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I'N'1LST7.r;r7lON OF E{E:NDi ri'FHNVIORS I1LiF'ING CIGNE;ET i ESr nh':IiIG WHI'rr -;As AF-FETT TrF: r;ND NiCOTI',NF LiF-LIVt.F:Y S1' drrp _' 4a e' 1 r/ S tG L r1 . F' i-i l. D. Roriaid Drozd.:.,ri,t<._r, F'hr. I1., Curt Lleinsteinp ri.r;.. I'ie_.=c,cer 20> 1982 =:,ubmi1_'+.cr', ±.n, Fr'_n1':. F'_=ri A___ or i ate _nnio r F'rofes= i ore1 F.'e=_e--:rch i_ent.Fr F•, rn. Box 26583'. F'1'criflirrdy Vlir°'lirllc 2','?~.'f'r1 N ,r F~:L. S t1_7~'~`_ . F'r-1- -1 - 8---,

SI_i Ni 3<i AF,' Y 1iTi',Lc ctUr",' Lr_.c 1^orn7lJcted t.o ' cbtc'lr'i T~i uE' =~.F'e.= . C'bt ieCij V,F t~('~iF'~. . .=.=;:Fwr_~ Of. C;..rid ~ --..'A~T'=~S='~ 0~1'~~ C 1 S .5'T"E'tf,E• r1i1'_!7=1=•.rr~ h0:lE'.E r"~Urlnc;: =firOF'-l.rfls ~f~ in order- tr- a:lid in the e4c11Jt1Qfh, of the '_.f 1 cCt nri the Fl:Jtil15i1._•rDi F€'de rc,1l T r:_ dw=' I:r r!f?i l c-1 0rr ':;F TCi telT' c frd' rT1 C'Otl ri6 lIJtT"c, H2ri4' '=0rit._ ct1,5 W 1"f,rt i: riG E'-Ec>rF',f."='f (:.)hicir c,rE' c r/Co9r1?li F._ttA?T'ri, O7f =r:iC'k-@rS) C's:ri pr`cl'IJrF t,-1F 6 1lUf_:iorr f-rr, '1_e = Cf _ CL1=fFt.ter t:i;aJ_ ~r _=11C?li~ cffFc't.lri=: the aRlaUt-it _f. t:ar _:n'ri r,icc•ti~nc• Q~elivwrEd., r15~ _ ;~f'-hnd ~ to ~ -7_ U'J.Is rioTriic l.l'~t. o~cc~U.r r l:rtsi i=::rn=l C'ofit _.Tt.o ~ W l i.h t. j I:r ~ r.- _.. r..~_ -}.il.c•r 1.'lE ~_.i.r-,';lr'_~ C'e.h=~.'S'l._i.r of 1'_ Lra= v1d:_o .=F:t..J i"-1,. _>Tisle=, Three _UJd___ _.._:mirrE"/] cnn0 f ORi = = U C'.. _i.Er ct grJC'jC•C't bLsi_.Iy ti1tT!=•d °rJ';f•f d rJT'?t l'C'riE f rlcrrd t'v ~1 d F_•'rir' _P: C- fl P.lc:.cr.'mGrit... _',wir~c:t.imrrg.. 2rrr-~ /'Ie:ri/7~ O.r''r~.i riJil.l!lJt~lGrr. rio1.'Fe drJ,.r.~_:t'.i,_"ris ~.. The ..nJric;~..,c.. =_:r_'e•re'=_ were c.r-eRritlrrtd into ~~ _ Slr::sle . mFr~a:ri =_QrF,e b-~-IC~_aJs.~e Qf~ E..1S.rlliiir~c-nf_.. -==i.t'_.';'.E• C'O~rrelt.:i:,._OPr=.s between t,ilE•~ Cct.f trYE~ .iild-s~6,.s. T'. l_.':, F: il;il_ _tUR1'" 1rir1C'.JtF•Ss thct ofl the _ --- "1,.11% FFrr_C•'rlt Oif cUff"irr°7 -~' 4 __ =.=.^irJ~. de Jr~E.o of . ra lUt~iori h~r~j'- -'1=r~1.uc.l_7fr b.t-' f.iTiE• rc?rl,jlc~. F~iJr-i..i'-~E.T , _:,:..c~r.n;,i , ru~: 1 _- ._+.F1~ _,: of ._11 ruiff" wF.r.e ccr=1'rJOed =n,nF°=-r•'= were p1acFd ' =, t C i rifjl F'e t: 1 r/I F'.. into Grie nf three c:.TM1nJPV bas~.wd ~ ("i the .. ta.:r' cTiri, rrlcot-.1riF 1E"vCl.ls ' of t,rrCl1' C'r2''PrC.