Tobacco Documents Online

Contents :'P ,Ai Does Light Smoking Lead to Higher Consumption? Voluntarf Advertising Restrictions of the German Cigarette Industry Warning Iabels on Cigarette Packs Cigarettes A 11Starter I1rug"? ii17A. ~.tb~sr ~;~•~ ~,~:

Princicle Aonroach of the Cigarette Industry The cigarette industry does not dispute that the statistical ttc+~ -i---- - I _ . . -;irr'~T. r f P - y uring the fifts,es in investigati~~ons which were made rima i l d `°'i~ •' .x;r . .f' V t1. < .•_=;,~:' mo d s ng an isease amounts to several decades. Prof. period between ki d' ~i~.t';~y~d~ ~..~•S !_~• .~•,•~~ 4't7WT( . there is general agreement in the scientific world that the latency Schrdhl from the German Cancer ResearchInstitute in Heidelberg calculates the latency period as from 30 to 40 years. :,:...;_. ..,•..,., ,....n:i.L~ that medical findings discovered today are the result of a cigarette ;,., ."4A_40 consump on several decades in the past. But the cigarette assort- t. . ment of today, in Germany at any rate} cannot be compared in any way the cigarettes of thgse days, neither:in regard to the quantity ..: ~ of smoke substances nor in regard to its biological activity. ' The cigarette industry does also not deny that tobacco smoke . . „_ --~---~-- .. _ . _ , contains carcinogenic substances. Precisely because of that the aination r of these substances and their elimination. Experimental tests with k•'; , s., not only in the Research Institute of the German Cigarette In- q&,aniMals in independent institutes throughout the entire world~ that test animals to man are at all admissible. These doses are so highthat they would be the equivalent of a totally unrealistic quantity of cigarettes for r,.any as far as conclusions from smoke have produced tumors in an insignificant number of test animals. Consequently only the highest doses of smoke condensates or tobacco dvsi~y, have shown however that these are relatively weak carcinogens. }q .ST

, ~Principle xpproach As regards the contended connection between smoking and diseases ,*; ''A °aS of the heart and circulatory system: modern research has found by now that such diseases cannot be traced back to a single cause that can be isolatedbut are the result of a great number of very different factors of influence. Among these are pri.marily poor nutrition and ~. . overweight, hi&blood pressure, lack of exercise,and stress, is at present not yet lmown how much these factors have to be individually. The role that smoking plays is exaruned by the industry in~co-ordinated world-wide research4 cigarette tis~ ~~a,~, ~

, .. The Problem of t' Passive Smokir.g" The so-cal-led"passive smoki.ng" is a particularly typical example for attempts to push public opinion into a certain direction turns tobacco smoke into an ecological threat. (Arztlicher Arbeitslreis 'Rauchen und Gesundheit'), that non-smokers suffer damage to their health by being in closed rooms with smokers, Professor,F. Schmidt from the "Physician's Panel on Smoking and Health" by means of polemics and one-sided presentation of facts.* The thesis constantly promoted by the camp of tobacco adversaries, particularly The truth is that scientific experience speaksclearly against such an allegation. In all scientific experiments, beginning with the contended danger to health could not be proven even under extreme. to clarify the up till then still disputed history of "passive smoking", ~ ..;. .~. .. . 1 ~.~. ,., . . . . ' .. . .: ::'.~. . '., ' I ' ...~ '.. . . .. . . . . ~, . ~ .. .. . ... , . . . ,. . . . . . . .. . . ,. . . ~' . , the year 1970, which were undertaken by domestic and foreign scientists med3.cine of the Institute for Clinical Chemistry at the University of 2~'unic in a thorerough investigation analysed all available findings -in detail. In the conclusion of the investigation report, published in the physician's journal "Internist", issue 14, 1973, we read: The investigations on handdo not present any evidence that the health of the non-smoker is endangered by "passive srr.o?dng ." (USr1) and others arrived at the same conclusion during a panel discussion Ten international experts like Prof. Gsell (Switzerland),, Prof. Wynder at the 22r.d German Congress for Continuing 2 edica]. Education in June

