Tobacco Documents Online

ABC NEWS COVERAGE OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY & PHILIP MORRIS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 1/5/93 6:30 PM. 2. WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING 1/6/93 5:40 AM. 3. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 1/7/93 6:30 PM 4. 20/20 1/8/93 10:55 PM 5.THIS WEEK WITH DAVID BRINKLEY 1/10/93 11:30 AM 6. PRIMETIME LIVE 1/21 /93 10:00 PM 7. BUSINESS WORLD 1/24/93 8. WORLD NEWS SATURDAY 1/30/93 6:40 PM 9. WORLD NEWS SATURDAY 2/13/93 6:30 PM 10. PRIMETIME LIVE 2/18/93 10:00 PM 11. NIGHTLINE 2/22/93 11:30 PM 12. PRIMETIME LIVE 2/25/93 10:00 PM 13. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 2/25/93 6:30 PM 14. THIS WEEK W/ DAVID BRINKLEY 2/28/93 11:30 AM 15. NIGHTLINE 3/10/93 11:30, PM 16. WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING 3/12/93 5:30 AM 17. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 3/15/93 6:56 PM 18. GOOD MORNING AMERICA 3/16/93 8:25 AM 19. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 3/17/93 6:30 PM 20. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 3/30/93 6:35 PM 21. 20/20 4/2/93 10:00 PM 22 WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 4/2/93 6:30 PM 23. GOOD MORNING AMERICA 4/4/93 9:00 AM 24. NIGHTLINE 4/5/93 11:30 PM 25. PRIMETIME LIVE 4/29/93 10:00 PM 26. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 5/3/93 6:44 PM 27. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 5/13/93 6:30 PM 28. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 6/14/93 6:30PM 29. WORLD NEWS TONIGI-iT 6/22/93 6:30 PM 30. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 7/1/93 6:30 PM 31. GOOD MORNING AMERICA 7/22/93 7:00i AM 32. THIS WEEK W/DAVID BRINKLEY 7/25/93 11:30: AM 33. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 8/19/93 6:30 PM 34. PRIMETIME LIVE 8/26/93 10:00 PM 35. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 9/2/93 6:30 PM 36. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 9/21/93 6:30.PM 37. NIGHTLINE 9/23/93 11:30 PM 38. WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING 10/11/93 5:57 AM 39. THE HOME SHOW 11 / 1/93 11:00 AM 40. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 11/10/93 6:30 PM 41. DAY ONE 11/22/93 8:30 PM

42. GOOD MORNING AMERICA 12/1/93 7:00 AM 43: WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 12/7/93 6:30 PM 44. THIS WEEK W/DAVID BRINKLEY 12/19/93 11:30 AM 45. PRIMETIME LIVE 12/30/93 10:00 PM 46 WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 1/5/94 6c30 PM 47. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 1/11/94 6:30 PM 48. PRIMETIME LIVE 1/20/94 9:00 PM 49. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 1/26/94 6:30 PM 50. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 1/31/94 6:30 PM 51. DAY ONE 1/31 /94 8:00 PM 52. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 2/7/94 6:30 PM 53. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 2/22/94 6:30 PM 54. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 2/24/94 6:30 PM 55. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 2/25/94 6:30 PM 56. 20/20 2/25/94 9:00 PM 57. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 2/28/94 6:30 PM 58. DAY ONE 2/28/94 8:00 PM 59. GOOD MORNING AMERICA 3/2/94 8:14 AM 60. DAY ONE 3/7/94 8:00 PM 61. WORLD NEWS TONIGHT 3/9/94 6:30 PM 62. NIGHTLINE 3/9/94 11:30 PM

