOr'SMal: be mul- tiplied andror publ:sned Dy, .way of print'. pnolost'at copy, microfilm or ott4erw]se;.wrtrnout TNO's.prior con• sent .. It itfAis report ifias be'en madracKord- inp to instructoons, the ripnls andl obligations of the principal andl TMO arras laid tlown in the ,.Stan- dard conditions for research l and developmenli :nStrucUons' to TNO. . 1979". or intt%E. •eievar•!',arg,ee'menl! reactiedlbelwetn uae pari-es. C i%x. Tn1O_ Tre,Na4we

84-072287/vdB/4 EVALUATION OF A' `fODIFIED CI'GARFTTE HOLDER l. I'b"TRODUCTION. - 2 - Dr. R.D. Kamm ('li.T.T.) designed a cigarette holder which allows the study of some effects of differences in human smoking,behaviour. In particular the effects of lip pressure and lip "drape"' can be simu-- lated. At the request of Broum & Williamson Tobacco Corp. measurements were carried out at TNO Delf't to evaluate the Kamm holder. 2. APPARATUS The Kama~ holders used were supplied'by B & W'and are described in an earlier internal B & W report. Adaptors were made for the mounting of Gelman filter holders into an 8 channel Filtrona 302 smoking machine (see figure 1'). A manifold was construrted to supply pressure and vacuum. to the holders (see figures 2 and 3). The`pressure applied was recorded on a manometer. For the measursment of the ventilation rate of cigarettes mounted in the Kamm holder the equipment illustrated in fig. 4 was used. Forr these measurements a constant air flow of 1'7.5, ml/'sec. was applied to the butt end'of the cigarette with the aid of'a constant delivery pump. The air flow entering, the ci'garette through the filter was measured with a mass flow meter U.S.I. series nr. 2230) and a line- arizer (T.S.I. modeli 67).. The capacity of the pump was checked regularly with the same flow- meter and the measured ventilation air flows were calculated as a percentage of this capacity. 3. TEST- PRbGRA.'1' = NIF 0 Deliveries of P.`Il1:'NF„ nicotine and CO were determined according to ~ the stamdardl procedures (ISb/NENi). In each run 10 cigarettes were Wsmoked per filter. The results repor2ed'are means for 6 runs at each ~ test condition. ~' 06

S J Figure 1: Kamm holdier with 6e1'man filter and adaptor.:. - 3 - Figure 2: Frltrona 3!02 machine with manifold for supply of pressure ard .,aoui,m (to Kamm holLers) .

84-07228'; vdiB.%G Figure 3': Two mounted Kamm hol'ders;, left one pressurited. - rI;nrz!'e - . T'.Sl f!ewme'er - L - Figure L: .yeasurement of ventilatiom rate with Kammi holder.

C 84-0111128'7/vdB/4 -5- The Kamm holder was used inserting the cigarettes 4, 6, 8 and 11 mm respectively „ applying a pressure of 0, 35, 50 andl 8'5 mmHg respec- tively ('These conditions are identical as used at 8& W, with the addition of the tests at 11 mm insertionY. For a sample of' Barclay cigarettes measurements were made at all 16 conditions; for the Gladstone Ultra Light sample only 4 conditions were used. The ventilation rate measurements were made on a separate sample of' 10 cig#rettes, whereby the 16 test conditions were established for each cigarette.successively in the following order: starting,fromi the condition 11 mm insertion, 0 mm Ng the pressure was increased in three steps up to 85 mm Hg, then with 8 mm insertion the same pres- sure levels were adjusted' successively, etc. In this way 16 results for the ventilation rate were obtained'on each cigarette. _- The cigarette samples were supplied by BAT'Benel'ux, Brussels. 4. : EASL'RLKLN'T' RESULTS In table I a summary is given of the data obtained for the delivery an^ ventilation rate for the Barclay cigarette. Table 2 sun- ri'ses the same data for the Gladstone Ultra Lights. In figure S PYM1Ttff' is plotted against the pressure applied to the Kamm holder for the four insertion depths used. In figure 6 the effect of insertion depth on P'1WNF is illustrated for four different pressure levels. With, a sample of 10 Barclay cigarettes manufactured at B' & W, Louis- ville ventilation rate measurements were made using the Kamm bolder. The results :re given in table 3. These results showedla much larger spread than tbose for Barclay, Benelux. Since the tipping of the B & W cigarettes seemed'to be less sturdy than the BAT product, three of these cigarettes were re-examined a few days later. The results are ~ given in table 4. i ~

