Tobacco Documents Online

I s 4t51%'%_L1'1 lY,r.rta Jj~i lr1C~/~llnUil(:L 1J'/.U <v?.Lhc,t:, c± l r ~jcS) The Senate oave final Conor«es: ~- sinna';::ai ra a^ 'zc'r'.oa bill ann:na'ail ci^cr::i!e cn r er- cra ; ow"f rc: on f t s,~n rs nf. . Janur:r.(l, 1971. It P:-.s.cinenry' Ir~'n lavrby'~-Presidenl Niiron on a.,_-! 7 hc r arso sirengthens llie warn- irg notice required on e/ery'ciga- . r:ttd pack. The new r-:essage: "Warning: the Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health:" The - bi0lcatted for this to take effect six mon,hs after the Presidentiaflsignl ing-on October 1. T-4e coniroversiali question regarding the Federal Trade Com- miccinn's rr:_crt~nsihilitia: nmr~nr!- -fating cigarette advertising was settled by enjoining the FTC from . requiring warnings on remaining ads until!afterJufy1„1971; with a - six months' notice of intention required thereafter. Sen. Frank E. Nioss of Utah warned cigarette manufacturers acainst a: massive -=- alift!of adveKisements frorn broad, ;, cast to prinlmedia: if this,hap- pened; he noted, the FTC would -- act as soon as possible to require :' health warnings in such ad- vertising: - The blt's provisions represent : a substar•.tial viatory for the anti- smoking forces 'in the Congress and the nation:_ Sen. flioss,, who -sponsored Ihe measures, said, "Thanics to thisbill; f.iarlboro Co: n- try tvitl' fade inio tetevis on~ history as of next Janr•.ary." As the revulsion against ciga- retlo smo:-cing mounis na;ionatly, pressurc ncreascs to ban smot<- c tg in public pfaces. Pan Ameri- ran 1^.'ortdiAinvays li~s c slAtblishcd Inc first air born; "No Srno•.cing" section on its 7d7'.jets, ;and Amcr- ican nirtines is conecidc:ring ;t!ch, VUl~U1rK: Ui , , !w. 1L a move. A petition has been filed with the Federal Aviation Admin- istration by John Banzliaf Illito re- - ~quire such sections on all'pfanes; it was this young lawyer from Washingtbn, D:C:, who success- fully petitioned the Federal Com- rw:nications Commission for the Fairness Doctrine rulinl; on TV cigarette commercials. jhe' FAA is also considering', a petition by lawyer-crusader Ralph Nader that smoking, be forbidden entirely on airplanes; the consumer's rights advocate cited the danger of tire as v:e.!I as the health hazards and annoyance. Nader also has oetitioned the' Federat. Hig'A•: ay Admini',;tra;ion to prohibit smoking on interstate buses„ contending that smoking creates a fire hazard, interferes with the dtiver's abi!ity to safelyy operate a' bus by reduc ng his efficiency, and oenerates a,poten- tiaffy dangerous concentration of e..rbon monoxide. Another peti- tion of his~ to the Interst: te Com- merce Commission for the same ban is based on the contention that smoking,on buses lo :ers the quality of service. Railroad§ are ali;o coming un- der fire from anti-smoking forces. Recent surveys shovi' tf.iat about 80 per centi of commuters prefer to ride in "No Smoking" cars, against less thani 60 per cent a few years ago; and the railroads have reduced the n+mtber of smof:in,t cars on cach It•:in, ac- cordinct!y: The Penn Centrall Rail- roadi ad;uslc~d the prop~,rtion of its s,nol~,ing cars after diecovering that riders erou!d c+ :n:i up i:r other cs-s rather than sit among the ctouds of! smoke: tti!