1/5/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:40 PM - Secondhand Smoke EPA is about to classify cigarette smoke as a Class A carcinogen. Reporter likens cigarette smoke to radon and asbestos. Fran Dumeli of the American Lung Association calls for an almost total ban on smoking around children. American Heart Association will call for big increase in tobacco FET. 1/6/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING - 5:40 AM - Secondhand Smoke EPA says ETS causes about 3,000 lung cancer deaths among smokers and 300,000 bronclual infections in children each year. EPA wi ll designate cigarette smoke a Class A carcinogen, with the likely outcome that smoking will be banned where adults work and children learn and play. American Heart Association wiIl call for large increase in tobacco FET. 1/8/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7PM, Litigation Illinois plaintiff asserts that tobacco companies' advertising and public relations were deceptive and caused him to smoke, despite warning labels. Suit is against RJ1L 1/8/93 - 20/20 -10:55 PM - Secondhand Smoke The declaration by the F,PA that cigarette smoke is a Class A carcinogen means that there will be fewer places to smoke in public, including professional baseball stadiums. A lung cancer victim characterizes secondhand smoke as "pulmonary rape." Host Hugh Downs says the EPA action "makes a pariah out of smokers." 1/10/93 - T1-IIS WEEK W'ITH DAVID BRINKLEY -12:15 PM - Secondhand Smoke In the wake of the EPA action on secondhand smoke, Sam Donaldson says that it was once OK for smokers to kill themselves, but now they're "killing everyone around them. They're killing children." He adds that'"They [cigarette companies] should be put out of business." He adds that they have been engaged in a conspiracy to hide the truth about the dangers of smoking. Brinkley points out that Marlboro cigarettes are best selling consumer products in the world. Donaldson closes out program asking "How do they [cigarette companies] ] live with themselves? How do these tobacco executives go home and live with themselves?" 1/ 24/ 93 - BUSINESS WORLD - - Nicotui ' ~ e Patches ~ Last year, 5 million smokers paid $300 for 3 months' therapy, "making these patches thed most widely accepted new pharmaceutical ever." The patches roughly double the 8 percent rate of success in helping people quit smoking. Behavior modification groups are increasingly being retained by corporations to help their employees quit smoking. ~,

1/30/93 - ABC NEWS SA' Ro AY - 6:40 PM - Charles Kueper Lawsuit The tobacco industry and smokers' rights organizations are hailing an Illinois jury's decision that the tobacco industry is not responsible for Mr. Kueper's lung cancer. Kueper, who was interviewed for the story, points out the tobacco companies' defense is that there is no proof of causation, but that this defense is really a deception. Kueper's lawyer calls tobacco companies, "no good s-o-b's." 2/25/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FET Pres. Clinton strongly hints that some of the costs associated with healthcare reform will have to be borne by "people who ignore the risks of smoking and drinking." Pres. Clinton: "I think cigarette taxes, for example, are different." 2/25/93 - P NI k5 1:0 11 usl LIVE -_ PM - Tobacco and Health Tobacco industry has been engaged in a 40+-year "orchestrated campaign" to "hide the truth" about the dangers of smoking. According to Dr. Anthony Colucci, a former toxicologist with R.J. Reynolds, he was fired when his research showed that cigarettes destroyed lung tissue and ultimately caused cancer in humans. The broadcast reported that the industry set up the Tobacco Research Council in 1954 as a public relations ploy to spread disinformation about the dangers of smoking. When Sam Donaldson reads the Surgeon's General's warning to a chemist from Reynolds, he responds that there is no proven causation between smoking and human diseases. Another former Re .ynolds scientist supports Colucci and says that the tobacco industry has "continuously withheld the truth" from the American public on this issue. Attorney Mark Edell said, "The Council for Tobacco Research was a fraud." A University of Michigan professor public health says the tobacco industry's behavior in this area, "[T]s one of the most reprehensible examples of corporate behavior gone wrong that has ever existed in the history of this country." Models for Lucky Strike and Marlboro, who developed cancer, are cited and interviewed. The report concludes with news that the tobacco industry deliberately kept a so-called "safe cigarette" off the market because to have done otherwise would be equivalent to an admission that cigarettes are dangerous, opening them up to legal liability. Dr. Colucci points out that tobacco companies have been so successful to date in liability lawsuits because they set an impossibly high standard for proving causation between smoking and human disease. Sam Donaldson points out that Philip Morris, and other tobacco companies (except Reynolds) declined to be interviewed for this report. ~ N Ca ~