} rrf• L'1°'alrE'ttF•.'. When tt1F1 b F'fla VLr:T'S Of' S:rReve'rSs i~rl t..hE'e three Si:roUF•~s were cr_~.rrir•ar.e:r;, fs lr'nU~F~lrlF~ '. bc<cFd ~ rJ~F--'--'ri rF'diJcE°r~f. low t~.c~r F-~flrT rJ',1t r'o ln~W' ta:r~ rrF:l'1'!.c-..ry'i t..fiFr~F~ were ~ '~fC,Y ff1iGst C. ~7..f the .. r/e:_~Oure~°.) : r-,~.rr'ly r1orr-~s~i.stli'f icent d~i~:f;~f~==1'F:Tl4`E~s. T'f1e.rE: W~Fr'C••. rriE~' t.rB~:rirJ~S ( ~GCi'.L c~Grre l.ir1&.riC'H•'. l.ff•:v'C•~1.) ~~ when S:e;' bW C.1Ic:' -R'r•{'.tE S ~rGJ9F' b rjlnW'r}_: L."E•~5-E- F-E:r~i'O r~rre.di. "uflier1 tc.'ri4ier'~ t 0 cavE•T Gl l i_)t1ir,Tr, fYII p,r'ii S r E• _' t F' 1. f'F'- C~Erltc._.~E- O'~ F~ Ui f~S 't>.h'clri', riif:~ri', r:i~a .6 ~~f •4~-1 / 7. :.E.. S7J.= .-.....,. _.. Yir:.t.f. tLiiE'. ~:+rrll~- - 7- i''~',L,~l~° ~ '~-~, hyT.f . .. . .~....,...~ . . . ..... ,. ... ... ~`~^x , , ~*~?~'rS&r.~~, i

-_ST:_•t.t_F' OrOIJ'If- bV ~ _.._.x d1~'..ffF_•'rerlme.n ~ hihlc~.l/', r.'C'.mj1~Fd thIF. 4i-'07 ~ c'orlf1rJw_'~.ric~F' lev'el! were 1'',or triFe dura'tiorY of cmv Urd EQr,t ar-t with thE' cic~c:re'tt:F OUTi'rrs ~ Fu7 f lr,S"', r:oi *, t.c.For1d1ri=t diTt'er eri_ec for the dilution hole c'o4"E'raSE riE'c._uJrE1 did not Welr'' ctc>t.ls.tiCcl S'1=srliflCc<riCF',.. The fr"l lG'wi',rc_' 'c'='c-rt. dr~.cri Cm lrr r, t:.-~:'1'l the riietiicr=ies cnd r F'S lll l t s '. :YIc Et:uu=iv', Ii1e=c.'r1F't.l , _ =nc, 1'nT "1 c.{"it.l -:i =.tc.t..ist.1C'al cnc:'1.vs-c wE;r.e' ,-pic, [iCvJ orl'e tjiE• Tia•J,o'r t'crl=bl'F's ii0 tI'le . StJ1IT" b'p'_~_.F. _O~.:Jrrs, w i th =_'nvlj: . 1''rY -drJi.t.l c'r" t=cL i l t_, ~J=t ~ Or, ~~c-ri~' y'.,cn+ t P-'tY ~ - - - - ~ ~:c ~ rm= _.rG irt,_lurer, ,..y

jN l F'i)Iji i I'l T I i )rJ A ~ 'c...r 1 r>f_.,_-' of~ ob~ iw?r°t.io.rii=~ i i,=.'J~e r1.eeri fTia9e t.~o~ tf1C' Ruetth6idc:. i-,•..' w~i-r1 Ch 7~'F h...1 - = c1/JcL .c ti-1!E`E t.=-r =.GrJ riiCo?,irt? J^'I1'JEtrv of C'1Sc-rE'.tt,C''c. r"}o'--.tt of t.('iF~_,s . c:r.~ ba~~.c.ed rJpo.rl, i_.fTF~ c'omp1!E..~.1'.nt th,att thF' FTC . method i rjQiE-:c riot , cs6 •=c-~ UctE1" 6iod E•I GilJAi'a Cii s- .