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PHILIP MORRIS, USA RICHMOND, VIRGINIA THIS REPORT IS CONFIDENTIAL TO THE BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY:IT SHOULD BP- f~~~ CAREFULLY HAN!DLED, AND IS NOT TO BE PHOTOCOPIED. lf the report has served its purpose and iss no longer needed, please d'estroy, it. Thank you. INTERNAL REPORTS ISSUED BY THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT PERIOD COVERED: DECEMBER 15, 1989 - FEBRUARY 28, 1990 Volume 6, Issue 1 ACC NO . IR89-060 AUTHOR . Majewski, T E TITLE . Binders, Foaming Agents, and Physical Measurements for Foams Used in the Foam Bonded Ends Project DATE . December 20, 1989 PROJ NO : 1811 ABSTRACT: As basic research and in support of the Foam Bonded Ends project, a simple test was developed to determine the stability of foams produced from water soluble polymers and foaming materials. The test allows the comparison of foam stability with time of different binders and ratios of binder and foaming agent. The data obtained in the laboratory correlated well with data obtained on the Molins foamer. A mixture of NaCMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and licorice was found to produce an ideal foam for the process and upon breaking produce the binding necessary to achieve the desired loose ends reduction. Corn syrup, polydextrose and dextran were found to produce good foams with licorice in the laboratory. However, since NaCMC and licorice were inexpensive, readily available and gave good subjectives, no extensive work was carried out on the Molins equipment. Adjusting the pH of polydextrose solutions before foaming produced a faster breaking foam than the unadjusted polydextrose. This would allow a more concentrated foam to be made with the same foam stability as the foam from unadjusted polydextrose. Yucca foam was investigated as an alternative for licorice and found to produce a more stable foam at the same concentrations of binder and foaming agent. ACC NO : IR89-058 AUTHOR : Watson, D C; Ingraham, D; Esperdy, R; Pierotti, J TITLE : Gas Chromatographic Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco Strip, Stem and Filler DATE : December, 1989 PROJ NO : 6505 iz

, , t :a L~ f ~3 . . . .. . ....... ..... _.__... _... ~.r.,._. .ra~..S :;:£t>t:..J....._...:+..~..a~~ __., ~J,....,.L,~....2 ABSTRACT: A procedure has been developed for the quantitative determination of nicotine in tobacco strip, stem and filler. This study was prompted by the need for an analytical procedure that was specific and sensitive for nicotine to levels of only a few hundredths of a percent in tobacco and that could be applied in tracking nicotine content following various processing steps. Analysis is based on the extraction of nicotine with methanol after treatment of the sample with aqueous ammonia. Nicotine content is determined by capillary column gas chromatography using an internal standard to correct for injection variation and with flame ionization as the detection means. Alternatively, application of a nitrogen selective detector provides increased sensitivity for the determination of nicotine. The method developed'has been shown to give results comparable to those techniques that employ more rigorous isolation of nicotine, with methodology that utilizes mild extraction/visualization of nicotine and with methods that are more routinely used, but which are not as specific. The procedure is sensitive, precise and accurate to the degree of completeness for the practical extraction of nicotine from tobacco. It has been shown to have application in the analysis of tobacco and tobacco products in Research, Qality Assurance and Process Monitoring environments. The method, contained in the Analytical Research Division Methods Manual, Method No. E-86A, is attached as an Appendix. ACC NO : IR89-059 AUTHOR : Jeltema, M A; Tindall, J E; Southwick, E W TITLE : Application of Sensory Science with the Tobacco Industry - Technical and Professional Adaptations DATE : December 20, 1989 ABSTRACT: _ Sensory testing of cigarette smoke presents some unique problems to the sensory specialist. This is due to a variety of reasons including the high degree of similarity between blended cigarettes and a high degree of variability between individual cigarettes. In the cigarette industry, a large effort has been placed on adapting and developing new methods of collecting and analyzing sensory data on both flavorants and cigarette smoke. These methods include odor profiling and multidimensional scaling based on attributes and acceptability scales. In addition, extensive event dimensions to smoking and the types of changes that could effect consumer acceptance or purchase behavior. ACC NO : IR90-001 AUTHOR : Various TITLE : Monthly Progress Reports, Period Covered December 1-31, 1989 DATE : January 15, 1990 STATUS : Restricted PROJ NO : Various ~ ~ N W W W CJ 0 W