21.28/93 - THIS WEEK WITH DAVID BRINKLEY - 11:30 AM - FET OMB Director Panetta is interviewed about likelihood that government will restrict amount tobacco companies can deduct for advertising. Panetta says this should be looked into and the Administration is willing to work with Congress to put this forward. Later in the program, regulars discuss impact of a $2 tax on cigarettes. Geo. Will points out that the demand for cigarettes is price elastic. Cokie Roberts says one impact of the FET would be to reduce smoking among youths. Donaldson adds that ETS is a danger to children. Regarding the deductibility of advertising expenses, Donaldson points out that cigarette advertising is not conducted to induce brand switching, but as a means to attract young people (cites Joe Camel). 3/12/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING - 5:30 AM - FET Some Congressmen are calling for an increase in FET from 24 cents/pack to $1 per pack. Rep. Mike And'rews (D-Tex.) points out than FET increase will discourage smoking by youth. Sen. Bill Bradley says the tax revenues will be used to care for people made ill by smoking. Report adds that OMB Director may call for a $2/pack increase in the FET. 3/15/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:56PM - Tobacco Subsidies Even though the direct subsidy to tobacco farmers was eliminated in 1982, the Agriculture Dept. provides a number of services to tobacco farmers, costing taxpayers nearly $15 billion annually. This seems to contradict government policy regarding tobacco and health. 3/16/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 8:25 AM - Smoking Ban/Secondhand Smoke Congress is considering a new ban on smoking in Federal buildings. Many federal buildings lack proper ventilation and workers are thus exposed to the harmful effects of secondhand smoke. Surgeon General Antonia Novello points out that smoking is a factor the deaths of 434,000 people each year; the eq,uivalent of three fully loaded jumbo jets crashing every day and killing all aboard. 3/17/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FET N A report on Hillary Clinton's task force on health care reform; it includes brief mention Q of the need for taxes on tobacco, alcohol and handguns to pay for the plan. News report ~ also included news a move on Capitol Hill to eliminate the business deduction for ~ tobacco advertising. It was related, however, that the ACLU would fight the effort on N free speech grounds. (Story mentioned Camel promotions for sportswear.) ~ ~

3/30/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:35 PM - FET The threat of an increase in the FET has led to a massive lobbying effort by the tobacco industry to counter it. Philip Morris has set up an 800 number so smokers can call Congress directly to protest the increase. The tobacco lobby "is a Goliath;' Philip Morris and RJR made political contributions of $1.3 million in 1992. Growers are also being trained to engage in political action on Capitol Hill. Report concludes with observation that "the consensus" is that the FET on tobacco will go up. 4/2/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6c30-a PM - Tobacco Stock Prices Tobacco stocks were hard hit following PM's announcement that competition from discount cigarettes would push its business down 40 percent in 1993; PM stock was down 15 points and the most actively traded stock. 4/2/93 - 20/20 - 10-11 PM - Smokers' Rights Smokers are the newest minority -"pariahs" - who increasingly find themselves forced "underground" by bans on smoking in public, in workplace and in restaurants. Some smokers are forced into defensive postures by bans and by the rude behavior of non-smokers who don't like smokers. Somewhere along the way, the anti-smoking campaign became an anti-smokers campaign. John Banzhaf (Action on Smoking and Health)c There is no such thing as a non-smoking area in a restaurant because the smoke is recirculated and dispersed throughout an establishment He draws an anology between cigarette smoke and asbestos. "We're not trying to force smokers not to smoke. We're simply saying, 'Don't smoke around me,'" he said. He adds that smokers are addicts who inflict risk on innocent third parties. But, smokers "are angry and organizing." Interview with representative from the Connecticut Smokers Association. At end of interview, Hugh Downs describes himself as an ex-smoker who does not want to curtail the rights of smokers "as long as they don't invade other people's environment and health." He adds that he does not favor a ban on tobacco because that would lead to crime and high taxes would create a black market. 4/4/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 9-10 AM - Marlboro Friday Gary Shilling (Forbesl relates that Philip Morris' stock fell 22 percent the previous Friday because "they have a different problem... generics." Shilling calls PM a "true believer" stock, along with IBM and Merck. (Shilling only talks about IBM, however.)