<ny top liospifals in the coun- try no; lonqrir sclll cig~: ettt:s on their premises, arrd have re- Fez slricted'smoking to limited areas. The ban on sales affected 18 municipaf, hospitals in Neti'r York City on April 15. The American Pharmaceuticaf Association; with the cooperation of the ACS, has produced al sign read:rrg "'Be- cause'they are hazardous to your health, we do not se!I cigarettes"' -which is often displayod where the cigarette machines were, and~ in the many pharmacies tha'r have eeased selling cigarettes. - Three professional hockey teams, the M'onireal Canadiens, the Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Deiroil Red 1'srings, ha!z banned smoking by, spectators durina gaines at their home ri-.ks. Reporters may no longer smoke at presidentizfl press conferences in: the l'Jhite House; Presidcnt Nixon does nol smoke and ap- parently' does not like spending time in a smoke-fified'roo^n:,Tie Executive Board of the World Heafthi Oroanization adocted a resolution ca!iir•.g on all vrrla at- tend its meetincs to refrain from smoking; this United i.ations agency stated that "no organiza- tion devo';ed to the promo:ion of heaf!h, can be neutral" on the qucstion of cigarette smoking. U.S. Agricu;ture Dep2rrnent fig: ures on 1 °G° cigarette ccnsump- tion shov; that the use of' ciga- rettes is fattina at a faster rate than it had'predicte:i. In December, the agency caicufaledi tfiat' 19u9's ~ consumption to;:aed' 545.G bi!lion cigarettes, a drop of, 2 per cent from a year earlior. I-iov:erer, the actual figure proved lh tie only 528:9 billi n, a 3 per cent c:cctine. The deparimcritls esii;r?ters of 19,639, per capi,a cig.arr•Ce con- sump'ioribe,ran last, Se?,emb^r with an' estimated figurc do-rvn 3 per cent from the 12G5, tc.•vef of 4',1C-G: In Ducem!icr, iha v:as re- v;; ;d ib a4 per, cent docfine, but lha final aver<:ge shor,,s Ihe fig- urr; actuaffy droi.,pod !i pc•r cen: to 3,t:92 ci~arcllcs p;ar per.cn over, 16. . 7 G

( rdU:usrat VJ' Lfk,A llC 1 I CD J:.S V Ictu: I PEHADULT' UrdITEDSTV.TES;1945-19G9 . • . S• . . -. .... - , . . ` - woosanQs . ~l ~ . ' t , ' ; r I 4 -.1 r t' 31 - e. © I I '- .. . 4/5 1950 19:5Ih;4 tgc5. 1969 IATLSBER OF CIGARETTES SrdOt: _D• ~ -~ -wyEl3~iodo.4f. . •.. ~- 7wace: U.S. Ue~rrmeN M Agrrcvlour~ . wur.lnEl1 OF C1.^,AR[TTE SMr1KEnS It7 TNE U!;IT[D SIATES;31;i5'-lSG6. so ~ 50.7 . - 49~3 .'. ~~ ~ a9 5Y 50 ..-.. e--= . 30 1?GS . 15'vu. 1967 1~3t.51LLtONS OF CIGARETTE Sr;.Oi(ERS Source: U.S. Uatwrel Cenler 1ar Ifeat[h S-,aisttcs -. The deparimenl analyst said he smokers, but from 19"6 to 19:81he ezpects par capita use this year, proportion of former sm:)kers to drop by another 6.5 per cent to among ma!es increased'b}° cnty•12 around 3,763 cigzrettes. The cur- per cent' compared to 22 per cent rent trend' of declining, cigaretle' among fe,nnles:,The proportion of ose beganx:ithavery slioht1douvnf -young, people who have never "- MarO Turtlut isvr. ilv.: °I'=1r ic incr,-.aCinn too. In clear, the ana'yst saidi that the 1966. 