ACC NO . AUTHOR . TITLE DATE PROJ NO : IR90-002 Vinson, L B Project Tolstoy January 15, 1990~ 4022 ABSTRACT: The objective of Project Tolstoy was to develop a ultra recessed cigarette for the Pan-asian market. This development program was conducted in two phases: (1) to optimize the physical parameters of the Russian style cigarettes and design a prototype which can be machine manufactured, and (2) to develop a product which would be subjectively acceptable to the Hong Kong market and compete favorably with Kent. A prototype was selected to be monadically concept tested in Taiwan and Hong Kong. However, Hong, Kong management opted not to test. It was also determined that the short high density rod of the Tolstoy cigarette yielded a cooler exit smoke temperature than the normal conventional cigarette i.e. Kent from the Hong. Kong market. This product is currently a shelf item. ACC NO . IR90-003 AUTHOR . Lehman, R M TITLE . The Evaluation of Individual Ageless Sachets for Cigarette Beetle Control in Export Cut Filler Packages DATE . January 25, 1990 PROJ NO : 1101 ABSTRACT: Cigarette beetles (CB) die from suffocation at oxygen concentrations of <1%. Ageless is am iron oxide oxygen absorber. The ability of one Ageless sachet to absorb oxygen from an export cut filler (ECF) package and therefore kill CBs was evaluated. One Ageless sachet in a sealed glass-jar killed all CBs in 5 days. However, when tested in ECF packages at 22 degrees and 27 degrees C one Ageless sachet failed to increase CB mortality. ACC NO : IR90-00'4 AUTHOR : Ryan, L TITLE : The Cut Filler Production Process as a Means to Obtaining Phytosanitary Certification, and Insect-Free Product for Export DATE : January 25, 1990 PROJ NO : "1101 ABSTRACT: Phytosanitary certificates (phyto) are required for export cut filler (ECF) by many of the importing countries. Presently, phytos are obtained by fumigating ECF with methyl bromide. Export blended strip also requires a phyto which is obtained by vacuum.steam conditioning (conditioning) in non-probe units. This non-probe cycle requires a 60-minute run time compared to 30 minutes for th+ flue-cured cycle in a probe-equipped unit. Both cycles kill all CBs as does drying in an ADT drier. The procedures for evaluation of CB kill during conditioning were shown to fairly simulate actual tobacco conditions. We recommend primary conditioning as an alternative to methyl bromide to obtain phytos for ECF. The ECF will enter the silo CB-free and will require protection until bagged. -3-

ACC NO . PR90-005 AUTHOR : Baldwin, S TITLE : A Statistically Designed Experiment to Quantify Paper Parameters Affecting Sidestream Smoke - A Collaborative Research Project with Kimberly-Clark DATE : January 23, 1990 PROJ NO : 2525 ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to learn more about the effect of cigarette wrapper variables on sidestream smoke production. The variables investigated were paper porosity, calcium carbonate surface area, and potassium succinate level. Three levels of each variable were investigated A total of eighteen handsheets were prepared to specification by Kimberly-Clark. Hand-made cigarettes were prepared and singl!e-port visibility data were generated. Kimberly-Clark determined total particulate matter on cigarettes they prepared from duplicate papers. Visibility data and Particulate matter data were subjected to multiple regression analysis against the three independent variables. The results of the regression analyses showed that the calcium carbonate surface area had very little effect on sidestream visibility. There was some surface area effect on sidestream total particulate matter, but this effect was small. A synergistic effect between surface area and porosity was observed. For both measures of sidestream smoke, however. the porosity and potassiumisuccinate level were the dominant factors in sidestream smoke reduction. The relative contribution of each variable to sidestream smoke production was quantified and variable interactions were identified. ACC NO : IR90-006 AUTHOR : Laffoon, S W; Mait, B S TITLE : CI Report DATE : January 31, 1990 STATUS : Restricted ACC NO : IR90-00? AUTHOR : Paine, J B; Howe, C R TITLE . The Removal of Nicotine from Aqueous Solutions by Montmorillonite Clays. A Study of the Stability of the clay to Repeated Use DATE : January 26, 1990 PROJ NO : 2500 ABSTRACT: A montmorillonite-type clay has been found to be stable to repeated use in the absorption and desorption of nicotine from a dilute aqueous solution. A sample was found to have undiminished capacity for nicotine after twenty-five cycles of use. The profile of the removal of nicotine from the clay by dilute sulfuric acid was studied in some detail, to aid in process planning. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACC NO . IR90-008' AUTHOR . TITLE . Various Monthly Progress Report - Period Covered January 1-31, 1990 DATE . February 15, 1990 STATUS . PROJ NO : ACC NO : Restricted Various IR90-009 AUTHOR : Lipscomb, J'A; Parrish, M E' TITLE : Mainstream and Sidestream Methanol Deliveries in Cigarette Smoke DATE . February, 1990 PROJ NO : 6502 ABSTRACT: A method using tunable diode laser (TDL) spectroscopy was developed for the measurement of MS and SS methanol in cigarette smoke. MS/SS methanol deliveries are reported for the following reference cigarettes: FTR C20 and C50 and Kentucky Reference 2R1, 2R1F, and 1R4F. The MS deliveries ranged from 90 pg/cigt (C50 with 50% filter ventilation) to 320 ug/cigt (2R1F with filter and no ventilation). The SS methanol deliveries ranged from 1.84 mg/cigt (C50) to 1.94 mg/cigt (2R1),. The SS deliveries were very consistent considering that the three Kentucky Reference cigarettes were made in the U.S. and the C20 and C50 cigarettes were made at FTR in Europe. SS/MS ratios ranged f rom 6(2R1F) to 20 (C50). The MS/SS methanol deliveries were determined for the 10 single blend component cigarettes made in 1988. The MS methanol deliveries ranged from 75 ug/cigt (RCB) to 325 ug/cigt (DBC Bright) and the SS methanol deliveries ranged fromA.81 mg/cigt (RCB) to 2.22 mg/cigt (DBC Bright). The SS methanol deliveries for the natural tobaccos DBC Bright, MT Oriental, and DBC Burley were 3.0, 2.7, and 1.7 mg/gram, respectively. This trend in SS methanol deliveries is similar to the trend reported for the degree of pectin esterification which was: Bright > Oriental > Burley. The method was used to evaluate the cigarette models from the Low Density Rod program. A clear relationship was observed between the models with added pectin having higher MS and SS methanol deliveries relative to the control cigarettes. ACC NO . IR90-0'10' AUTHOR . Mait, B S TITLE . Philip Morris USA Brands History DATE . February 15, 1990 STATUS . Restricted' PROJ NO : 8'1'01, ACC NO : IR90-011 AUTHOR : Watson, D R TITLE : Physical Parameters of Domestic Cigarette Brands: Cigarette Firmness, Cylinder Volume, Ventilation Characteristics and Coal Removal DATE : February 15, 1990 STATUS : Restricted PROJ NO : 8101 -5-