(T, o P.l'r, b C•'ii_`slor'c, Orie: ~. of triE?' i'TLLCiian c.fiiok1riJ ber1._ _iie FTC --rrs =1tE•df which is rnot F :_;rt. oi 1n S rood_"ir is the coV+=•r'1rts of f 11tF"r C1=iarc-,ttEz' dQ.1'U::?r ho T t c. b_ f 1 nS E' r c. whl l_' }+J t T' l rl =.,. f-i G 1 E c o,'1'e r o' =` B: R, ci v Pr e V t• rnt c i r f T` of6 7: ].:1 rrS , 'v./ l t!} c Iif hence dllaJll'_ • c. r. . lng + :i,le of sRirJE`? P" _c _c.'lric= ' into _r,Cr.e r, T c-_ce F :«ent that hoie= aT; o biloCE`-;ede l t c.'f 1DV )C; po_ie tM _=_es= +:'rse' effeCt of ti;e ' C. Ior_•E°.cs F- upon FTC f,=_r =.n,j~ riiCotj_rie dsrI i''',V'er'" 'L-w' I!f either t r!!F': h olC"S >~r, e (tC. tt blcF':&d to =' sl'S'n.Ifican'fit rF'cirE?' or the Ct'ifB'Ctt of notTJTFc-1 i=rlciir_-H:.-.c,e UcC~T'r =mn¢<.:E' 7e11VFr" is CRi_11f then the FTC rrU'Ribe r tilcs be t.='V C. fl =_ rE rcicent.=:'t;1V'- of trne rE•a 'I Ilf F rC•I -t1i 'lEe r-6 C'11VOr1,Es o f' ~: f`-•;,e Tlt L.. ='TId '_ o 'f c l s:e r~E't t- t _ , iRrvE•it~is-..t:Or to have nUt•12.Civ re'F,.o.rte'd hl~°~s flrirjl.rt_;Cf orl i iC-i'i E C~ .C=~'~.c~=.=. 2'E L ="rtri I. K oz I7w5F;1 of the ._66 1Ctir_rr, TE:=GE iCii founr:=ti''o'rr in Toromtol. Me report= that :of 46 nc.5iJ smokers =<ds it rovF.>ri.ns ' nnlt=. c,ut that 6 o'f 39 (15 .4I7) E :c t!Jall!-• d ir block r1 o1e_ c'r'-r'Cirrir(_,' to the FW'irc'rrr_F• of rec`l t 1liie obSF-rVE,rS' orrrj filter E"TiCi' c.t..c1.n1n°. F'a,t~terflS. CKo?:1Cnwskl f~ E.tt a:l , f~ ESt l.Ri=-''.tl!'-t5 t1ht'. YiC1~'jto~ S~Ilio~{t.;•T-~cs of Ta r~! N IC0 tin e C<Irir C~2rb.ofr Mo rio;r.l.r~e fr J((1 r~ . t/ / ~f: • L o~w ._ ~ ' r:• ~: ~ t . t l .. F' ~I n.~. ':'en tilate'd Filter Cigarette. B ri±ish J. of rt rr,ictiooT ' v 7 7 +' 1`:'-16M liS'82 ).

a 7ihF. .11 'J6 !y: rc..r`>+rt~_:.d ~ 1rff!Grfli=tjra~i rf ct`'CrJJt tilc Fos 1tlor/ of triE• F icrld5 of SR1nVF•r5 rjlJr 7rr° s='IJfflrlc` of .aric'rJ= t!-. r. es mf c_=:E :ret.t:esr ri'!E: THrfLD jULr_iE•'Ct.c SU!bJeCts R=•crUl tRiFrit e . 1.'7 c.rJj' ±e[~~tc Irc.F~~d ~ lrl t.(i_, ' -~flrJ,j~g", T~~cr'r5x'p~ 1('i c--.- F'~, frQ. Bi 17i~ tC. ~. =-=:r=. lricjU51`:?, IJ,C_ic-•ctE. W=rE• rPC l`/J1'tP'~ ~'~' i~le'W_ Tr' c:rjV."rt.1=~•Rnei ZrrrIo7Jrcer;c.rlt5 P-r'C.t.Prr~=t Z¢•cc~jI st:pr!'S' Srirj t:h:e =totB _roj'je~~F•r rir T r_'rii. rJf`R, (, ` _ SE'ri _''Ti'c': j c.IJ'_?Jt'r-- f e W,cS l Q'! S ..I.=:rr&..+J tn ~.c,Qr~~I . Tire c~J'•:E•~rt'l~C'iii!t•Irit-L°.. =~.riC~ ~:RTir~'r'~nrrrE•rl r-1._ =-.r•°.'