48.3' per, cent of mv!e ; aged ` continuing fatl-off is a'tribule5le 17-24 years Itad'nevensmor:ed;;in 10 the intensive anti-smoking cam- 1968 it v:as 50.0 per centt Among pafgn. femaies in this 2ge group'the per- Behveen August 1957 and Au- centages of those who never gust 1968. an estimated 1.4, mil- smoked are 62.2 for 1963 and 63.4 fion • people gave up cigarette for 1968. smeking, according~ to data re- Eeased by the National Center for Hca:ih S:r:tistics: This uf ped~ to 2.5 million the number w'1o join- ed the ranks of, former smokers since June, 1966; (A former smoker is d^_fined as one who had smol:ed at least i03ici7aret!es in his cntire life.) In 1968, former smo!cers formed 13.2 per cent of the U.S. civilianj, non-instilutional popu!alion 17 years of ago and! older, an overall incrcase of 15 per cent over 19u6. A st :ady in- crease in, peoplc giving jpi ciga- roite smoking chal actcrized I cvcrY age and sex grnuaing, bo:h in numbers ofi people and as a pcr, cerd~ of cach group: Tjtc stu: y, r:hich was conductotf for the Centcr by thc U.S: 13inc,:u of :nc Census in three succttc,;ivo }rcars; sho'.vs that a lr:rgcr pro, or- tionof rnerrttian rrorncrr art: former ! -.fi. . .. _t. - I__ Althuugh producers of vagetables and fruits pay the Aoricultt.re De- parlrarntl S10.8, million a:car to have their crops oraded.fairly, the "lords of the tobacco industry" get free inspr'ctionand gra.ding by the Depariment. This was re- ported recently by nstiona!I,r syn- dicaled columnist J~!c~;,An;i_-rson, who estini~tedi that the taxpayer paid S2:9 mi!iion in 19G9 so that the Acricul!ur<., D^; alUncr;tl could inspect tob::cco for qua: ty:, lcaf location and color- "cv.:y,ihing but hc,.v many puffs it 1abes for a full-flhc!ced cas~, of lunD caU1cer or ernphysenla... 1^<hy YowSrrlolie„11Ic f.ational Educationaai Tcievision serics t!iat was broaclcast on, cc!zwraibnal lelcvision, stetians throun'InuL the country during March, is ILe sub- ject of an extensive follotivup sur- vey in 13~ metropolitan areas to determine how effective the pro- grams were in helping people- to, quit'smoking„and hovr many oeo- plb were helped by the,scrie:. . The study, which is being son- ductedl for the ACS by Lieberman Research„ Inc,, vrill survey more than 14;000 people; they, will be contacted by, volunteers in their, area bytr3lephoneand asked a5out their smoking habits and whether or not thcy saw the series. A se- lection of those v:ho report hav- ing,seen all five programs will becontacted again six weeks later and I`;en again six months atter that for further information about; their smoking habits: Some of'the data, such,as %-.fiich aparoach was most tielpful in~reinforcing the de- sire to~quit smoking, %:rill also be useful in formu!a!ing other pro, grams to assisU cioarette smokers wlro wish to ~ stop. Cities lnctuocaim rne.blu(iy ntoBos!on; Rochester, \Nilm;ngton, Pittsburgh, Philade!phia, AtlGnta, Tampa,, Chicago, St. Louis„ Cin- cinnati, Cleveland, San Francisco~ and Seattle. For 'ha first time;, scienlists re- eently have produced lung cant cer in experimental animals cr sigr niticantly large size asa result of cigarette smoking. A group of purc-bred beaates were trained to~ srnoke cigarc!!es throu~h Ira- cheostornies, or openings in their throats, through which plastic luhes v:ere inserted. This permit- led them to inhale smo{:c into th^ir Iun_ts immuch the sama way humans do. This research effec- fivc-ly answers such rcpoat^d clcin,s by the tobacco indos lly as that which t:ppeared in a full=pai?e advcr!iscmcni froai the Alm,rican Tobacco Comp::ny in the h'cr:1 York Tinmcs on S^iyteTbcr 4, sayin.„ "aftcr ycars of tt;:- ing; aovody h~a inducc.d lurl) canc^r in anirna!, with 6garettc smn!ie."

