Tobacco Documents Online

i 1/5/'93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:40 PM - Secondhand Smoke EPA is about#o classify cigarette smoke as a Class A carcinogen. Reporter likens cigarette smoketo radon and asbestos. Sran Dumeli of theAmerican Lung Association calls for an almost total ban on smoking around children. American Heart Association will call for big increasein tobacco FET.. 1/6/'93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MdRNING- 5:40 AMi- Secondhand Smoke. EPA says ETS causes about.3,0001ung cancer deaths among smokers and,300,000 bronchial infections in childreneach year. EPA will designate cigarette smoke a Class A carcinogenl with, thedikely outeome that smoking will be banned where adults work and children learn and,play. American Heart Association will call for large increase in tobacco FET. 1/8/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-yPM, ti iitfigation Illinois plaintiff asserts that tobacco companies' advertising and public relations were deceptive and caused hib< to smokey despite warning labela. Suit is against RJR. 1/8/93 - 20/20 -10i55 PM - Secondhand Smoke. The declaration by the EPA that cigarette smoke is a Class A carcinogen means that there will be fewer places to smoke.in public, including professional baseball stadiums. A lung cancer victim characterizes secondhand smoke as "pulimonaryrape." Host Hugh Downs says the EPA action "makes a pariah out of'smokers:" 1'/10/'93 - THIS WEEK WITH DAVID BRINKII,EY -12:115 PM - Secondhand Smoke In the wake of the EPA action on secondhand smoke, Sam Donaldson says that it.was once OK for smokers to killl themselves, but now they're "killing everyone around them. They're killung chdldren" He, adds that `I'hey [cigarette companies] should be put out of business:" He adds that they have been engaged in.a conspiracy to hide the truth, about the dangers of smoking. Brinkley points out that Marlboro cigarettes are best selling consumer products in the world. Donaldson closes out program asking "How do they [cigarette companies] live with themselves? How do these tobacco executives go home and live wit'h, themselves?" 1/24/93'- BUSINESS WORLD -_- Nicotine Patches Last year, 5 million smokers paid $300 for 3' months' therapy, "making these patches the 1~,4 mostwidely accepted new pharmaceutical ever." The patches roughlyd'ouble.the 8 O percent rate of success in helping people quit smoking. Behavior modification groups ~N are increasingly being retained by corporations to help their employees quit smokimg: O .N ~ ~ Fi

1/30/93- ABC NEWS SATURDAY - 6:40 PM - Charles Kueper Lawsuit The tobacco industry and smokers' rights organizations are hailing an Illihois jury's decision that the tobacco industry is not responsible for Mr. Kueper's lung cancer. Kueper, who was interviewed for the story, points out the tobacco coaapannies' defense is that there is no proof of causation, but that this defense is really a deception. Kuepex's lawyer calls tobacco companies, "no good sirb's." 2/25/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FEI' Pres. Clinton.strongly hints that soane of the costs associated with healt'hcare reform will have to be borne by "people who ignore the risks of smoking,and drinking." Pres. Clinton: "I think cigarette taxes, for example, are different." 2/25/'93 - PRIIvISTIIv1E LIVE -_ PM - Tobacco and Health Tobacco industry has been engaged in a 40+-year "orchestrated campaign" to "hide the truth" about the dangers of smoking. According to Dr. Anthony Colucci, a former toxicologist with R.J. Reynolds,.lne was fired when his research showed that cigarettes destroyed lung tissue and ultimately caused cancer inlaumans. The broadcast reported that the industry set up the Tobacco Research Council in 1954 as a public relations ploy to spread.disinformation about,the darngers of smoking, When Sam Donaldson reads the Surgeon's General's wamning,to a chemist from:Reynolds, he responds that there is no proven causation between smoking and human diseases. Another former Reynolds scientist supports Colucci and says that thetobacco industry has "continuously withheld the truth" from the.American public on this issue. Attorney Mark Edell said, 'Me Council for Tobacco Research was a fraudl" A University of.Michigan professor public health says the tobacco industry's behavior in this area, "[I]s one of the most reprehensible examples of corporate behavior gone wrong that has ever existed in the history of this country." Models for LuckyStrilte and Marlboro, who developed cancer, are cited and interviewed. The report concludes with news that the tobacoo industry deliberatelykept a so-ealled "safe eigarette" off the markek because to have,done otherwise would be equivalenk to an admissiorn that.cigarettes are dangerous, opening them up to legal liability. Dr. Colucci points out that tobacco companies have been so successful to date in liability lawsuits becauseb they set an impossibly high standard for provi¢ig causation betweern smoking and human disease. Sam Donaldson points out tlrtat Philip Mbrris, and other tobacco companies (except Reynolds) declined to be interviewed for this report.