4/5/93 - NIGHTLINE -11:30 PM - Marlboro Friday Show opens with.brief report on Marlboro Friday and the PM price cut PM's William Campbell is interviewed and says that the new pricing strategy responds to limits on consumers' incomes in recessionary times. A panel discussion ensues involving Larry Adelman (Dean Witter), Manny Goldman (Paine Webber), Richard Daynard (Tobacco Product Liablility Project) and Greg Connolly (Mass. Deptt of Public Health). Daynard says America faces a public health crisis, and the price cut will only get younger people to start smoking. Connolly believes the price cut was motivated by a desire to attract more and younger smokers. Reporter Bill Greenwood mentions the possibility of the $2 FET. Sen. Bill Bradley says the tax will provide funds for the care of people made ill by smoking. Goldman says PM made a good decision to cut the price of Marlboro, but the marketplace will be the final judge. He thinks other tobacco companies will follow suit. Discussion again turns to impact the price cut will have on youths and smoking; consensus is that cut will increase youth smoking, but PM won't adinit that. Connolly points out that Marlboro spends a quarter of a billion dollars on advertising to get young people to smoke the brand. Daynard says, "lhese companies are really pitching to kids." Some panelists think the price cut was in anticipation of an increase in the FLT. Daynard says that, therefore, the FET should be increase to $2.40 per pack. Goldman thinks smoking is i` y sensitive to price and an increase in the FET could lead to smuggling. Discussion doses with Daynard and Connolly claiming that they are op tunistic that the Clinton Administration's anti-tobacco stance will be successful in the long term. 4/29/93 - PP.tME M LIVE - - - Lobbying Report is about all-expense-paid trips for Congressmen to luxury resorts that are hosted by lobbyists. Focus here was on a junket funded by the electronics lobbyists. Such activity was presented as questionable ethically, because lobbyists were looking for a "quid pro quo" after all the wining and dining. There was one brief reference to a junket paid for by US. Tobacco. 5/3f 93 - ABC WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:44 PM - FET The Canadiann experience with high tobacco FET is examined. Upshot of report is that smuggling and other criminal activity increased as a result. Reporter nevertheless says that the tax led to less smoking and the Canadian government collects more in taxes than it loses to smuggling. Still, Canadians have had to beef up border patrols and stiffen criminal penalties for smuggling. I

5/13/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - March on Washington/FET Report opens with reference to 1,000 N.C. tobacco farmers marching on the Capitol to protest FET increase. Report then shifts to the economic impact of increasing the FET. Farmers are interviewed; they fear increase use of cheaper, imported tobacco. They also fear that their living standards will fall because they will be forced to cultivate less profitable crops than tobacco. However, a former smoker, now with emphysema, is interviewed. She says: "They should not grow tobacco to kill people just for money." The government reports that smoking-related disease cost US. businesses $47 billion/year in lost worker productivity and absenteeism. Most Americans don't know that the cost of tobacco advertising is subsidized via a tax deduction. "A $2-a-pack cigarette tax would bring in as much as $100 billion in five years and save hundres of billions more in future costs." 6/22/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Lawsuit Versus EPA The tobacco industry fights back against the EPA in a lawsuit, claiming the agency's conclusion that ETS causes cancer was based on politics not science. Steve Parrish of PM is quoted. 7/ 1/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco Advertising Public service announcements will begin to help black smokers - who are a major target for tobacco advertising - kick the smoking habit 7/22/93 - GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 7 AM - Secondhand Smoke EPA asks parents not to smoke in their homes and said that children and nonsmokers should be protected from smoke in public places and on the job. EPA estimates that up to 1 million children suffer asthma attacks because of ETS. 7/25/93 - THIS WEEK WTI'H DAVID BRINKLEY -_- Smoking Ban Mayor Riordan of L.A. is questioned about the total ban on smoking in L.A. He says it could put the city at a competitive disadvantage versus neighboring areas that are less stringent about smoking. 8/19/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco and Disease The CDC reports that smoking increases a person's risk for getting myeloid leukemia.

