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EVALUATION OF DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION AND CONVENTIONAL VARIABLE AIR VOLUME SYSTEMS FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRESS REPORT November 16, 1992 - February 15, 1993 for Philip Morris USA March 4, 1993 ~ ~ Indoor Environment Program N OA College of Architecture and Urban Studies ~ Virginia Tech, Blacksburg ~ ~. O

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............... i 1= GENERAL TASKS .................................. 2 TASK 1 CONSTRUCTION OF RDF II ............ 2 TASK 3 PROGRESS REPORTS ................ 5 TASK 4 PUBLICATIONS ...................... 5 PHYSICAL SYSTEMS TASKS .......................... 6 TASK 1 PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT ............... . ... . . . . 6 TASK 2 DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ......... 6 TASK 3 MODELING OF SYSTEMS ......................... 6 TASK 4 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL ........ 7 TASK 5 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT ........................ 11 TASK 6 TESTING AT RICHMOND .......................... 12 TASK 7 ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION ................... ........ 12 TABLE 1 Measurements and Instrumentation ................... 13 APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Minutes of the January 29, 1993 Science Advisory Committee Meeting .............................. Rational Building Performance and Prescriptive Criteria for Improved Indoor Environmental Quality ................ Modeling the Thermal and Indoor Air Quality Performance of Vertical Displacement Ventilation Systems .......... Al Bi C1 APPENDIX D Evaluation of a Vertical Displacement Ventilation System ... D1 i

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Duct work and access parts for the HVAC system ......... 4

Pro9ram Report Evaluation of Ventilation Systems February 15, 1993 INTRODUCTION During the period from November 15, 1992 to February 15, 1993, construction of Phase II of the Research and Demonstration Facility (RDF II) was 80% completed. The mechanical systems are now being installed. Development of the modeling of the systems has further progressed and papers on the performance criteria and the model methodology have been submitted to an International Conference. During this period tests were also carried out at the test facility of Philip Morris' Research Center in Richmond. A paper presenting the results from these tests has also been submitted. Data obtained from these tests have also been used to verify the proposed model. Experience from these tests and extensive use of the instrumentation will enabled development of a detailed protocol and quality assurance procedures. This progress report follows the tasks outlined in the proposal (submitted 9 October). The work accomplished within each task and the activities planned for the next period have been described. Papers written during this period are included in the appendices, and are referred to in this report whenever progress under specific tasks is aptly described therein.

Progress Report Evaluation of Ventilation Systems February 15, 1993 GENERAL TASKS TASK 1 CONSTRUCTION OF RDF II On November 19, 1992, a meeting was held to discuss the constnuction schedule, prepared using the Critical Path Method: Participating in the meeting were Danny Lowder (PM), Julie Seelen (IEP), Paul LeRoy (Breakell), Steve Warren (VA Tech), and Jack Davis (VA Tech). The proposed schedule already reflected a time extension of two weeks, which was granted to the contractor because the date of the Notice to Proceed and the start date were too close, as discussed in the previous progress report. The anticipated date of substantial completion is March 9, 1993. The approach to construction was to place the roof as early as possible and make the building watertight. This would enable activitities to proceed inside during most of the winter, e.g. pouring the slab on grade. All participants at the meeting agreed that the key to completing the project on schedule are favorable weather, timely approval of shop-drawings, and timely acquisition of owner furnished products. The contractor has a submittal log for all shop drawings depicting dates by which approval should be obtained so as not to impact the schedule. The contractor also notifies the owner of critical dates. The weather in November and December was not very favorable for construction and the lifting and placement of the space frame into position was delayed by three weeks. The weather in January was cooperative and working with double crews brought construction back on schedule. At this time, the building is watertight and dry-in is expected by the third week of February. All submittals have been approved and most materials and equipment have been received. Owner furnished items are on order. Coordination with Johnson Controls, who donated the DDC-system, has not incurred any problems to date. General Tasks 2