2/28/93 - THISWEEK WITH DAVID BRINKLEY - 111:30 AM - FET OMB' Director Panetta is interviewed about likelihood that government will restrict amount tobacco cornpanies candeductfor advertising. Panetta says this should be looked into and the.Adntirnistration is willing;to workvrith Congress to put this forward. Later in the program; regulars discuss impact of'a $2 tax on cigarettes. Geo: Will points out that the demand.for cigarettes is price elastic. Cokie Roberts says one impact of the FET would be to reduce sawking anwng youths. Donaldson adds that ET5 is a danger to children. Regarding the, deductibility of advertising expenses, Donaldson points out that cigarette advertising is not! conducted to induce brand switching, but as a means to attract,y.oung people (cites Joe CaRnel5. 3/12/93 - ABC WORLD N'E4dS'T%IS MORNING -5:30 AM - FET Some Comgressmen are calling;for an increase in FET from 24cents/pack.to $1 per pack. Rep. Mike Andlrews (D-Tex:) points out than PET increase will discourage smoking by youth Sen. BilQI Bradtey says the tax revenues will be used to care for people made ill by smoking, Report adds that OMB Director maycalld for a $2/pack increase in the FET. 3/15/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:56P1vi - Tobacco Subsidies Eventhough the d~rectsubsidy to tobaccofarnters was eliminated in.1982, the .Agriculture Dept: provides a number of services to tobacco farmers, costing t'axpayerss neazly $15 billion annually. This seems to contradict government policy regarding. tobacco and health. 3/16/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 8:25 AM - Smoking Ban/Secondhand Smoke Congress is considering a new ban on smoking in Federal buildings. Many federal buiildings lack proper ventilation and workers are thus exposed to the harmful effects of secondhand smoke., Surgeon General Antonia Novello points out that smoking is a factor the deaths of 434,000 people each year; the equivalent of three fully loaded jumbo jets crashing every day and killing all aboard. 3/17/'93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - PET A reporkon Fidllary Clinton's task force on health care reform; it includes brief mention of the need for taxes on tobacco, alcohol and handguns to pay for the plan.. News repnrtN a1so included news a move on Capitol E3ill! to eliminate the business deduction.for 0 tobacco advertising.. It was related, however, that the ACLU would fight the effort on &m free speech grounds: (Story mentioned Camel promotions for sportswear:), ,A O !+ rA O ~ C.7

3/30/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT-6:3'5 PM-FSf' The threat of an increase in the, FET has led'to a massive lobbying effort by the tobacco industry to counter it. Philip Morris has setup an 800 number so smokers can call Congress directly to protest the increase. The tobacco lobby "is & Gollath;" Philip. Morris and RJR made politiral contributions of $13 million in 1992. Growers are also being trained to engage in politicall action on Capitol Hill. Report'~ concludes with. observation that "the consensus" is that the FET on tobacco will go up. 4/2/93 - WORLD NEWS TOIVIGHT - 630-7 PM - Tobacoo Stock Prices Tobacco stocks were hard hit following PM's announcement that competition from discount cigarettes would push.its business down 40 percent in 1993;.PM stock was down 15 points and the most actively traded stock. 4/2/93 - 20/20 ~-10-11 PM - Smokers' Rights Smokers are the newest minority - "pariahs" - who increasingly find themselves forced "underground"' by bans on smoking in public, in workplace and in restaurants. Some smokers are forced into defensive postures bybans andby the rude behavior of non-smokers who don't' like smokers. Somewhere along the way,. the anti-smoking campaign became an anti-smokers campaign. John Banzhaf (Action on Smoking. and Health): There is no such thing as a non-smoking area in a restaurant because the smoke is recirculated' and dispersed,throughout' an establishment. He draws an anology between cigarette smoke and asbestos. "We're not trying to force smokers not to smoke. We're simplysaying;'Don't smoke around me,'"' he said. He adds that smokers are addicts who inflnct risk on innocent third parties. But',.smokers "are angry and organizing." lnterview'with representative from the Connecticut Smokers Association. At,end of interview, Hugh.Downs.describes himself'as an ex-smoker who does not want to curtail the rights of smokers "as long as they d'on't invade other people's environment and health." He adds that he does not favor a ban on tobacco because that'~ would lead to crime and high taxes would create a black,market. 4/4/'93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 9-10 AM - Marlboro Friday Gary Shilling (,Forbes) relates that Philip Morris' stock fe1122 percent the previous Friday because "they have a different problem ... generics." Shilling calls PM a "true believer" stock, along with IBM and Merck. (Shilling only talks'about IBM; however.).