`. tP_ ~-f)•/_V;1TiE. (-/s' f Cir~ P .°rt:ir^lr_:rt= iri cr~v Fr~ r,_.i'r1=:' rP- c:ri TirOlJrlr_E.'Rierltc. ~_ r._- lrl!r_''j!LJr!rrl lirl t,rrF: F e r1Ol::. C CrF, le° C'Y the _-rG CL.tclrl F, _C_i:- mti•..,r:. FC;ch _.WbJelct C'jalRter t0: -.R1Qke' _=.F`ec1f1C b rcTYd of c, 1c_~C:,r'E•t:t=•7 E Crr 1r/t.F• ~t;. t 1li_" 1.R:e ~r'~ 'C-O~ S:RiC'F.-:c c~.t i~F•e -_ ~~t~ _ ~rIC'P. ,-E..r~ t•IE.E:.~k-, The rl 1•f- i~r~'. _ . ~< r__'.~c L' =1.1rf 'er•+lC'j 1l.'L c'1_ =' r r1 b r =>riU ::Uc•cS ti c'rr= = rF,f _ rc,rnrE c. t cc•_' ff=•e =-:rir_•r soft. =:LjC'U~t. _ C'.F,nE iJr;1F'~1_i..l C'~ri ~ ,~T-:'LrrF".S _~~IGrr-t. W~i.tii t.,4-'ic_. ' _. i ~r-ic: ~,.niJt. =rfi'~~, 1 _:r!~:~~ =~rrr~ r.'1:=:rE•C~ _~f. . . ilrarlrJ., r_ r- r•.F..r1i-F-1,, • - "~JE<cf_Inr~i irE lre' U`=.e~r1'' for SU'rtJlF•r't c.,QTTev_~rtir~_i 15 ln!C:j!UCiis-r•j in tflE•.. _.,.F >.e(lr..i The Rr~- Jo riti-, of the Fert iciiparits iri the =tur,~-..were frorrr the Ii_urv . Gc.-rinFcticlJt sre_ter Rletros•-•nlitErl ;2ree .. SU!C'Jie:CtS~. W~e~r~e ESSll5~rrr_.'6 tn: Qric-~ n~.7~~ t~firr_~el S~rouJF-c~. rJ~..c~e.rr!r]lirr-_, ~ rJp~rri t.rnF.. Q~~l.°z;.re~tt.E• t~t7ie -~_ r'eF~~Or'tF•~r _~rf:C, V 1riS.i r-~rr_~~iJF~ I. 1rnCI JJr_i.E°d re.niiJC--rj'~ t.;7 T. CL.CC.~.rC:t.tF>,°.:.f~ s~rO:Ur jj j.C'W te~r i~rrd sr~r_,IJf- j''~J1. 1~~.riC~jrJ?iE=:r7''. U.it.~rL ~~ I C'w tz r C'.1.s~~c.re~tt~ec. Th F_'•e s- 'F- E•'C1!f1C- b r%.rrd s c~rlr °U!C.J„'r-i L'T•c•.:-Fr-rc.U,rY". Q•~l' r-`.,F•s~olr~1E'_. 15' 1.rrc~1~JuCic-rl ltr, t.fle~ c'.F•rC^rir~1:1'.. I.irFre .' W~e'rE•'

p: _:S ,. _ u~:s~_~,F..~1'E'~ C.7,b.JF_.{`.# c~~. pc•r. oS'QIJP. Z.c:FT=klri_t..:a,lt' r)ly''1rJ_'rJ' `Li" ce... ":Ir.•E" T=f-e.IJltcs c,Ect I On for c1'ouFp b`„ sex C T`ec{'dew'r'isi _.F'r 'f'ml-- e:tJi?.Je rt rii_I!R hF:r b rF'a k :7c, idr, =.~~~, 1J.t'~Jt:"C~t5. W.~"R~e . C l =c'S lflt°r'J. `c'S Un iJs ~cb lE1 f o iY t.rj e ~ ?[!.1''. y i i 41,1 r ~ c: r=-' _s.'O rl c: 1`f S:J~.~ _ieC't G l dnot s-Rrc&-.e (N = 12) :1) J1 '=iF_Cf Sri:okF'r brc`cCnr or tt-`i=e of 1'J=re'_.,tF' r7Cit, 12'c.tE•r (N ' _ . ( °ci:fiilcc'1 ='rC•bl,efiis , _._., r mror'G t. h_'ri _ , , of rc=t c C~rfi V.'lr~c' Crc'C t.a:'F'G 4Es ;, _ ?.Ost f or s'1Jbj,E'C't used C15",orettF_• hr_ l.jlP; t"!1' = 3), Er+.ui r'riiE•,rtit The eC?aJl'FT[ie'rif't cprr515tt•dof 3 c_,t:s Q?t = Co'IOr vSrtwO' r'eriiGrcr recorder cnd tele'Vbsipn, Rt4nItor. The Coriirrr=rs were > C£.1t'1f+ri~T.rj to obtain 2frOirlt.f side eCir] top ylE•w D'F each suL iu<ct, Two of the C-Erfrv=r.