Tobacco Documents Online

1/5/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:40 PM - Secondhand Smoke EPA is about to classify cigarette smoke as a Class A carcinogen. Reporter likens cigarette smoke to radon and asbestos. Fran Dumeli of the American Lung Association calls for an almost total ban on smoking around children. American Heart Association will call for big increase in tobacco FET. 1/6/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING - 5:40 AM - Secondhand Smoke EPA says ETS causes about 3,0001ung cancer deaths among smokers and 300,000 bronchial infections in children each year. EPA will designate cigarette smoke a Class A carcinogen, with the likely outcome that smoking will be banned where adults work and children learn and play. American Heart Association will call for large increase in tobacco FET. 1/8/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7PM, Litigation Illinois plaintiff asserts that tobacco companies' advertising and public relations were deceptive and caused him to smoke, despite warning labels. Suit is against RJR. 1/8/93 - 20/20 - 10:55 PM - Secondhand Smoke The declaration by the EPA that cigarette smoke is a Class A carcinogen means that there will be fewer places to smoke in public, including professional baseball stadiums. A lung cancer victim characterizes secondhand smoke as "pulmonary rape." Host Hugh Downs says the EPA action "makes a pariah out of smokers." 1/10/93 - THIS WEEK WITH DAVID BRINKLEY - 12:15 PM - Secondhand Smoke In the wake of the EPA action on secondhand smoke, Sam Donaldson says that it was once OK for smokers to kill themselves, but now they're "killing everyone around them. They're killing children." He adds that "They [cigarette companies] should be put out of business." He adds that they have been engaged in a conspiracy to hide the truth about the dangers of smoking. Brinkley points out that Marlboro cigarettes are best selling consumer products in the world. Donaldson closes out program asking "How do they [cigarette companies] live with themselves? How do these tobacco executives go home and live with themselves?" 1/24/93 - BUSINESS WORLD - - Nicotine Patches N O Last year, 5 million smokers paid $300 for 3 months' therapy, "making these patches the N most widely accepted new pharmaceutical ever." The patches roughly double the 8 ~ percent rate of success in helping people quit smoking. Behavior modiC cation groups r are increasingly being retained by corporations to help their employees quit smoking. w : 0" ~ ~U

1/30/93 -kBC NEWS SATURDAY - 6:40 PM - Charles Kueper Lawsuit The tobacco industry and smokers' rights organizations are hailing an Illinois jury's decision that the tobacco industry is not responsible for Mr. Kueper's lung cancer. Kueper, who was interviewed for the story, points out the tobacco companies' defense is that there is no proof of causation, but that this defense is really a deception. Kueper's lawyer calls tobacco companies, "no good s-o-b's." 2/25/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FET Pres. Clinton strongly hints that some of the costs associated with healthcare reform will have to be borne by "people who ignore the risks of smoking and drinking." Pres. Clinton: "I think cigarette taxes, for example, are different." 2/25/93 - PRIlVIETIlvIE LIVE -_ PM - Tobacco and Health Tobacco industry has been engaged in a 40+-year "orchestrated campaign" to "hide the truth" about the dangers of smoking. According to Dr. Anthony Colucci, a former toxicologist with R.J. Reynolds, he was fired when his research showed that cigarettes destroyed lung tissue and ultimately caused cancer in humans. The broadcast reported that the industry set up the Tobacco Research Council in 1954 as a public relations ploy to spread disinformation about the dangers of smoking. When Sam Donaldson reads the Surgeon's General's warning to a chemist from Reynolds, he responds that there is no proven causation between smoking and human diseases. Another former Reynolds scientist supports Colucci and says that the tobacco industry has "continuously withheld the truth" from the American public on this issue. Attorney Mark Edell said, "The Council for Tobacco Research was a fraud." A University of Michigan professor public health says the tobacco industry's behavior in this area, "[I]s one of the most reprehensible examples of corporate behavior gone wrong that has ever existed in the history of this country." Models for Lucky Strike and Marlboro, who developed cancer, are cited and interviewed. The report concludes with news that the tobacco industry deliberately kept a so-called "safe cigarette" off the market because to have done otherwise would be equivalent to an admission that cigarettes are dangerous, opening them up to legal liability. Dr. Colucci points out that tobacco companies have been so successful to date in liability lawsuits because they set an impossibly high standard for proving causation between smoking and human disease. Sam Donaldson points out that Philip Morris, and other tobacco companies (except Reynolds) declined to be interviewed for this report. N O N W t0 r w ~ w *