9/2/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7PM - FET Brief mention about possibility that ""sin taxes" on tobacco and liquor will help pay for health care reform. 9/21/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - FET The Clinton Administration daims that new taxes on tobacco and alcohol will raise $105 billion in new revenues. It is reported that the Clinton plan should include not only an increased FET on tobacco, but an anti-smoking advertising campaign (as in California) if the goal is to get people to stop smoking cigarettes. 9/23/93 - NIGHI'LIlVE SPECIAL EDITION -10 PM - FET Pres. Clinton (guest on the show) defends FET as a means to fund health care reform. He wants to avoid a broad tax on everyone. However, since "there is some risk at any level [to smoking] ... it imposes an enormous cost on the health care system which the rest of us have to pay. So, it seemed to me that that was a fair way to get some money." (Note, Clinton speculates that the FET on cigarettes would be a little under a dollar.") 10/11/93 - ABC WORLD NEWS THIS MORNING - 5:57 AM - Tobacco Advertising , Baseball teams (Royals and Mariners) are eliminating the MARLBORO MAN from biliboards inside stadiums. Seventeen ballparks have already banned smoking in the stands. A King County (Seattle) official says, "For too long cigarette companies have been saying 'in your face' and having this ad up thhere; it's very offensive to people." 11 / 1/93 - THE HOME SHOW -11 AM - Tobacco Advertising Program focuses on IMPACT and its campaign to stop tobacco companies from marketing "their deadly products to children." Joe Camel and the MARLBORO MAN are intended to appeal to children. The MARLBORO MAN is a hero figure "that young people strive for." The tobacco cornpanies target children to replace smokers who quit or die. Tobacco companies se11947 nnillion packs of cigarettes to U.S. teens every year. A 15-year-old anti-smoker points out that tobacco advertisers apparently violate their own voluntary restrictions about not using youthful models, healthy models, models who make smoking look like a healthy habit and models depicted as participating in strenuous physical activities. She shows a copy of Staorts uiustrated ror Kids with a photo showing a racing car bearing the Marlboro insignia, and says this is one way tobacco companies using promotions to get around their self-imposed rules against advertising in youth publications. Tom Lauria of the TI denies the industry is violating its own rules to appeal to youth. Teen smoking is at an all time low and tobacco ads don't increase market share; they promote brand switching. Lauria points out that in foreign countries where cigarette ads are banned there has been no corresponding

decrease in the incidence of youth smoking. Since 1986, he ads, the tobacco industry has been publishing information to help parents deal with youth smoking. Program doses with 15-year-old activist saying that we "need to stop the problem before it starts, and banning things like Joe Camel ... would do that." 11 / 10f 93 - ABC World News Tonight - 6:30-7 PM - Tobacco and Health According to the AMA, tobacco was the biggest underlying cause of death in 1990, responsible for 400,000 deaths. The notion that tobacco is deadly is catching on in "tobacco country." Some North Carolina localities are introducing smoking restrictions in public places. 11/22/93 - DAY ONE - 8:30 PM - Nicotine Poisoning Tobacco farming has changed little in over a century and in the Fall, nearly 500,000 workers will begin to cut the crop. While working in the fields, they will be exposed to nicotine, which is absorbed through the skin. These workers wear no protective clothing, they are not insured, have no workers comp coverage and no union to look out after their interests. Yet, they will get sick from nicotine absorption and "health officials are doing almost nothing to stop it." Program features segment from the emergency room of a small KY hospital where, on one night, eight nicotine poisoning cases are treated. In 1992, the federal government began surveying KY hospitals to determine how widespread the incidence of nicotine poisoning is. Said one doctor. "In a 40 percent solution, it is very potent and it could kill you the same way that a nerve gas could kill you." However, health officials know of no cases of fatal nicotine poisonings. 12/1/93 - GOOD MORNIlNG AMERICA - 7-9 AM - Nicotine Products FDA bans over the counter products to help smokers quit. Dr. Michael Fiore (Dir., Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention) says the FDA action is to be welcomed because now people who want to quit smoking can be steered to products that "we know that work." Also, because these are prescription products, individuals wiil have the benefit of counseling from physicians about how to beat their addiction to smoking. He cites Dr. Koop's statement that cigarettes are as addictive as heroin or cocaine. Program closes with point that a nice holiday gift would be to tell your relatives you've quit smoking. 12/7/93 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - job Cuts RJR announces it will lay off 6,000 jobs; nearly one-tenth of its workforce.