4/5/93 - NIGHTLINE - 11:30 PM - Marlboro Friday Show opens with brief report on Marlboro Friday and the PM price cut. PM's, Witlnam Campbell is interviewed and says that the new pricing strategy responds to lianitson consumers' incomes inmecessionary times• A panel discussion ensues involving,L.arry Adelman (Dean Witter), MaminyGoldman (Paine Webber), Richard Daynard' (Tobacco Product Liablility Project) and Greg Connolly (Mass. Deptt of' Public Health). Daynard says America faces a.publlc health crisis, and the price cut will only get younger people to start smoking. Connolly believes the price cut was motivated by a desire to attract more and younger smokers. Reporter Bill Greenwood, mentions the possibility of. the $2' FET. Sen: Bill Bradley says the tax will provide funds for the careof people madp, ill by smoking. Goldman says PM made a good decision to cut the price of Marlboro, but the marketplace wildibe the final judge. He thinks other tobacco companies will foltiow suit. Discussion again turns to impact tiaeprice cut will have on youths and smoking; consensus is that cut will increase youth smoking, but PM won't adhit that. Connolly points out that Martboro spends a quarter of a, billion dollars on advertising to get young people to smolce the brand. Daynard says, "These companies are really pitching to kids." Some panelists think the price cut was in anticipation of an increase in the FET. Daynard says that; therefore,.the FET should be increase to $2.40 per pack. Goldman thinks smoking is minimally sensitive to price and an increase in the FB'f could lead to smuggling. Discussion closes with Daynard and Connolly claiming that they are optimistic that the Clinton Administration s anti-tobacco stance will be successful in the long term. 4/29/93 - PRIlvIIETIIuE LIVE - _ - Lobbying Report is about all-expense-paid trips for Congressmen to luxury resorts that.are hosted by lobbyists.. Focus here was on a junket funded by the electronics lobbyists. Such activity was presented as questionabde ethically; because lobby'tists.were looking for a "quid pro quo" after all the wining and dining. There was one brief reference to a junket paid for by U:S. Tobacco. 5/3/93 - ABC' WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:44 PM- FET The Canadiaan experience with high tobacco FET is examined. Upshot of report is that smuggling and other criminal activity increased as a result. Reporter nevertheless says that the tax led to.less smoking and the Canadian government collects more in taxes than it loses tosnauggling: Still,.Canadiams have had to beef up border patrols and' stiffen criminal penatties for smuggling.. ~ C O ~ ~ O ' _J 91

5/1Ci/93 - WOIZLDNEWS TONIGHT- 6:30-7'PM - March on Washington/FET Report.opens with reference to 1,000 N.C..tobacco farmers marching on the Capitol to protest' FET increase. Report then shifts, to the economic impact of increasing the FET. Farmers are.interviewed; they fear increase use of cheaper; imported'tobacco: They also fear t'hat#heir living standards will fall because they will be forced to cultivate less profitable crops than tobacco. However, a former smoker, now with emphysema; is interviewe& She says: "They should not grow tobacco to kiAl.people just for.mioney." The government reports that smnoki¢ig-related disease cost US: businesses $47 billion/year. inilbst worker productivityand absenteeism. Most Americans d'on1 know that the cost of tobacco advertising is subsidized vi~a a tax deduction. "A. $2-a-pack cigarette tax would,bring in as much.as $100 billion in five years and save hundres of billions more in future costs." 6/22/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30L 7 PM - Lawsuit Versus EPA The tobacco industry fights back against the EPA in a lawsuit, claiming the agency's conclusion that.ET'S causes cancer was based on politics not science. Steve Parrish of PM is quoted. 7/1 /93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco Advertising Public service announcements willi begin to help black smokers - who are a major target.for tobacco advertising - kick the smoking habit. 7/'22/93'- GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 7 AM - Secondhand Smoke EPA asks parents not to smoke in their homes and said that children and nonsmokers should be protected from suwke in public places and on the job: EPA estimates that up to 1 million.childrensuffer asthma attacks because of Sl'S., 7/25/93 - T1-IIS' WEEK WITH DAVID BRLNfCLEY'- _- Smoking Ban Mayor Riordan of L.A. is questioned about the total ban on smoking in L.A. He says it could put the city at a competitive disadvantage versus neighboring areas that are less stringent about smoking. 8/ 19/93 - WORLD NEWS TONDGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco and Disease N C The CDC reports that smoking increases a person's risk for getting myeloid leukemda: N ~ O N O ~ C)