Progres. Report Evaluation of Ventilation Systans Febnuary 15, 1993 Two change-orders have been issued so far, adding three percent to the cost of construction. The main expense was incurred in the removal and replacement of the existing eiectrical- duct-bank, which was located under Phase II and serves Phase I of the building. A cost credit for rock excavation is expected since the amount of rock encountered was less than that estimated in the contract documents. A pre-commissioning meeting was held January 14, 1993. Participating in this meeting were the contractor, the mechanical and electrical sub-contractors, a representative from Johnson Controls, the engineer, the architect, the owner, and the research team. In this meeting the commissioning procedures were discussed and several issues concerning the mechanical equipment were clarified. One of these issues was the spiral duct work. This duct work is insulated inside and insulation and air flow are separated either by a solid metal lining or a perforated metal lining. Locations where the duct should have solid lining versus the perforated lining were also discussed. It was decided that the duct work for the conventional system should be internally lined as it represents conventional designs in other office buildings. The part of the vertical displacement system that is the same as the conventional system has the same lining as the conventional system, i.e. the return air duct from the room to the air handling unit (0-700 cfm) is perforated', whereas the return air duct from the room (900-1600 cfm) to the fan powered box is solid (see Figure 1). Also, the supply air duct below the flooring has internal lining. Eleven locations for access ports in the ducts have been identified to enable periodic checking of the insulation and interior of the duct work. General Tasks 3

s Al1 HAMOU/G UMi 1 .W AR HMfbtllG IIII 3 rW Figure 1. Duct work and access ports for the HVAC systems. 9100CM94sIzOz

Progres. Report Evaluation of Ventiiation Systaes Febnjary 15, 1993 TASK 2 SCIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEETINGS The Science Advisory Committee met on January 29, 1993. The minutes are included in Appendix A. The next meeting is planned for November 11-12, 1993 in Blacksburg. An informal meeting may take place at the ASHRAE meeting in June 1993 in Denver. TASK 3 PROGRESS REPORTS The next progress report, due 15 March 1993, will include a status report on the construction of RDF Phase II, the results of additional tests in the chamber at Richmond, and baseline data on the two test rooms in RDF. TASK 4 PUBLICATIONS The following papers (Appendices B, C, and D) were submitted for Indoor Air '93, the 6'h International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Modeling the Thermal and Indoor Air Quality Performance of Vertical Displacement Ventilation Systems Evaluation of a Vertical Displacement Ventilation System Rational Building Performance and Prescriptive Criteria for Improved Indoor Environmental Quality

Progns Report Evaluation of Ventilation Systems Febraary 15, ,1993 PHYSICAL SYSTEMS TASKS TASK 1 PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT The protocol for the testing done at the test chamber in Richmond is briefly described in a paper (Appendix D) for Indoor Air'93. Experience from these tests will be the basis for a detailed protocol for the measurements in the Research and Demonstration Facility. TASK 2 DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE CRITERIA A paper is enclosed in Appendix B. The concept described in the paper will be further developed and reviewed by the Science Advisory Committee. TASK 3 MODELING OF SYSTEMS A paper is enclosed in Appendix C. The effect of the wall boundary on the air flow and air quality is presently being studied. Methods of representing the wall effects will be investigated. The model will now be used to predict the parameters for the test room in RDF II. Physica! Systems Tasks

?royre.s Report Evaluation of Ventilation Systems February 15„ 1993 TASK 4 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL 4.1 QA Objectives The objective of the Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QA/QC) program is to guarantee the integrity of the measurement data that is being taken in support of the research protocol. Integrity can be further defined in terms of precision, accuracy, completeness, representativeness and comparability. These terms are defined as: Accuracy - the degree of agreement of a measurement (or an average of measurements of the same thing), X, with an accepted reference or true value, T usually expressed as the difference between the two values, X-T, or the difference as a percentage of the reference or true value, 100 (X-T)IT, and sometimes expressed as a ratio, )UT. Accuracy is a measure of the bias of the system. Precision - a measure of mutual agreement among individual measurements of the same property, usually under prescribed similar conditions. Precision is best expressed in terms of the standard deviation. Completeness - a measure of the amount of valid data obtained from a measurement system compared to the amount that was expected to be obtained under correct normal conditions. Completeness is best expressed as a percentage. Representativeness - expresses the degree to which data accurately and precisely represents a characteristic of a population, parameter variations at a sampling point, a process condition, or an environmental condition. Representativeness is best expressed as a percentage. Physical'Systems Tasks 7