='O- were F1aL4d outs1!JC' the tE•st'2ng room r`onr_ec-lc-d in _E:PEet..er enclosure (frpTrt V2cW) crid 11ghting ?7I'+UT`E' -;tDF- W:E•W)', TiO ==;iIiETTc r"e;coTr_ilrirs ' the side view Wvc c.l _ e.r or. = table 1R tiiF.' 't;e:E, lr"==i roOrit with other , y G_Fs of lclbor2.tort =e4J1-~rriC-rit: 11fiE { _pFE=rE•r.i to be ln teri:; orsrt_• _tor==i°, The top ' c`nr CT,rc •-eW= were Y1 =Ii ti e EUb.Tie'r.T . seated in _ 5~~tatlpn~er•~v arl3ilG•'°-5.. Gfi=:1r~. T('uF•e f~T..orit v2;C•w, of tiPt c u .t'+ j -- ~... c~t~. . . . ~ W,`>s _;rJuJst:b1,Ei, F"r o cc_: r urc_. Te=,ting. When the >r_:rticis=ant _rrived O ~ ~. ~ at NCFa_ Yne/=_,he Wa >= a ~ g~.reF~+F'''~.d ~ bm a rF'rF'f't.i~4nlS:f: orid s~.FC`"~t~E"r in __' ~:R+c-I1' w~iitir~~i ror_Ir1r wr(,.:..r'F _~. c' . •~ . ' ~ cl`;r, w8s Posted wh1CYt rE'G',dv •F'7GC"S'F' rlr f,Joi1 Sri oko HerE'. Thae we'c; r~,-~{'„p _~,,6 r t0' rwdiJcc t,he' poSSli,tilltv that the 'rert ic'1'refit WCrUl'rJ 1E Ciite (?`.~l r

ri rF.ttE•: Off--r_':nnerc'. Ti1E•, rxUc':1ifi.G=:tinric.. C, f the crJb .Je r_t WE'r-E•. TrE^c:sh elCk.er' ~JlJrlrcs the c.E•cc',2Ori. The crJlr F%,~t, =+'UcI lfv,lri--i fOr'nr wc'`_• f111'E•'r I~in ~.t~ tfic.t, t1nrE•. The FarticiFarit w'._<=_s led into S TV vi7wi.ri~~ room where the cSMerS=. wier'e p 051t1,QrrertJ: c51 P rev]:C- IJ51= +De :c_rT1b e r. Tfue Pc.rt:1C1- 8rrt: w=tQlr t.r Wc~~.tC.ir~i TV ~ z~~5 fi~eCne rrG~r'Rrc~lI pe's ~ Slt' (l c, 7ir~1:.•~ rFd~ t-hc~t. -k.nI !C(.k .lr/5''. w'~~ I1QL-1.~'r. Wh lIe wa-t.Cy`!1'rr° TV, The =Uib_i'F'Gmt''t wxz-1=.n t.:P1Ci thmt their re°GQriE;F'cs t.rn IV `J1~•wlrr`'s would be lThOrtlt.OrE"d wiir,lle: ti-ret-.' wE.tCfled TV but rio mFritlGri Wc:c. 7:,_d !G C, f vIri r•:r_, -r«-r-C, r'riSriS. f~0 cUL,._ieCt_ 2-E'.ef CN1Je'c.tler, 5 r't~crrlri~' L:irE•~?r~~'1r15 'rT'1'CrT to thne ^rr a'Iet,lOTi Qf ti`7B t~~.tllrr~ ~. =.c.llOrr, If r=:i~rt~].iT~i~~cln't.s. ==`k;E'~r c.L,n77Jtit tir.a' r';Jrc~oc:,e . =.1~ f_.ile.~~ =.tUr]='v t.rlev . were t~n:lr~ t.f~i'Et: the inv E, =:ti=.