2/28/93 - THIS WEEK WITH DAVID BRINKLEY -11:30 AM - FET OMB Director Panetta is interviewed about likelihood that government will restrict amount tobacco companies can deduct for advertising. Panetta says this should be looked into and the Administration is willing to work with Congress to put this forward. Later in the program, regulars discuss impact of a $2 tax on cigarettes. Geo. Will points out that the demand for cigarettes is price elastic. Cokie Roberts says one impact of the FET would be to reduce smoking among youths. Donaldson adds that ETS is a danger to children. Regarding the deductibility of advertising expenses, Donaldson points out that cigarette advertising is not conducted to induce brand switching, but as a means to attract young people (cites Joe Camel). 3/12/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING - 5:30 AM - FET Some Congressmen are calling for an increase in FET from 24 cents/pack to $1 per pack. Rep. Mike Andrews (D-Tex.) points out than FET increase will discourage smoking by youth. Sen. Bill Bradley says the tax revenues will be used to care for people made ill by smoking. Report adds that OMB Director may call for a $2/pack increase in the FET. 3/15/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:56PM - Tobacco Subsidies Even though the direct subsidy to tobacco farmers was eliminated in 1982, the Agriculture Dept. provides a number of services to tobacco farmers, costing taxpayers nearly $15 billion annually. This seems to contradict government policy regarding tobacco and health. 3/16/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 8:25 AM - Smoking Ban/Secondhand Smoke Congress is considering a new ban on smoking in Federal buildings. Many federal buildings lack proper ventilation and workers are thus exposed to the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Surgeon General Antonia Novello points out that smoking is a factor the deaths of 434,000 people each year; the equivalent of three fully loaded jumbo jets crashing every day and killing all aboard. 3/17/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6•.30-7 PM - FET A report on Hillary Clinton's task force on health care reform; it includes brief mention 0 of the need for taxes on tobacco, alcohol and handguns to pay for the plan. News report ty also included news a move on Capitol Hill to eliminate the business deduction for W tobacco advertising. It was related, however, that the ACLU would fight the effort on ~ free speech grounds. (Story mentioned Camel promotions for sportswear.) w ~ ~ i

3/30/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:35 PM - FET The threat of an increase in the FET has led to a massive lobbying effort by the tobacco industry to counter it. Philip Morris has set up an 800 number so smokers can call Congress directly to protest the increase. The tobacco lobby "is a Goliath;" Philip Morris and RJR made political contributions of $1.3 million in 1992. Growers are also being trained to engage in political action on Capitol Hill. Report concludes with observation that "the consensus" is that the FET on tobacco will go up. 4/2/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco Stock Prices Tobacco stocks were hard hit following PM's announcement that competition from discount cigarettes would push its business down 40 percent in 1993; PM stock was down 15 points and the most actively traded stock. 4/2/93 - 20/20 - 10-11 PM - Smokers' Rights Smokers are the newest minority - "pariahs" - who increasingly find themselves forced "underground" by bans on smoking in public, in workplace and in restaurants. Some smokers are forced into defensive postures by bans and by the rude behavior of non-smokers who don't like smokers. Somewhere along the way, the anti-smoking campaign became an anti-smokers campaign. John Banzhaf (Action on Smoking and Health): There is no such thing as a non-smoking area in a restaurant because the smoke is recirculated and dispersed throughout an establishment. He draws an anology between cigarette smoke and asbestos. "We're not trying to force smokers not to smoke. We're simply saying, 'Don't smoke around me; " he said. He adds that smokers are addicts who inflict risk on innocent third parties. But, smokers "are angry and organizing." Interview with representative from the Connecticut Smokers Association. At end of interview„ Hugh Downs describes himself as an ex-smoker who does not want to curtail the rights of smokers "as long as they don't invade other people's environment and health." He adds that he does not favor a ban on tobacco because that would lead to crime and high taxes would create a black market 4/4/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 9-10 AM - Marlboro Friday Gary Shilling l,Fobes) relates that Philip Morris' stock fell 22 percent the previous Friday because "they have a different problem ... generics." Shilling calls PM a "true believer" stock, along with IBM and Merck. (Shilling only talks about IBM, however.) N