84-012287/vdB/4 5. IDI SCC'S5I UN OF RESL-LTS . 6 - IA number of the conclusions given below must be considered of a provisional nature, subject to confirmation by further experiments. 1. For the Barclay cigarette the results obtained!with 11 mm inser- tion-shov virtuaUly no influence of *the applied pressure. For other insertion depths the influence of pressure is more pro- nounced. Up to a pressure of' 35 mmHg the infPuence on the measured deli- veries is of minor importance, while for a 50 mmHg, pressure the effect is still limited. The results for the Gladstone Ultra hight cigarette show no sig- nificant effects for the pressures and insertion depths used. 2. There is ai tendency for the Barclay cigarette to show sligbtly higher deliveries when smoked, in the Kamm bolder under "Inode- rate" conditions (lower pressures, deeper_insertion) comparedito the h'£N/ISO method. For Gladktone Ultra Lights there is not such a significant difference. 3. Under condiiions which give "normal"' del'iveries the repeatabi- lity obtainedlwith the Kammi holder is comparable to inat with a labyrinth holder. 4. It seems feasible to carry out successive measurements of' ven- tiliation, rate at different sets of conditions without serious deflorming, of the tipping. To investigate this, the individual' measurement results given in table S were analysed by the Friedman analrsis of variance me- thodl. A study of table 6 shows that the ventilation rates measu- red, under different conditions are quite consistent for each cigarette. From this, it can be concluded that the differences between cigarettes are much larger than the measurement error of the procedure used. Since cigarette no. 4 in, particular showed' very consistently low ventilation rates, these results were exKludiedlfrom the calcu- liation of the means and the standard deviations. One outlying result for cigarette no. 2 was also excluded.

84-012.87jcdB!4 - 7.' - The sturdiness of the Barclay-USA cigarette seems not sufficientt to allow the same procedure at the low insertion, depths (table 4). 5. In figure 7 the relatiionship betveen PMW':~1F and ventilation rate is illustrated for the Barclay cigarette. It shows that in the range of the results found in this investigation a linear re- gression model gives a good fit of the;data.

4.0 PMWNF mg/cig 3.0. P.0 i.0 0.0 ~- 0n 2010 40.0 60.0 Inscri,iun Ix).o xxI.0 1'rr rmure, mrn 11ry ~rig.g. Ofluenr.e of afrfilir.A vrcs,ure un PMWNf ~

t JNMWd uo yldaji unflJUsul jo a3uunjjul 'g'bfj ww 'uol7jasu4 Ua o a I I I g® 99 0,V I 0'e --r-----_;~_- 02 OH wW 5e ainssa,i,i 0.0 J928397568

r"'MWNF mg,/cIg. 4.0 -~ 3.0~ ~ 1.0 . 60 I 70 PM1NNF=8"$7-0.096 VR r=0.96 i . . 80 90 Ventilation rates 9~ fig 7.Relationship PMWNF vs. V.R. for Barclay K.S

Table 3: Ventilation rates measuredlfor Barclay-USA: Pressure H Iinsertion, 4enti!liation rate, % .mm g mm x s 0 , 4 86,7 1•.72 0 I 83,7 3.00 ~ 35 I 4 78,2 6.85 35' j 11 ' 82,1 3.79 50 ~ 4 73,2 9.74 S0l li1 81,3 4.64 85 4 60,8 15.3 85 1!1 80,0 5.72 Table 4: Results of re-examination of Barclay-USA: Pressure Insertion ' lfean V.R'. Cx) of' cigarettes 0 7, 8' and! 10 Difference mm Hg mm Date of' measurement 8/'14;/$4 8/17/84 x 0 4 86.4 84.0' 2.4 l 0 I 11 82.3' 8'1.9 0.4 1~ 35 ~ , 4 78.0 67.6 10.4 ~ 1 35 ~ ' 11 80.3 8'1.2' -0.9 ~ 50 ~ 4 70.3 57.8' 12.5 ~ 50 1 11 79.6 80.6 -1.0 ; 85 4 45.2 47'.7' -2.5 ~ 85 11 78 .1 7'7 . 9 0.2

