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19 11 I I I I I r I I I I I I r I I I percent of the disability days and 86 percent of the hospital days associated with choleaterol-related CVD. Some $7.68 billion in medical care expenditures--23 percent of all CVD expenditures--are attributable to elevated serum cholesterbl. CONCLUSION It is clear from these estimates that a very substantial proportion of cardiovascular disease is attributable to three major risk factors. The paper presents detailed estimates that document a large gap between cardiovascular diseases risks in the population today and those that would exist if these risk factors were not present. For example, for total cardiovascular disease mortality, there are an excess of approximately 150,000 deaths from smoking, 290,000 deaths from high blood pressure, and 100,000 deaths from elevated serum cholesterol. There is an excess of 714,000 potential lifeyears lost due to smoking, 488,000 due to high blood pressure, and 237,000 de to elevated serum cholesterol. Actions to reduce these three risk factors alone have potential to affect between 40 and 50 percent of morbidity and mortality from CHD, stroke, and total CVD. - B99 -

GARaI O\/ASCU LAR' aI TEATE MO BY DISEASE AND RISK FACTOR CHD ® All smokers quit SQ8zhasZQz STROKE SBP's ) 139 become 139 ® RTLI TY TOTAL CVD CHOL's > 219 become 219

a a a a 300 280 260 240 220 200 ~ .-~ 180 0 a~ 160 o 1 40 u Lx s ~ ~ 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 a w a ft w w M w M ft ft ft M M ft CARDIOVASCU LA.R DISEASE BY DISEASE AND RISK FACTOR CHD © All smokers quit V// STROKE SBP's > 139 become 139 M ORTALI TY TOTAL CVD CHOL's > 219 become 219 9U4Gh1.QsL.IlC.

Table 1: Summary of Negative Impact Resulting from Cardiovascular Disease Year of Data: 1980 Number of Deaths Number of Life Years Before 65 Cases Number of Hospital Days Number of Disability Days Cost Associated With Each Specific Health Problem Coronary Heart Disease 565,453 1,426,969 5,404,713 17,080,205 205,636,214 14,606,000,000 Cerobrovascular Disease 169,480 337,673 2,101,274 9,989,321 56,745,625 5,081,000,000 Cardiovascular Disease 984,780 2,555,189 48,283,455 50,631,474 907,388,317 33,184,000,000 L1.lozi7l1szoG - B102 - 1

KKARKARKi i RK i Ann a a& Table 2: Cardiovaacular Di.ea.e Year of Data: 1 980 SPECIFIC NEGATIVF. IHPA CT ATTRIBUTABLE TO SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS HF,ALTH Rlak Deaths Y ears of Life Lost Ho®yi[al Days Diaabllity Dava Co®t (in milliona) Caeen PROBLEM Factor Nu¢ber x Total N umbe r 1 T otal Number Z Total Number z Total Number 1 T otal Number Z'rotal Coronary Smoking 78,418 (14) 397,699 (2R) 2,455,572 (14) 29,314,R09 (14) 1,009 (11) 77n,47R (14) Heart SBP > 140 164,839 (29) 285,103 (20) 3,051,468 (18) 34,127,706 (17) 2,542 (17) 896,975 (17) Di®eaae Chol > 220 62,481 (11) 143,326 (10) 3,680,679 (22) 44,220,709 (22) 1,550 , (24) 1,162,244 (V) Total 305,738 (54) , 826,128 (58) 9,187,719 (54) 107,663,224 (52) I 8,001 (55) 2,929,701 (52) Cerebrovascular Smoking 34,654 (20) 119,142 (35) 875,243 ( 9) 6,477,293 (11) 431 ( R) 239,952 (It) Di.eaee SBP > 140 54,642 (32) 63,804 (19) 2,593,864 (26) 14,457,600 (25) 1,289 (25) 5"iS,361 (25) Chol > 220 9,561 ( 6) 12,828 ( 4) 188,934 (21) 1,396,R20 ( 2) 96 ( 2) 51,724 ( 2) Total 98,862 (58) 195,774 (58) 3,658,041 (37) 22,331,713 (39) 1,816 (36) R26,937 (l9) ~ All Snoking 145,319 (15) 714,423 (28) 6,555,216 (13) 127,742,058 (14) 4,n21 (12) 7 4FR (16) 5?1 0 Cardiovascular S6P > 140 292,504 (30) 488,233 (19) 9,917,397 (20) 155 631 580 (17) 6 293 (19) , , 7 1R2 1n9 (1S) w Diaea.e Chol > 220 101,545 (10) 237,098 ( 9) 9,547,462 (19) , , 184,321,907 (20) , 7,690 (23) , , In,4vn,v06 (22) Total 549,368 (55) 1,439,754 (56) 26,020,075 (51) 467,695,545 (52) 17,994 (54) 25,134,4R3 (52) G1.! Qzi7oszlliz