. Passive Smoking 1c73 in Berli,n. Incomplete agreement they pointed out that neither onthe basis of their knowledge of pertinent literature nor on the basis of their own investigations did'they know of any indication that passive smoking presents a danger to health. These findings are corroboratedby all scientists who measure precisely what quantities o smoke substances are inhaled by co-smokers in different situations. A series of experiments of the American HARVARD SC1-i00L OF PUBLIC HLALTH in Boston, which~measured smoke concentrations on different places and locations (bus, train, waiting-rooms, offices, and restaurants, etc) arrived at the result that co-smoker quantities per hour amounted to 0.00T up to 0.004 filter cigarettes. That means converted that the co-smoker inhaled the smoke substances of from one to four cigarettes in 1 ,000 hours which is- roughly 40 d,ays --provided that he would rersin constantly in heavily "smoke-filled" surroundings. u:r~i$',u~ y'.~a3'=YC~:• . Ftarthermore, the frequently asserted reproach that smolang raises the carbonmonoxide concentration to the danger level can also not be proven through experiments. The Central Institute for Labor Medicine (Zentralinstitute ftlr Arbeitsmedizin) in Hamburg measured corresp onding concentrations in Hamburg offices. The results were published in issue 3(1576) of the medical journal -IN'rEMiaL IwEDICINE ( anr_ere Medi5~n) and atated that "passive smokers in comparison to the non-smokers in the given test conditions were not subject to an additional CO-load." In a more recent extensive study of the "Problem of Passive Smoking" (1976), Prof. W. Klosterk.Btter summarizes the result: " jhere are no indications so far that in average healthy people long-time passive smoking can lead to classic smoker's diseases or otherwise increase the risk of illness."

Develooment of the German Cigarette Assortment cancer are estimated for man at about 3Gto 40 years. In our animal tests they am,cuntedto an average of more than 6C0'days. If one equates 1C0 live days of the rat with~ 10 years of human life., we woul.d' obtain latency periods of producing effect of tobacco smoke condensates "The latency periods until the appearance of the bronchial in Heidelberg expressed the following 1961 in a study of the cancer- Prof. Sch:-Ahl of the Cancer Research Center (K.rebsforschungszentrum for the biological effect of the condensates. In regardto this In animal tests with smoke condensates (mistakenly called tobacco tar) a clear dependence on the applicated'dose became evident certain that the latency periods are extraordinarily long. In accordance with that a reduction of the carcinogeric is admissible or not shall not be discussed here. But it is more than 60 years for man. -Whether such an interpretation suffice to len,-then the latencY neriods even more., so that effect of the tobacco smoke condensate by only 50% would not fall within the range of a lifetime." the manifestation of t he carcinogenic effect would practically (from: Encycl. GRCSS.~,R BROCKAAOS t p. 529, catchword~u tar" ) Advancement in the Biological Aerosol Research from 1957to 1G61, (Fortschritte in der biologischen Aerosol-Forschung in den ja'rzren 1957 bis 1c61,), Stuttgart 1961., p. 20Q. "The 'ta*_' ' of tobacco smoke is called by this na..e only because of its out,Jard characteristics. It is a smoke condensate...

German Cigarette Assortment The industry found in scientific statements such as the above quoted by Prof. Schmghl as well as in the results of research in her own institute a confirmation of the validity of her efforts at developing cigarettes with low condensate andnicotine values, which have been underway since the mid-fifties, ar.d' mar'_setiz:g them success- fully. The result of these efforts manifests itself in the fact that alone in the neriod from 1961 until 1975 the condensate ner cigarette /~ was lowered in aver??e ?reipht from 28.3 m~(~ to 15.2 rQ} that is, 46 'f-~ d i and the smoke nicotine was reduced from 1.4 Trg to 0.66 mg, that is, 5 ~ 4 ~,9 . Measured by the average weight of its condensate and nicotine values the German cigarette assortment is today one of the lightest, if not the lightest, in the world. It must further be taker_ into consideration that the average smoker has left increasingly longer cigarette butts during the compared period of time, which results on the average in~an. additional reduction by about 15 ;4 of the condensate and nicotine.values obtained'from the cigarette. This means for practical nurnoses: A smoker smokdng today the same number of average cigarettes as he did 15 years before obtains now from this number only 47 w respectively 40 ° of the condensate and' nicotine quantities obtained in 1961. Ti=, "Contributions to Tobacco Research" (Beitrdge zur Tabalcforachung), 3/76, Ill. 4. CA CD M GO I