.Fk611~E~ ;::DECIVER'JE~S~ A'N©~ VENTIL'~ATiCN ?~ATES~ FO'~P' 6AR'CLAY"S~ ;--essWre i rnm iygi °r.se~rUilmn r»~m I PM~1NF' ~ x s tiir~*..*.e I x s ~ _CC X 5( .'en_ti'm2imn rc:e: x 5 , 1 0 i 4 0.94 0.16 0.08 ~ 0.0, 9 0.87' 0.19 84.3 1.87 : 0 ~ 6 ~ 0.76 0.20 C.0'8 C•C21 0.84 0.31 82.9- -1.60 ! 8' 0.87 0.17 0.07 ~ 0..J , 7' 1 0:76 0.?'4 82.8 1.30 + 0 J_98' 0.15 0: = r~ 0.0171 1.06 0.21 ~ 82.8 1.26 35 i' 4 j ' 1'.1'5 0.25 W.0 p ~O:025 1.01 0.28' f 78.8 1.29 : 35 `- 6 1 10.85 0:14 0.09 0.0'16 1.00 0.24 80.9 1.42 l 35 ? 8 1 0.95 0,11 0: W8 0.0'10 0.85 0.19 82.0 . 1.51 1 3'5, !' 1 1 0,98 0:23' 0.10 ~ 0.026 1.03 0.28 82.4 1.45 5'0 ~ 4' 1 1.38 10.28 0.12 ~' 0.029l I111.36 0.29 74:7' 2.35 50 6 1.25 0.27 0.13 ~ C.C27' 0 0 0?'S 1.27' 0.27 79.3 81 6 1.58 1 4 50 ~ 8 I 1.05 0_ 18, . 9 9 ~ 0 ( 0.95 0:18 . . ; ~ 50 ~ 1? ! 0.95 0.18' ' 0.0810.013 ' 0.90 0i17 82.3' 1.45 ~ 85 i 4 i 3.05 0.62 0.34 W.067 3.31 0:70 59.9 5_30 ~ 85 ! 6 i 2.43 0.20 0-28 ~ 0:027 2.81 0.15 70.3 4.52 i' 85' 8' 1.61 0.28 0! 1I6 . rn: W26 1.55" 0. 17' 79.3 1.75 : 85 ' 11 I 0.99 0• 19 0! 09 , 0.022 0.92 i, 0.32' 8'2.1' 111.48 + a. 1i0.76 0.12 ! 0.C14 0:07 10.75 0.11 I .^,e~ .e*:es :^ rng/c,g. f-OtC' !1 7 •:.o:yr;n;n r.e:oer, rwEV:SC rne:~~od

TABLE 2:OELIVEFtJES AND VENTILATION RATES FOR GLADSTONE ULT. FtA .LUGFiT Pressuire rninn Hg Insertion MIM , Q'MWNiF x s~ Miicotane A s C0 z s Ventilotiion, rcte x s 0 4 1.07 0.11 '0.09 0.018! 0:70, 0.17 !, 77 1 7 3 0 11 1.10'. 0.14 ',0.11 0.013 0.84 0.18 . . . 1 77.2 1.73 I 85 85 4 11 h.21i 0,06 ' i0.11 0.01~5 0.65 0:02' I 76.9 1.67 i i.15 0.07 I0.11 0.006 0:65 0.01 77.1 1.75 - . 9 1.08 0. 18 i 0.10 0.007' 0:68, 0.02 deliveries in rm9,/cig. ventilliction rot'e iin % s lobyrinth hiolder,NEN/iS0 method