9/2/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6•.30-7PM - FET Brief mention about possibility that "sin taxes" on tobacco and liquor will' help pay for health care reform. 9/21/93'- WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FET The,ClintonAdministrationclaims that new taxes on tobacco and alcohol will raise $105 billion in new revenues. It is reported that the Clinton plan should include not only an increased.FET on tobacco, but an anti-smoking advertising campaign (as in California)) if the goal is to get people to stop smoking,cigarettes. 9/23/93 - NQC;HTLINE SPECI?:L EDITION -1O PM - FET Pres. Clinton (guest on the show) defends FET as a means to fund health care reform. He wants to.avoid a broad tax on everyone. However, since "t'here,is some risk at any level. [to smoking] ... it imposes an enormous cost on the health care systemwhich the rest of'us have to pay. So, it seemed to me that that was a fair way to get some money." (Note, Clinton speculates that the PET on cigarettes would be a little under a dollar.") 1i@/11/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THLS MORNL[*1G- 5:57 AM - Tobacco Advertising Baseball teams (Royals and Mariners) are eliminating the MARLBORO MAN fmom billboards inside stadiums. Seventeen ballparks have already banned smoking in ttnee stands. A King County (Seattle) official says, "For too long cigarette companies have been saying 'in your face' and having this ad up there; it's very offensive to people." 11 /1!/93'- THE HOME SHOW -11 AM - Tobacco Advertising Program focuses on IMPACT and its campaign to stop tobacco companies from marketing "their deaddy products to chilljren"' Joe Camel and the MARLBORO MAN are intended to appeal to children. The MARLBORO MAN is a~ hero figure "that young people strive for." The tobacco companies target cluidren to replace smokers who quit or die: Tobacco companies sell 947 millibn packs of. cigarettes to U1S. teens every year. A 15-year-old antfi+-smoker points out that tobacco advertisers apparently violate their own voluntary restrictions about not using youthful models, healthy models, models who make,smoki¢zg look like a healthy habit and models depicted as ~artiripating in strenuous physical activities. She shows a copy of Sports Yil'ustraten ror Kids with a. photo showing a racing car bearing the Marlboro insignia, and says this is one way tobacco companies using.pronlotions to get around their self-imposed rules agalnstt advertising in youth publications.. Tom Lauria of the TI denies the industry is violating its own rules to appeal to youth. Teen smoki¢ig,is atan.aIl time lbw and tobacco ads don t increase market,share; they promote brand switching. Lauria points out that.in foreign.countries where cigarette ads are banned there has been no corresponding

decmease in the incidence of youth smoking. Since 1986, he ads, the tobacco industry has been publishing,information to help parents deal with youth smoking: Program ctoses with 15-yeaa•old activist saying that we "need to stop the problem before it starts, and banning things like.Joe CameP... would dothat." . 11/10/93 - ABC World News Tonight - 6:30-7 PMi-Tobacco and Health According to the AMA, tobacco was the biggest underlying cause of death in1990, respons~ble for 400,000 deaths. The notiorn thattobacco is deacldy is catching on in "tobacco country." Some North Carolina localities are introducing smoking restrictions in pubinc places. 11 /22/9'3 - DAY ONE - 8:30 PM - Nicotine Poisoning Tobacco farming has changed little in over a century and in the Fall, nearly 500,000 workers wilalbegin to cut the crop.. While workimg im the fields, they will'be exposed to nicotine, which is absorbed through the skin. These workers wear. no protective dothing, they are not insured, have no workers comp coverage and no union to look out after their interests. Yet, they will get sick from nicotine absorption and "health officials are doing almost nothing to stop it'." Program features ~ segment from the emergency room of a small KY hospitadl where, on one night, eight nicotine poisoning cases are treated. I¢n, 1992, the federal government began surveying KY hospitals to determine how widpspread the incidence of nicotine poisoning is. Said one doctor. "In a 40 percent solution, it' is very potent and it could kill you t'he same way that a nervee gas could kill you." However, health officials know of no cases of fatal.nicotine poisonings. 12/1 /93'- GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 7-9 AM - Nicotfine Products FDA bans over the counter products to help. smokers quit., Dr. Michael Fiore (Dir., Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention) says the FD~A action. is to be welcomed because now people whawant to quit smoking can be steered to products that "we know that work." Also, because these are prescription products, individuals will~ have the benefit of counselang,from physicians about how to beat their addiction to smoking. He cites Dr. Koop's statement that cigarettes are as addictive as.heroin or cocaine. Program closes with point that a nice holiday gift would be to tell your relatives you ve quit,smoking. 12/7/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - job Cuts RJR announces it wilID lay off 6,000 jobs; nearly one-tenth of its workforce.