1120/94 - PRIlViE TIlvIE LIVE - 9-10 PM - Tobacco Lobbying Program focuses on all-expense junkets paid for by the tobacco and insurance lobbies that pay -for trips for Senators and Congressmen to resorts. Reporter Mike Wallace makes a point that private guards hired by U.S. Tobacco kept the ABC crew away from the goings on at one resort. U.S. Tobacco declined to be interviewed on camera, but said the trips were charity events. Reporter questioned the charitable nature of the events when one considers that the expense of flying the politicians to distant locales, putting them up in expense hotels and providing their entertainment far exceeds the amount contributed to charity. Such lobbying activity takes place due to a loophole in Congressional lobbying restrictions; a loophole Sen. Lautenberg is trying to dose, so far without success. Cliff Douglas, Advocacy Institute consultant: "There is an inherent conflict of interest in members of Congress being flown to play tennis at luxury resorts by tobacco interests." Douglas is concerned about the cumulative effect of such paid travel on legislators and how they treat tobacco issues. 2/25/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30.7 PM - Nicotine ABC News has uncovered the "long-held secret" that tobacco companies have manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes by adding waste products to cigarette tobacco that are fortified with a nicotine extract. An RJR spokesman denies that his company is manipulating or adding nicotine. "It's a natural component of tobacco, and it's totalliy derived from tobacco." 2/25/94- 20/20 - 10-11PM - Nicotine This is a preview about the forthcoming DAY ONE story. ft shows Rep. Synar saying that tobacco companies are jeopardizing the health of the U:S. public "without having consequence." 2/28/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7 PM - Nicotine The PDA's stated intention to regulate tobacco had consequences on Capitol Hill and Wall Street. On The Hill, members of both Houses are calling for hearings on protecting smokers from addiction. On Wall Street, tobacco stocks fell sharply following the FDA pronouncement. B

2/.28/94 - DAY ONE - 8-9 PM - Nicotine ABC News "uncovers' fact that tobacco companies have secretly been manipulating levels of nicotine in cigarettes. "In reality, cigarettes are a complex, scientifically engineered product about which little is known publicly." RJR pioneered the process by which cigarettes are made more cheaply and the level of nicotine is controlled. One addiction expert said: "A cigarette is essentially the crack cocaine form of nicotine delivery." Program discloses a confidential PM memo that describes a cigarette as "a dispenser of a does unit of nicotine." The cigarette companies apply a powerful tobacco extract containing nicotine and fllavor to reconstituted tobacco. A former RJR manager said the process is engaged in to "keep the consumer happy." Dr. Koop says that if this is true, then cigarette companies are "selling a nicotine dispenser." ABC hired a laboratory to analyze cigarettes to prove that nicotine was indeed being added. However, an RJR scientist denied on camera that nicotine is added. Reporter John Martin says that publidy the companies say they add the nicotine extract solely to add flavor. But an extract industry manager said cigarette makers use the extract to give reconstituted tobacco a"kick" from nicotine. Report cites fact that PM received "thousands of gallons" of mixed, denatured nicotine during the 1980s. Cliff Douglas (American Cancer Society) says the U.S. public doesn't have a due about how nicotine is manipulated by the tobacco manufacturers. According to Rep. Synar (D-Okla.). "They [tobacco companies] can doctor it [their product], they can alter it, they can do anything to it, and they can literally jeopardize the health of the American public without having any consequences." Nicotine is not taken out of cigarettes by tobacco companies because such products would not sell, e.g. PM's '"Next" product was a failure. Report cites FDA letter seeking authority from Congress to regulate tobacco because of its addictive nature. 3/2/94- GOOD MORNING AMERICA - 8:14AM - Youth Smoking/Tobacco Ads Dr. Michael Fiore of the University of Wisconsin, Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, offers parents tips on how to prevent children from smoking. He says that each day, 3,000 youths become addicted to smoking and that most of these youths are under the age of 18. Youths are influenced by tobacco ads, which are directed "specifically" at them. Parents should take this whole issue very seriously, and establish smoke-free homes, work with schools, see to it that tobacco is not sold to minors in their communities, etc. He adds that parents ought to know that kids that develop alcohol and drug addictions first begin with tobacco. Youths who smoke also do poorly in school. He calls for a higher FET to prevent youths from buying cigarettes.