~:tc,r=: wF, re i;rtFr -_ .t:_'r in TlV v i e w i n _=: re.c.c,Cr1E.e 5S t0 c:r1V Prt 1=-irl S '. beh_:viors: L:n.j °Hrt cshtTa"-? CGritrarllrrs~ ~ c' bi-i.tt. ('nl;-="rE'.erJ.)~~ crt~r' c~.e-Cliec.~. w=-~c,.. r+0'S].tllo'.ried rreJ."t to the s uL_iect. If the c,~JC_ir_rt. rjll6 r,o7t 1°Ti,1tF t,`'.e r1°~:rettF =-1~itE•~r.. S.F:v.err~Il nrirrUte:sf, cr;ri g-rit:p~r~E-r~ the r'Gr_rfTY 2rrfJ .et.r`rc?~. SvJi ~-rt: lf tnre~' ~i I II~~ c.rrrc, ~<c.r,' w~121F w_;tc'rcw rrr:^ TV. I'f th-a clJb_iect == 7d ri0 ~7 th F PerliriFritF•r I«.Trt t,f-ie rC, GRi =rrrj w_=lt._f~ , c t.n 10 ' nrlrrrJtE,a: rur_. r'e before re--enteriirrs tne rc~r.nr ;-= :no: -=k;ir,s thc• =I .:h ..ie'ct R r.I e s t iorI = aa1 c,,i t ar'.erti_.im5 . e eepe'rir~'i:. 7c-r - rc~r='°~ c, f t?CF:L ~fark~.et. S t Ur.i--~ CJ gJE•.s t~.iC- '~rrrtu8'.Lrr~B.~.)~ I!f th E', srJbJ'e~~Ct~ c,a:.i.r~. !E:c!.' b lJt~. Ol~.r~ rirtt r"irve . cTrti-:. C.1~~s.c:~~.re.tte5~~ with thenr, ~~ the~ e~;,F'e:r1.niE"r(tF•r nr;-:z re~~ civ'c~'.11I.cblie'. cirZ? r-ettes of tneir o'wrr cr_mr. a Fcs.Q''p. Of Uwrir: C-orPletion of cne r_ii=er'ettF th•- e){F"er'l.nrerite'r' w~~.-I:ter' c fE•:w r/r'.2riUtBc t~rlE^rY rf.-E'rrtE•.~r~e r~ trnF- r0 0 nt = rur C+iJie5tlGried the JUbJiE•Ict. tJlrrre O',f trne cUC.JeC:tE were t.Gilr to °r/ir+PF' r' Ga~flE•~rw.i=.~.e~ i.rifl.Welnce.r~d to. 5~ru0k.Lbe~-G,r~ir'' thF'~ ri . ti_E_Cr'iFt.iOrOi. I~f~ i,rrc..-.. :~s;. . . . .- ~. . '.r T~~~..~'

F'- J~_ _:k.E•r th E• E'i!~: Crime 'riter-, "rlo -t! QrJ wcrit nie to SIlioP.E :", t.h E. F':FE'r rn~'.'JitFr r'cc.r:niriredl tCi the c.iJii _iE•C•t by Ec-"'lris ' thc't it W'c;5 haS/hF+r- (t>-ie S,,Ji'-tiec:t's ) choi ce . Af te'r the' Se'e.c.1r_rl E•acr'ic: sut•jrct =_.iJr~er.; a r-eI'e_se fornn (=.ce 'Re'lec:=e,' in the r:rFc_arnr.l}f)' statinE' that their rFaC`tSoris ' WiF?r+3 recorded _,n0 were po'ir the _grE•ed fee b5 the receptilr_ri!i,=:i'1. TflE• C1g21rFt.tF b+Jt.ts . WE•TYe c'o1J).ec'tE•Id,f 1cIC+Ele'r•l usE•r == rieeder to y4-~T°1fv , t~2,F'e of r'is,c<rFt..t F. srtiokwd• Erhr =.to r _ rj . SCorLri:g The _C~_r~ {a• es h"=•rr-' _.cr_rEd by thr*-+:•-JUJ=•es. Each jIJ:r1le V, .i_w«-_•6Vl.r_ji.=,o tai-E.c, ori c:ll siJ.bJc•=tc.. 7("tE• E.Corlri5 Wacs usiJr:lll~" a=c,orripZlSrE,d in t'.flr'E:e~ V'I.t=•w~lri°5~: o~.f~ triee t.2pe~s. f-i11l t.