1/20/94 - PRIIVEE TIIvIE LIVE - 9-10. PM - Tobacco Lobbying Program focuses on allixpense.junkets paid for by the tobacco and insurance lobbies that pay for trips for Sernators and Congressmem to resorts. Reporter Mike Wallace mmkes a point that private guards lnired by U S Tobaem kept the ABC crew aryvay from the goimgs on at one resort. U S'. Tobacco dedined to be intervuewed on camera, but said the trips were charity events. Reporter questioned the charitable nat~re of the evemts when one considers that the expense of flying the politicians to distant locales, puttung,tliemi up in expense hotels and providing their entertamm~ent far exceeds the am ounYcontributed to charity.. Swch lobbying activity takes plitce due to a loophole in Congressional lobbying restrictions; a loophole Sen. Lautenberg is trying to dose, so far without success. Cliff Doug]as,.Advocacy Institute consultant: "There is an inherent conflict of interest inn menlbers of Congress being flown to play tennis at luxury resorts by tobacco interests." Douglas is concerned about the cumulative effect of such paid travell on legislators and how they treat tobacco issues.. 2/25/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:304.7 PM - Nicotine ABC News has uncovered the "long-held secret" that tobacco compatdes have manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes by add"ang.waste products to cigarette tobacco that are fortffied with a, nicotine extract. An RJR spokesman denies that his company is manipulating or adding nicotine. "It's a natural component of.tobacco, and it's totally derived from tobacco." 2/25/94- 20/20 -10'-11PIvf -Nicatine This is a preview about the forthcoming DAY ONE story. It shows Rep. Synar saying that tobacco connpanies are jeopardizingthe health of the U.S. public "without having, consequence." 2/28/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Nicotine The FDA's stated intention to regulate t'obacco had,consequences on Capitol Hill and Wall Street. On The Hill, members of both Houses are calling for hearings on protectfing, snlokers from addiction. On Wall Street, tobacco stocks fell sharply following the FDA pronouncement.

2/28/9'1- DAY'ONE - 8-9 PM - Nicotine ABC News 'uncovers' fact that tobacco companies have secretly been manipulating . levels of nicotine in cigarettes. "In reality, cigarettes are a complex, scientifically engineered product,about which little is known publicly." RJR pioneered.the process by which cigaret'tes are made more ~ cheaply and the level of nicotine is controlled. One addiction expert said: "A cigarette is essentially the crack cocaine form of nicotine delivery." Program discloses a confidentiali PM memo that describes a cigarette as "a dispenser of. a does: unit of nicotfine." The cigarette companies apply a powerful tobacco. extract containing nicotine and flavor t'o reconstituted tobacco. A former RJR.manager said.the process is engaged in to "keep the consumer happy." Dr..Koop says that if this is true, then cigarette companies are. "selling a nicotine dispenser." ABC hired a. laboratory to analyze cigarettes to prove that nicotine was indeed being added. However, an RJR scientist denied on camera that nicotine is added. Reporter Jphn, Martin says that publicly the companies say they add'tlne nicotine extract solely to add flavor. But an extract industry manager. said cigarette makers use the extract to give reconstituted tobacco a "kick" from nicotine. Report cites fact that PM received "thousands of gallons" of mixedi denatured nicotine during the 1980s. . Cliff Douglas (American Cancer Society) says the U.S. public doesn't have a.clue about how nicotine is manip ulated by the tobacco manufacturers.. According to Rep. Synar (D~Okla.): "They [tobacco companies] can doctor it [their product], they can alter it, they can.do anything to it, and they can literally jeopardize the health of the American public without having any consequences." Nicotine is not taken out of cigarettes by tobacco companies because such products would not sell, e.g. PM's "Next" product was a failure. Report cites FDA letter seeking authority from Congress to regulate tobacco because of its addictive nature. 3/2/94- GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 8:14AM - Youth Smoking/Tobacco Ads Dr.lviichael Fiore ofthe University of Wisconsin, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention,.offers parents tips onhow to prevent.children from smoking. He says that each day,.3,000 youths become addicted to smoking and that mosYof these youths are uander the age of 18. Youths are influenced by tobacco ads,which are,directed'"specificauy" at them. Parents should take this whole issue very seriously,.and establush.smoke-free homes, work with.schools, see to it that tobacco isnot sold to minors in theit communities,etc: He adds that parents ought to know thatkids that develop alcoholland.drug addictions finst begin with tobacco. Youths who smoke alsoo d'o poorly in school. He call's for a higher EFET to prevent youths from buying cigarettes.