4/5/93 - hQGHTLINE - 11:30 PM - Marlboro Friday Show opens with brief report on Marlboro Friday and the PM price cut. PM's William Campbell is interviewed and says that the new pricing strategy responds to limits on consumers' incomes in recessionary times. A panel discussion ensues involving Larry Adelman (Dean Witter), Manny Goldman (Paine Webber), Richard Daynard (Tobacco Product Liablility Project) and Greg Connolly (Mass. Dept. of Public Health). Daynard says America faces a public health crisis, and the price cut will only get younger people to start smoking. Connolly believes the price cut was motivated by a desire to attract more and younger smokers. Reporter Bill Greenwood mentions the possibility of the $2 FET. Sen Bill Bradley says the tax will provide funds for the care of people made ill by smoking., Goldman says PM made a good decision to cut the price of Marlboro, but the marketplace will be the final judge. He thinks other tobacco companies will follow suit. Discussion again turns to impact the price cut will have on youths and smoking; consensus is that cut will increase youth smoking, but PM won't admit that. Connolly points out that Marlboro spends a quarter of a billion dollars on advertising to get young people to smoke the brand. Daynard says, "These companies are really pitching to kids." Some panelists think the price cut was in anticipation of an increase in the FET. Daynard says that, therefore, the FET should be increase to $2.40 per pack. Goldman thinks smoking is minimally sensitive to price and an increase in the FET could lead to smuggling. Discussion doses with Daynard and Connolly claiming that they are optimistic that the Clinton Administration's anti-tobacco stance will be successful in the long term. 4/29/93 - PRIMETIlVIE LIVE - _ - Lobbying Report is about all-expense-paid trips for Congressmen to luxury resorts that are hosted by lobbyists. Focus here was on a junket funded by the electronics lobbyists. Such activity was presented as questionable ethically, because lobbyists were looking for a "quid pro quo" after all the wining and dining. There was one brief reference to a junket paid for by U.S. Tobacco. 5/3/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:44 PM - FET The Canadian experience with high tobacco FET is examined. Upshot of report is that smuggling and other criminal activity increased as a result. Reporter nevertheless says N that the tax led to less smoking and the Canadian government collects more in taxes O than it loses to smuggling. Still, Canadians have had to beef up border patrols and ZU stiffen criminal penalties for smuggling. ~ .,...;. .-.

5/13/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - March on Washington/FET Report opens with reference to 1,000 N.C. tobacco farmers marching on the Capitol to protest FET increase. Report then shifts to the economic impact of increasing the FET. Farmers are interviewed; they fear increase use of cheaper, imported tobacco. They also fear that their living standards will fall because they will be forced to cultivate less profitable crops than tobacco. However, a former smoker, now with emphysema, is interviewed. She says: "They should not grow tobacco to kill people just for money." The government reports that smoking-related disease cost U.S. businesses $47 billion/year in lost worker productivity and absenteeism. Most Americans don't know that the cost of tobacco advertising is subsidized via a tax deduction. "A $2-a-pack cigarette tax would bring in as much as $100 billion in five years and save hundres of billions more in future costs." 6/22/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Lawsuit Versus EPA The tobacco industry fights back against the EPA in a lawsuit, claiming the agency's conclusion that ETS causes cancer was based on politics not science. Steve Parrish of PM is quoted. 7/1/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco Advertising Public service announcements will begin to help black smokers - who are a major target for tobacco advertising - kick the smoking habit. 7/22/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 7 AM - Secondhand Smoke EPA asks parents not to smoke in their homes and said that children and nonsmokers should be protected from smoke in public places and on the job. EPA estimates that up to 1 million children suffer asthma attacks because of ETS. 7/25/93 - THIS WEEK WITH DAVID BRIlJKLEY -_- Smoking Ban Mayor Riordan of L.A, is questioned about the total ban on smoking in L.A. He says it could put the city at a competitive disadvantage versus neighboring areas that are less stringent about smoking. 8/19/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco and Disease The CDC reports that smoking increases a person's risk for getting myeloid leukemia.

