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CHARGE NUMBER: 1600 PROJECT TITLE: Smoker Psychology PERIOD COVERED: July 1 - 31, 1981 PROJECT LEADER: W. L. Dunn DATE OF REPORT: August 10, 1981 c I c r C I c Acceptability and Firmness. (Frank Ryan) R&D smokers are rating 13 different cigarettes on an acceptability scale. The cigarettes differ only in firm- ness and weight, with compacimetric firmness scores of 37.8, 37.5, 35.5, 31.9, 31.5, 29.5, 29.0, 27.5,24.0, 23.8, 21.9, 20.9'and 20.5. The acceptability scale ranges from terrible to excellent with 7 other adjectives or phrases in between: bad, poor, marginal-but not acceptable, marginal- barely acceptable, acceptable, good, and very good. Five samples of each cigarette are presented in random order, so that 65 ratings are made in about 20 minutes. Eight people had rated the cigarettes as of 7 August, and although it is too soon to make statements about the firmness which will eventually get the highest mean rating,, we can see that: (1) the subjects are able to make distinctions between cigarettes, (2) they assign their ratings systematically, and in conformity to such expressed beliefs as "the firmer, the better:, "I like them soft, but not mushy", (3) the form of the resulting accept- ability vs. firmness plot will depend in part on the balance of soft- or firm-likers in the sample, so that it may make sense to construct two different curves instead of combining the data. The Inhalation Monitoring Program (Jan Jones) Computer Programming Frank Ryan has provided the additional software to give us data output on a subject's respiration patterns,, which can be compared with the smoke-laden inhalations. For the two subjects studied thus far we find that the smoke-laden inhalation is of greater volume and is held longer prior to exhalation than the typical breath. The more shallow inhaler inspired 132% greater volume when smoking his usual brand'and retained this smoke-laden inhalation 864% longer than his normal breath; the second sub- ject inhaled 190% greater volume when smoking and held the in- halation 273% longer.

Charge Number 1600 -2- August 10, 1981 Several program modifications now enable us to measure two additional parameters of the smoke-laden inhalation curve - area under the curve andlmean expiratory flow. We are able to reproduce the typical inhalation curve that a subject demonstrates for each type of cigarette smoked. A Stud of Chan es in Smoke Inhalation Patterns as a Function o Changes in Nicotine elivery Data from the first two subjects to complete the inhalation study suggest that smoke-laden inhalation behavior is modifiable, and is altered as a function of two factors: nicotine delivery and cigarette acceptability. Aversiveness of the cigarette appears to be an extraneous variable which may or may not override the in- fluence of changes in nicotine delivery. Future research will eliminate the acceptability component by pilot testing experimental cigarettes on this dimension prior to introducing them into the study. The Effects of Ci arette Smokin on Brainstem Auditor Evoked Potenia s (Frank Gu otta We have justlcompleted running subjects, and data analyses are currently under way. A memo describing the results will be written in the near future. Duration of Effect Study (Frank Gullotta) This study is well under way and should be completed in October or November. Perce tion and Pattern Reversal Evoked Potentials: Smokin E ects ran u otta) We are currently gathering pilot data on four subjects, employing a signal detection task. In this study, we are interested in whether a subject's perception of the cigarette that has been smoked affects the PREP, independent of nicotine delivery. StudZ of Psychosocial Factors Influencin Smokin Behavior an ra ) Presently we are working on entering the data in the computer to perform additional analyses. The next question we will ask of the data is whether there are psychosocial variables that discriminate between the high and low delivery smokers. StudZ of the Perce tion of the Social Desirabilit of Smoking an ra Dunn) We have begun a study to measure the image of cigarette smoking. The dimensions of a person's image of cigarette

Charge Number 1600 -3- August 10, 1981 I i r. E smoking that are being measured'include: attractiveness, sociability, socio-economic status, personal character, health status, self-control, and desirability. The instrument chosen to elicit a person's image of cigarette smoking, the Adjective Check List, has been ad- ministered to a sample of 120 people. The data have been collected and scoring is in process. Differences in Nicotine Intake Between Hi h and Low Delivery Smo ers (S. Dunn) In collaboration with Dr. R. Fagan,., we are doing a butt analysis for differences in nicotine intake between twenty of the high delivery smokers and twenty of the low delivery smokers who were participants in the Psychosocial Project. We have contacted the participants and we are in the process of collecting the cigarette butts. Influence of Situational Events on Smoking Behavior (Sandra Dunn) We are working on a study to determine whether there are differences'among smokers in responsiveness to situational events to motivate smoking. In collaboration with Dr. Frank Gullotta, we plan to study the smoking patterns of a group of subjects who show differences in their electroencephalographic response to cigare•tte smoking after smoke deprivation. We have designed a log that these subjects will use to record the event, emotion, time, place and activity each time they light a cigarette. Data collection will begin this month. Consultant Search (Sandra Dunn) We are currently working on building portfolios of perspective candidates for the position of program consultant. A recommend- ation will be made this month. /iw