}itP_~ J1Jdge':S. viewed ' t,fYe~ t;--~;F'E•s c -''t: trie. -a70e t.1me' bUt. CO.mRhuri.]..C`c~f_.i= between ,Jil.IrgGs rUrDn~; the c.ICo'rlr-',S' was r'_'iiS.,ro'Ur'?k~Fr.._ Th-'. OU.r~=.iEs We:rE•~ c:j.so : sE•F-ar~c:t',C•rr~ b'" F'2~rtl.t.iorF'=s rjiJ':r~1Ci~l =_corl:ris =_•_sIOris i rr tfie cr6 e'r to h e1Ip _s s ua e inri.e:rerrdemt JuJrs i'nci . 7h e .'1 c;.Mn t ,_ e ~~o..J li _ r1l E:rit , wc.° r~aT-:>±,.F'd _iiJd _1~.2 G:~ ~ C~J~n.rr~.j 1 r, ._.tO.r' r~t''.Ic. _:d . ,oc~tIr,,ric of t.ii&~ t~=F'e~~. c'~t~ the re~_rUcs~.t5'. MuJfLo~rir~e2C~t~l.ori t1fie ~, C8f1r irli~,,.r'oOUCe . _E filO1l'`/~, r_lE•3IYee~ of r~elZt~l.We ~ error W,i`leri e`+E•'rits of brief riJrotlori c::rE• t.irt+w_d. 7!'iErFfor'ef all t'ir/il:riE=., l.nc--re ria.iJe . w.riE':ri~n the V 1 rjP'O toF-£•C~~ WiE':rF 2 ri s1 ow rhrnt I'ar1.~ li ue: e 1 oW~ ffiotPoR[ flio0e' r_r.f the rE•CO.M.E~r Wc~_'.: tec-'.t:E°:~T~...orr three c_i1.ffE'rE.nt. r'il=::"s ~. c:'t~ several t-=<.pe~ F'~Cis-.itl',o~.r5c tie .. rE'Go:rdl..rr5'' = r61i1l1=::E'CoTirj~ t~):OiEa.r~. For~ o~.rYF Cu'Conr lri rE82 tlffiF the V'1d2'o-r'eCC~rdC.i'y in the cllow rtioi'.l:o:ri modF'f hrj a Cif 1'J,.6]~ sE•C~oriris., c~. c:t~c~rnr~r~ Cif'll~ilct.l.riri of'~ .65•~0 8',rirj. er ror of the mean C St c~ilr_i~ci.rC of .1i24. ThE'cSE• VcrjUE•E lrnr_1Ude rc•c-Ct1Cri tlr<i1

~F=I T.1!lr!c, cri"c'I~c15> WouJli6 be E•;.f'E.r_ter i:,C FiiOrpJC-e ='_''cw nrot.lcirn L: rralty =•.is. E_ch J rJC_;e '_ t.4ri c'e i:;iie r-, rrCj r n7 t i rtiiri~. ~. we rre m='tih eniat i cE 11: V . c;_rVerter~ ir,to' rez:.l tirie fc, :r =t-':tisi.;icZ l -rr, _ I"S :iE: . F'Uf?'Q+Jr~-'t1.Ori crlrj' h'crhdl fFos-..1.t1.orr C-r..I~.e'S. We rFr rJie.t+=rRrTreu] 1'rr t-e.. fl r=.t t;•iem Wi rr s o f th e t•cF'e5. r F Ui'f wc:g rE'f lrr="d €:ri 1rtc rE•;-~ c.e '!'rr t,irF _ it: 1ri+.eriSlt- of the CGrzi1E. o#' _ c1=•:.-'S-C•t:tE• F~I.=Ced lrr the RroUti:r. I'i =e 'CQ rrCi V1F"wlri~'+ 'i1_-~rrJE. nri cic.cre i:.te' t:ifilrr~J- t-!ti.'T•e Ce t errii'rir-r~ c'riCj =~refAl~.rrc-r`_-'r l.rrr77~C~.c:t;.lG:rrrf~ 8rid' s ~ G1 ri CiiliJt.lC, :ri,r i;i, .l'; F:E:.' We~T`e~ I'ifj 'e, !'...i'le.~ firie 1 v ie wir:'-6 b1za:.cs rJ,c.E•r to . "!'e:rlt'v. 'ricrir" =':ri rj''11.rJt..1,of1 hole' C.orJlrit' c-rr+_ cI',cr to uet•_-rminve the ~iur;F#-ir_rr of ~r r i rr~ t iire: 'h'--__...