9/2/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7PM - FET Brief mention about possibility that "sin taxes" on tobacco and liquor will help pay for health care reform. 9/21 / 93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FET The Clinton Administration daims that new taxes on tobacco and alcohol will raise $105 billion in new revenues. It is reported that the Clinton plan should include not only an increased FET on tobacco, but an anti-smoking advertising campaign (as in California) if the goal is to get people to stop smoking cigarettes. 9/23/93 - NIGHTLINE SPECIAL EDITION -10 PM - FET Pres. Clinton (guest on the show) defends FET as a means to fund health care reform. He wants to avoid a broad tax on everyone. However, since "there is some risk at any level [to smoking] ... it imposes an enormous cost on the health care system which the rest of us have to pay. So, it seemed to me that that was a fair way to get some money." (Note, Clinton speculates that the FET on cigarettes would be a little under a dollar.") 10/11/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING - 5:57 AM - Tobacco Advertising , Baseball teams (Royals and Mariners) are eliminating.the MARLBORO MAN from. billboards inside stadiums. Seventeen ballparks have already banned smoking in the stands. A King County (Seattle) official says, "For too long cigarette companies have been saying 'in your face' and having this ad up there; it's very offensive to people." 11/1/93 - THE HOME SHOW -11 AM - Tobacco Advertising Program focuses on IMPACT and its campaign to stop tobacco companies from marketing "their deadly products to children." Joe Camel and the MARLBORO MAN are intended to appeal to children. The MARLBORO MAN is a hero figure "that young people strive for." The tobacco companies target children to replace smokers who quit or die. Tobacco companies sell 947 million packs of cigarettes to U.S. teens every year. A 15-year-old anti-smoker points out that tobacco advertisers apparently violate their own voluntary restrictions about not using youthful models, healthy models, models who make smoking look like a healthy habit and models depicted as ~articipating in N strenuous physical activities. She shows a copy of Sv= uiustratea _rn_r xids with a 0 photo showing a racing car bearing the Marlboro insignia, and says this is one way ty tobacco companies using promotions to get around their self-imposed rules against C~. advertising in youth publications. Tom Lauria of the TI denies the industry is violating GO its own rules to appeal to youth. Teen smoking is at an all time low and tobacco ads ~ don't increase market share; they promote brand switching. Lauria points out that in ~ foreign countries where cigarette ads are banned there has been no corresponding ~ ~

decrease in the incidence of youth smoking. Since 1986, he ads, the tobacco industry has been publishing information to help parents deal with youth smoking. Program closes with 15-year-old activist saying that we "need to stop the problem before it starts, and banning things like Joe Camel ... would do that." 11/10/93 - ABC World News Tonight - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco and Health According to the AMA, tobacco was the biggest underlying cause of death in 1990, responsible for 400,000 deaths. The notion that tobacco is deadly is catching on in "tobacco country." Some North Carolina localities are introducing smoking restrictions in public places. 11/22/93 - DAY ONE - 8:30 PM - Nicotine Poisoning Tobacco farming has changed little in over a century and in the Fall, nearly 500,000 workers will begin to cut the crop. While working in the fields, they will be exposed to nicotine, which is absorbed through the skin. These workers wear no protective clothing, they are not insured, have no workers comp coverage and no union to look out after their interests. Yet, they will get sick from nicotine absorption and "health officials are doing almost nothing to stop it." Program features segment from the emergency room of a small KY hospital where, on one night, eight nicotine poisoning cases are treated. In 1992, the federal government began surveying KY hospitals to determine how widespread the incidence of nicotine poisoning is. Said one doctor. "In a 40 percent solution, it is very potent and it could kill you the same way that a nerve gas could kill you." However, health officials know of no cases of fatal nicotine poisonings. 12/1/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 7-9 AM - Nicotine Products FDA bans over the counter products to help smokers quit. Dr. Michael Fiore (Dir., Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention) says the FDA action is to be welcomed because now people who want to quit smoking can be steered to products that "we know that work." Also, because these are prescription products, individuals will have the benefit of counseling from physicians about how to beat their addiction to smoking. He cites Dr. Koop's statement that cigarettes are as addictive as heroin or cocaine. Program closes with point that a nice holiday gift would be to tell your relatives you've quit smoking. 12/7/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - job Cuts p N RJR announces it will lay off 6,000 jobs; nearly one-tenth of its workforce. ~ M W ~ ~