ACC NO : IR90-012 AUTHOR : Hicks-White, G; Randolph, H R TITLE : A Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Total Ammonia in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke for Cigarettes DATE' : February, 1990 PROJ NO : 6502 ABSTRACT: A procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of mainstream (MS) and'sidestream (SS) total ammonia in cigarette smoke. Total ammonia is defined'as the combined total of the ammonium ion (NH+4) and ammonia gas (NH3) concentrations. A single cigarette was smoked per determination using a single port smoking machine. The major portion of the smoke sample was trapped in a glass-fritted vessel containing dilute hydrochloric acid solution. An ion chromatographic (IC) procedure was used which provided specificity and sensitivity for the determination of ammonium ion in smoke. The procedure was used to support several studies including ammonia deliveries of Low Density Rod and ART cigarettes. The ammonia delivery findings of cigarettes with Mg(OH)2 papers and other studies are included in this report. N C7 N Ca C Ca GD W O ~ 110 ;2.

This is a listing of Internal Reports issued by ME CENTIRAL FILE of the Research and Development Department of Philip Nbrris, USA for the period Deoarber 150 1989 through February 28, 1990. The listing shows pertinent data on each report. If you want the cotrplete c]ocument, circle the document accession number (ACC NO) on the request foun and complete the form. The Central File will mail you a copy of the document within one working day of receipt. Any questions should be directed to Central File at extension 2161 or 5248. Please circulate this Internal Report Listing to your non-supervisory staff within~the Research & Develogrent Department. RM(XXST EXEM DCGQNFNP AOMMICN N[1EE12 (= NO) (Circle those for which vou wish to receive the entire dbcument). IR89-058 IlZ90-003 IR90-008 IR89-059 IR90-004 IR90-009 IR89-060 IR90-005 IR90-010 IR90-001 IR90-006 IR90-O11 IR90-002 IR90-007 IR90-012 Dg1tYE IOCTiT]VQT TFPALM4= OF NOT RM) marMcnsr. Q3T OOfPM, ECIID IN M,iF, Sr14P7E/'FAF'Lr 1)M MIh. This is a listing of Internal Peports issued by THE CENIRAL FIIE of the Research and Develogrent Department of Philip Morris, USA for the period Decamber 15, 1989' through February 28, 1990. The listing shows pertinent data on each report. If you want the carplete docuTent, circle the document accession nu*er (ACC ND) on the request foan and cocqDlete the fonn. 7he Central File will nail you a copy of the document within one working day of receipt. Any questions should be directed to Central File at extension 5248 or 2161. Please circulate this Internal Report Listing to your non-supervisory staff within the Research & Development Departnent. DOQ1rMTr AOOES SICN N[k43M RaMESZFLM = ND) (Circle those for which vou wish to receive the entire ebciarent). IR89-058 IZ90-003 IR90-008 IR89-059 IR90-004 IR90-009 IR89-060 IR90-005 IR90-010 ~ IEt90-001 IR90-006 IR90-011 © IR90-002 IR90-007 IR90-012 N W C W ts',!s IACAMN Cj 0 DFPAiMENP (IF NOT R&D) Go Tw rEPr'*m NE14 M12 CQ7P QOtPCN, EC: ffD IIJ FIl4iF, S MPIE/TAP'E l)UII MAII,.

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