3/7/94 - DAY ONE - 8-9PM - Contents of Cigarettes An earlier ABC report on the manipulation of nicotine by the tobacco industry has prompted calls for hearings, e.g., a House Sub-committee will examine the industry's use of nicotine, and Sen. Ted Kennedy has called on the GAO to investigate the manipulation of nico ~'tute in cigarettes. The tobacco industry is very powerful, so powerful that it has managed to keep the contents of its products a secret ("under lock and key") to all but a few government officials. Rep. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.): "We now know that there are chemicals in tobacco products that are so toxic they wouldn"t be allowed in a landfill under the federal environmental rules." Brennan Dawson of the TI says the contents are a "trade secret" that the industry has a stake in keeping secret. Apparently, there are 700 additives to cigarettes; 13 ingredients cannot be added to food. Two of these ingredients have tipped off the government to the manipulation of nicotine levels in cigarettes by tobacco companies. Reporter John Martin, "The government just didn't do its job." Sen. Kennedy likens the tobacco industry's power and influence to that of the NRA. This powerful lobby has cut off all attempts to regulate it and investigate it. 3/9/94 - NIGHTLINE - 11:30-12 PM - March on Washington The tobacco companies, according to Ted Koppel, are beginning to resemble Japanese soldiers who kept emerging on lone Pacific Islands, long after V-J Day, not realizing that the war was really over. Of course, that war is far from over, but a significant corner has been turned. Since 1964 the tobacco industry has lost lots of ground, e.g., higher FETs, more people quitting, decades of lawsuits, etc. Bill Campbell of PM is interviewed. He says today's fight is not about tobacco companies. "It's about workers and their families and how they have to raise and support those families," he said. Protesters in the recent march on Washington are shown. They say it is unfair to single out a single industry to pay for national health care reform. Steve Parrish of PM is quoted. He says that 2.3 million jobs are generated by the tobacco industry in the U.S. Increasing the FET would have far-reaching effects. With the economy in the state it's in now, he wonders if the nation can afford to throw 275,000 people out of work. "Our economy is based on choice and the free market system ought to be allowed to work," " he said. The journay of the AMA reports that a decline in smoking would not cost jobs, but would move them around. Reporter Chris Bury: "The tobacco workers who came to convince the Capital today know they are in a last gasp fight." Report then switches to the fight to eliminate public smoking. A brief history of an embattled tobacco industry is recounted since 1960s, including the fact that in 1972, the MARLBORO MAN was "booted off" TV and radio. Now, many businesses and restaurants are restricting when and where people can smoke. PM's Parrish: "... I don't think the federal government'ought to be in the business of social engineering and telling ... 50 million people what they can do in terms of making their choices." He adds that the FET is a regressive and unfair tax. Cong. Henry Waxman says he hopes "the American people move to a smoke-free society." Parrish says that in the past few weeks the tobacco industry has been the victim of "unfounded" attacks.

Next, the program shifts to the addiction of tobacco. Nicotine is the reason people smoke. The FDA regulates nicotine patches and gum; why doesn't it regulate cigarettes? Even the industry acknowledges that cigarettes are nicotine delivery systems (e.g., cites PM internal memo on the subject). A former RJR mana er is cited saying that tobacco companies knowingly put nicotine in cigarettes in the ~orm of extract to keep consumers happy. Parrish of PM responds that ABC's contention regarding nicotine manipulation is not true. Nicotine is a naturally occurring substance in tobacco. Nothing is done in the manufacture of cigarettes to increase the level of nicotine beyond what is naturally in tobacco. In fact, the nicotine level in PM's cigarettes is lower than that which is in unprocessed tobacco leaf. ABC's claims are "ludicrous, outrageous." Report closes with Chris Bury saying that no one expects a ban on tobacco sales to be politically possible. However, the FDA's action shows just how far the tables have turned against "the nation's deadliest habit." 3/9/94 - WORLD NEWS TONIGHT - 6:30-7PM - March on Washington The march on Washington ("fairly large") was staged by an industry "fighting a very difficult uphill battle," said anchor Peter Jennings. The rich tobacco industry is reeling from a series of recent shocks, e.g., more bans on public smoking, FDA warning, charges of nicotine manipulation, etc. Matthew Myers (Smoking and Coalition on Health): "They've transformed what was basically an agricultural crop into one of the effective [sic] addiction devices ever created in mankind." Protesters at the rally said it was unfair to target them to pay for health care reform and that increasing the FET would endanger 275,000 jobs. An AMA study says a reduction in smoking won't cost jobs, but would shift them around and increase other agricultural pursuits.