1/20/94 - PRIlViE TIME LIVE - 9-10 PM - Tobacco Lobbying Program focuses on all-expense junkets paid for by the tobacco and insurance lobbies that pay -for trips for Senators and Congressmen to resorts. Reporter Mike Wallace makes a point that private guards hired by US. Tobacco kept the ABC crew away from the goings on at one resort. U.S. Tobacco declined to be interviewed on camera, but said the trips were charity events. Reporter questioned the charitable nature of the events when one considers that the expense of flying the politicians to distant locales, putting them up in expense hotels and providing their entertainment far exceeds the amount contributed to charity. Such lobbying activity takes place due to a loophole in Congressional lobbying restrictions; a loophole Sen. Lautenberg is trying to dose, so far without success. Cliff Douglas, Advocacy Institute consultant: "Ibere is an inherent conflict of interest in members of Congress being flown to play tennis at luxury resorts by tobacco interests." Douglas is concerned about the cumulative effect of such paid travel on legislators and how they treat tobacco issues. 2/25/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Nicotine ABC News has uncovered the "long held secret" that tobacco companies have manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes by adding waste products to cigarette tobacco that are fortified with a nicotine extract. An RJR spokesman denies that his company is manipulating or adding nicotine. "It's a natural component of tobacco, and it's totally derived from tobacco." 2/25/94- 20/20 -10-11PM - Nicotine This is a preview about the forthcoming DAY ONE story. It shows Rep. Synar saying that tobacco companies are jeopardizing the health of the U.S. public "without having consequence." 2/28/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Nicotine The FDA's stated intention to regulate tobacco had consequences on Capitol Hill and Wall Street. On The I-iill, members of both Houses are calling for hearings on protecting smokers from addiction. On Wall Street, tobacco stocks fell sharply following the FDA pronouncement. N O ~ W GD W ~ 0 0

2/28/94 - DAY ONE - 8-9 PM - Nicotine ABC News 'uncovers' fact that tobacco companies have secretly been manipulating levels of nicotine in cigarettes. "In reality, cigarettes are a complex, scientifically engineered product about which little is known publicly." RJR pioneered the process by which cigarettes are made more cheaply and the level of nicotine is controlled. One addiction expert said: "A cigarette is essentially the crack cocaine form of nicotine delivery." Program discloses a confidential PM memo that describes a cigarette as "a dispenser of a does unit of nicotine." The cigarette companies apply a powerful tobacco extract containing nicotine and flavor to reconstituted tobacco. A former RJR manager said the process is engaged in to "keep the consumer happy." Dr. Koop says that if this is true, then cigarette companies are "selling a nicotine dispenser." ABC hired a laboratory to analyze cigarettes to prove that nicotine was indeed being added. However, an RJR scientist denied on camera that nicotine is added. Reporter John Martin says that publicly the companies say they add the nicotine extract solely to add flavor. But an extract industry manager said cigarette makers use the extract to give reconstituted tobacco a "kick" from nicotine. Report cites fact that PM received "thousands of gallons" of mixed, denatured nicotine during the 1980s. Cliff Douglas (American Cancer Society) says the US. public doesn't have a due about how nicotine is manipulated by the tobacco manufacturers. According to Rep. Synar (D-Okla.): `"They [tobacco companies] can doctor it [their product], they can alter it, they can do anything to it, and they can literally jeopardize the health of the American public without having any consequences." Nicotine is not taken out of cigarettes by tobacco companies because such products would not sell, e.g. PM's "Next" product was a failure. Report cites FDA letter seeking authority from Congress to regulate tobacco because of its addictive nature. 3/2/94- GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 8:14AM - Youth Smoking/Tobacco Ads Dr. Michael Fiore of the University of'Wisconsin, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, offers parents tips on how to prevent children from smoking. He says that each day, 3,000 youths become addicted to smoking and that most of these youths are under the age of 18. Youths are influenced by tobacco ads, which are directed "specifically" at them. Parents should take this whole issue very seriously, and establish smoke-free homes, work with schools, see to it that tobacco is not sold to minors in their communities, etc. He adds that parents ought to know that kids that develop alcohol and drug addictions first begin with tobacco. Youths who smoke also do poorly in school. He calls for a higher FET to prevent youths from buying cigarettes.