84-012287/vd8J4 Table 5: Results of .easurenients of ventilation rate: Barclay KS Pressure ;mm Hg 0 0 0 ~ 35 'S 35 35 50 50 50 50 Iasertionj Individual results (% V.R.) for 10'cigarettes mm 1, 1' 4 6' 8 1Q 6 8 11 I .' 80 . 2 79.8 ~ 80.5. i i i ~78.4 7'7'. 7' . 80.1 i ~ 80.8'. i ~ 4 166.1 6 :74.6 8 : 78.3' l1 .801.7 1 arette ; 79.1 2 3 4* 5 87'.91 81.9 79.2 82.7 83'.9 81.3 77.3 81.6' 82'.7' 81.8 77.3 81.5' 82_8 81.4 77.5 81.5 76.8' 76.8 71.5 78.4 801.8 78.4 73.8' 80.0 82.3 79.2 76.3 81.1 82.7 79.7 77.0 81!.5 70.6 73.7 68.3' 75'.2 79.0 76.9 71.2 78.9 81.7 78.8 74'. 8' 80.7 ' 82.6 79.6 76.8 81'.3' 44.2* 62.1 49.9 62.8' 61.6 71.0 61.3 7'2.91 79.0 77.0 70.4 78'.91 82.2 79.3 76.2 8'1.0 77.6 77.4 72.4 78'.8 *' exclud'ed' from calculation of x and s. - 2 - 6 7 8 9 10 8'3.6 85.7 83.1 83.6 85.8' 83.2' 86.01 82.2 83.6 83.2 83'.4 83.6 82.2 84.4 84.5. 83'.5 84.4 82.4 83.8' 84.2' 80.2 79.5 7'8'.6 79.1 79.6 82'.2 82.7 80.2 82.4 81.2 83'.2 83.1 8'1.8' 83.3' 8'3.7' 83'.3 83.5 82.1 83.6 84.0 75.6 75.6' ` 73.5 77.1 72.8 81.2 81.7 78.5 80.5 79.2'. 831.0 83.0 81. 1: 82'. 6 82'. 5 83.2 83.5 82'.0 83.4 83'.9 63.7 59.5 49.3 59.6 55.7 72.7 72.0 69.5 74.1 64.1 81.4 82.2 77.2 80.1 791.6 83.1 83.4 81.9 83.2 - 81.7 810.4 80.6 17.9 80.3 79.2 x S ~ 84'.33 1.97 82.87 1.60, 82.77 1!.30 ' 82.79 1.'.6 " ~ 78. 80 1'29 . ~ 80.86 1.42 '• i 82.02 1.51 ~ 82.36' 1.45 ! ~ I i 74.72 2.35'i 79.29 -1.58 , I 81.56 1.42 ~ 82_26 1.45'i 59'.85 5.30 ' 70.28' 4.5'2 ~ 79'.30 1.75 ! 82',.~06~~ - 1 ...i8. 1. 1

TABLE 6:FR'tEDMAM 1"WO-wAY A.O.V. OF V.R. R'ESUI?S Pressure Insertion I Rdnks of, ind'ividuat resultss m m H m rm I4 0 4 7' 10 2 1 3 5.5 ' 8 4 5,5 .9. 0 6 2' 9 3 1 41 6.5 1 i0 5 8 6.5 0 8' 2' 6 4 1 3 7 8 5 9 10 0 11 2' 6 3 1 4' 7 10 5 8 9 35 ' 4 9:5 2.5 2.5 1 4' 9,5 , 7 5 6 8 35 6 3 6 2 1 4' 8 110 5 9 7 35 8' 3 6 2 1 4 8 7 5. 9 10, 35 11 3 6 2 1 4' 7 8 5 9 10 50 4 10 2 5 1 6, 7.5 7.5 4 9 3 50 6 3 6 2 i 5 9 1~0 4 8• 7 ~ 50 8 3 6 2 1 4 9.5 9•5 51 8 - 7 50 11 3 6 2 1 4 7' 9 5 8, 10 ~ 85' 4 110 1 7 3 8 9 5' 2 6 4 85' 6 10 2 5 1 8~ 7 6 4 9 3'. 85 I 8 4 6 2 1 5; 9 10 3 8 7 85 11 ~ 3 6 2 1 4 ; 7 9 5 8 10 ' 77.5' 86:5 47:5 18 ; 74 :123',5 134 71 127.5 120.5 2 =a9.5 )( D.F.=9 P<=0:17

40.0 OD 20D fiy.5. Influencc of applied pressure on EMylWNF ®0../ 100.0 Presyure, mm 1 ig !9csr.~;~zaz

0'1?~&Z~Kvoq Wi 50-. 40 1 L , , , I t I , ,, 35 50 85 MMi. HG