=^rlrr5.~ 6 i~IUt:.ic,rr n . l Fi dFSCri=t'inlri of rr rrp~ =osit,li Tr r_Cr~~JeS 151 lrir_'lUr~ed '_ri t1-re ''Det- EtEr-y'uJc't.iiorrr' =,Fr__tics n. Three ccrrere vie'ws of ea-ch subject were recrrr;e r; fcr =. cc, rim=-l, f-_n+.:. t,np _:rnr sidF. US u _li~ th e frrnt ;i,ew w_>°w uic:-~ er t .r_' Tet_•rrin_- u '.'f~ dU.i ='t iQ~ri. 'ii_~~.rr Q:ru" C.prJlrr-i~ =:riir~ ori' t_1.r(iid rrE~=. Tfie ~ t c: .'.] . U~_.E•Q . : 1'~.rr fuCISt~ Cc=Er~cS tf?, :~E•.t~e~rr0lrre f~lri-~c_-r~ P'n5?. itiolf-iiris. w'riile tnc- =i iir~~ t:r, 'c:•t i_'.r~rfirrF~ t~1rr.~r~ f-,~rilrr=: lri t(l~«_° r%~~fttc.~'lrrrjr r,ff t', riiQ^iE .'1,.1c, ri o f~ 'Flrr°':e~~r. _=E: itlo rllCi=i. Wfli='rF' CC~J•. '.iE'.-s.i:rt•.mr_':ri't;s - f,c:E'.'~5:'rt 6Ir-eC.tlv" f_r~6fli t~i'rE'•e tF:i~B.Wlsi.ori =_.c'.rr_eri F/rlIC.%'ii W~E•r-~ ..=-1i,hC•7fi-:tLC':c11=' cJ,JID'Sterjl ttn rrr'rEc:F,Grr'rj fr Tc'cl Q'1ettE' F'2rc'fiEtere: =<rrr]/~Cr L',,~.~ f(io r1~E•I1r15' °~1r/ifJ.I.=t,l~~O:rn51 rJr) fre w1~t~L1 tf(C- c=f'F~rC-Yr~lct~e' C1~ic•Ir'ett£•.c jl~~;-n t:a ; R. ,«_•rlaJci, 1~.C, rr TYlfo ll'O'w_ rE,-' ra t•= reriU'C't1Gri5 W•'rF rlncrjc; G7h E.cCh s UC, jc_-.r_t: 1 ) the tc't~-I r+tJmber of' Pvffs 2) ti rt: tOt_c I rr+JrrnbeT' Qf FUY'f Sl l rt, wr7 Cti r t l r!i 1 rissr_•07J 1 r C,E• hV?riE> i

P.:_;e ~ 3) the tc-t~>1 Puff rur_tio,ri~ 4) the totc'l t2nie ' the iiCrlrts were ori thke cls-arette rurlriEi the FUTf 5)' the t:oT.E]l time the Giarfi!rs were on dI11lJt1Or1 hQ1ES, rlJrTriai, tJ`tB -•uff f•l trle rili-mbFr 07 F-lJffs. lrr LJi.'/ic'f'li the h,riy]s cO;WerEIdrjl'lUt3Q:ri holes =: t s orx e t i m p %, a: tc'11v of hcnd= r_rn i'OC:rett.e bert?Vior for ec::Q•h r_f 6 =LtesoriF.=_, Q- H'_ric,5 rint ori r'.i-,c:'rF:tt,F c.tt c~rr_' ti.rtie ru.lrlrrq- the WVff 1 - Hand's on _i=_:_T_•tt.F on1v a>t the r*_JimniM of the Puff _- fland= on ci=:._:r_•tt:e cwilv at en"Tof Puff _. - f5?rtd.s . ori ri._aIrFtt..B. =.tt b_°.1nniri5 cIr1d E°nd , of ~-Uff (:_'2 dasc.r=tFcQ f i t c`r_ ts), 4- F-farir_ c-ru ci~.~aret.t:e dUriris entire F- wff laF" - c'odiB s'1 VCCi Pri adr1 t.i cnn to c;bCrWe cnr1e5 f' UE F,rj when _ipJrj~:F' U25 riot r_Qrif Tr_'c'rit 4,1Ltfi i?i1s od 2rlcc dr_'r1T- iQri (ClJeStioric:b 1!F F:'W'' f ) I ~.,.f . . . .. ._ . . , : ,.. . . ., . ,