German Cigarette Assortzent But even if the increased oer-canita consumation of cirarettes is taken into account, the result is still that the per-capita con- sumption of condensate respectively nicotine has decreased by about 36; respectively 45p, But not only the quantity of smoke substances was reduced to the extent stated, in addition to that it was also possible to prove with extensive animal testing a siF 'ficant,reduction in the biological activity of the condensates of modern ci7zarettes. The well-?tnown American cancer scientist Wynder drew attention to this development as early as 1965; it has been considerably improved since then (Journal of the American Medical Assoc., 192, 88, 1965). In a study by Bross (i:at. Cancer Institute, rlbnogr. 28) 35-44., 1968) we read . verbatim: "The risk of lung cancer is reduced by the switch to filter. cigarettes - the risk seems to be reduced by ca. 60%." In view of these facts it may be emphatically stated that the statistical investigations, on which among others the Terry Report andits supplements are based, rest on findings, which are traced back to the smoking of cigarettes in view of the accepted long latency periods - whinhiare no longer available, at least no t in the Federal Ptepublic . of Germany. Ru t that also ooens un for auestioni:~ ~~YF:f::~,•~«-',..,:;:... _. the ar^TU^e:~ts, which are derived from tnese sta tistical investi7ations, about the nroduct of today.. Timm, 19"6; Ill. 5 and 'o (see p. 8)

TRE117D AAMLYSFS OF THE F'FOBLEMI OF CONSMIPTICN OF NICOTINE AND SMUKE COMr:NSATE IN THE FEDMAL REPUBLIC OF GZRM~-"Iu"Y FRO:i 1961 to 1975 from: Con+.xi'outions to Tobacco Research (Beitxlige zur Tabakforschung) Vol. 8, issue 7. October 1976 by Mrgen Timm Illustration 5. Annual consumption of wet smoke condensate in ..the Federal Republic of Germany~ (1961. - 1975) Illustration 6. Annual consumption of nicotine in the Federal ARepublic of Germany ,.,,... (1961 - 1975)1. The solidlLnes represent the progress in a linear adjustment. The hatched lines indicate the development during the last three years, which progressed possibly more sharply than conforms to the long-term trend. 8a Illustrations

-8a- 7rc-luanai J sen zurn Problem des Verbrauches an ;::i~ct<<7 und Rauchkondensat in der Bundesrepuhlile Deutschland " r ~.. '~ r;~. ° v 1 ~Gi~ f .. r~ - i 190`' 1 b . :,: ~ s 1975 14 vcrl.af, a,s cscem,:aa.;rr,sug.:n TranC an;s;,rlcnt. t Entr,c;;il:ng C~r lat::cn dret Jat::o an, d,e may-ltetierwerse stedar aus: „Eititrige zur Taballf.,r>~hunti.. B~ad 8 HcF 7 "O{.tuocr 1976--r 1101r JrirCrn Ti,,,,,, - Abt;:dung S. Jiihrlicaer Verbrauch an teuchtem Rauch• Abbildung 6. J,ihrlirher Verbrauch an Nikotin in der Bun- kondensat in der BundesrepubliK Deutsc.htand (1S61-1975). desrepublik Deutschland' (1961-1975). Die du,cr.gezo,enen Geradan geCen dic linear ausge;urhenen Ver-, Iccte van 1;61 bis 1873 wicCCr. D.c gestricnelten GeraCan ecuten drs 0 ! 16 r-1 0 IV. . .4, V . 1i61 62 63,64 E: on Si 63 oa 70~ LL 72 73 7. 75 Jdnr Year 1005145971 1461 62 E3 64 63 Eo 67 Eo 69 70 71 72 73 75 Jane Year