~~f y stc*dy was d3ncv~r,~; ut, E. Etry;er-tj~mmond, lriac: es;~ nt for Eptdemiology and'"STatta+rual Research of the 1•.=S=:::n~' Dr. Oscar Auerbach, Senir-:lhcdical Investigator, VA Hosf•ital, East Orangc. N.J. and Professor of -Pathology, N.Y. Medical College: It was begun in 1K~ = f: ' the pur pose of tinding, out -aretles are safer than ~ - ;^..nd -,only sccondarity, s^ ~ it •"'fo7x1-term smoking vr.'r- i:'.,nuse •. . lung malignancies in -'^as. The dogs smo'r.e& for almorx tv;q and i--- a half years, which is equ\'~al'ent tn aboUl 18 years of hu ~~as ~° The death rate,, the inves,iga- = tors found, correspond_.., r:-recily with the amount' of tar and nico- tine that the beaates pu'led into iheir lungs. Only tour of the filter- '_smoleing and "lioht"smoi:ingdogs died'during the study, but hatf of: the 24 "heavy" smo'r.eri.r_~x.pited. rnere ivcae nvu;;atim 'c.rucw+µ ii+u eight control dogs that didn't - = smoke. ~ - Among the most common -'causes of death were such respi'- - ratory disorders as emphysema "" :and pulmonary fibrosis. As for A- cancer, ten of the he~---_':ii?o i Hoes cie•:'t .-ned m `111mors, a^d irl ll':O In; i~'T^~°' ..,<-.~.--•------------- :1-,Jr~ ^~i-S were r O..r'5^n"-'d 1'li r'l:-1 } ;. ! So-cailC& benign tumors v:ere found in seven of the light-smoF:ing dogs and in QI four of the fi!terrsmokers- 4 The P.CS has warned, as a re- sulrt of this siudy;, that "Filter-tip ciaarette smokers shoulct not be lulled into a false feeling of secu- 'rity by lh,; report of the fil:er-tip smoking poriions of the :.'.uJyc. They shoufd reafize tt+-a filter-tip cigarctlcs, it lhcy~ cft.:ctiveltj re- duce tar and nico'lne ii +l-^ ~>laih- stream snloP;e, arc at '`:. : only -less danrr-e,ing to lung tie,.: lham _ _ rlorl-fllleri Gi^ya:4iies." ••The oven,'he;rninc majorily of health auillorities and nrg;,rlila- tions llrroualtout' the r.otlti have concluded~tltat ciggrelte smoking, is one of the most important pre- ventable causes of: disease, dis- ability and death in countries Iilie Canada," reported th=_~ Hcalth Committee of Canada's House of Commons: in; its hvo+year study of lobacco and cigarette smol'.ing. Its recommcndations, whicFi it accepted wou!d put Canada in the ,vanguard on cicEtretle-healih leg- _islhtion, included an end' to all aigerette prwmotional activities within four years after laws are enacted, beginningn'.'ith advartise- r..ents on broadca st m_dia+ An- other recommandatian, is for maximums to be set on tar, and nicotine permissible in main+ stream cioarette smoke. While stating -that' there could be no "safe" level for these substances, the Commitieesa;dithatmodcrz.te leveli;i, acceptuti!e to most smol;- ers, would redi!ce the daily total nicotine. The Committee also, asked that all adt'ertising and alll cigarette containers carry a healthi warning, and that the lobacco in- dustry concentrate on dwctoping tobacco that would rm.Ne" ciga- relles safer. Estimating that the costlof ciga- rette smoking in Canada in 1966 twas some S38'J' million, the Com- mittec eor,ctt;ded that "it is cleari that'the!magnitude of the pro5lem is such lhal something more than' health education is des:rable.... Perhaps the most compelling!rea, son. to introduce practice ble• legi,- lation to control the promci:ion of cigarette smoking is to t ring con- sistency and mutual reinforcement into society's actions to deal with the problem. For examplc, young people can hardly be expected to believe -t!iat gt;vernments reallyy eonslderi clg.aret?P_smct'f.i.r10 to beo hazardous if they allow unlimited , beans, I pulled on p!astic ciyarePtes„1 tried z~nfi-smo:ang lozenmec and gpm;. I/ettered the pack t:d(h ruobc.• hane; so I'cocr.'dn't get a ciyaret'e out, and kept rigrrt on smo.king t'see pr.c%s a day." To provide support for her If:rst -, reSnlulion to. Cuit„ she c'rraGgcd 2fl eppvlrSnient for 9 p.m., Decca;be: 31st with a psych'iatrist t:,ho csss[ kind of !•yp^csisOn 1 c;r's Cay morning slro rcponlca to vrt::. ers c1 the 7cday Sho:v; .'/ tl.ough?7re v.oufd put rnc in a deep ma;ic <'e^p and l'd emerce rri(h an abic'i rg abhorren; e of ' Cigare(fes. A!.js. i; t,t:sn't' titat easy. N.e jlrst lcrtches you to i,e:1 }'v: sc!l in what lie calls a'br:oylant re-4,,zatio..' I'd'cr.l1 i, a mil;htrance in y-o,r mino"is receptivo 13 tii^ er !vo- !cc(ir.q <'.nd respec'iitg G"ie f.oJy, in ..hiChlr y0tr Ii :* it ir ...-; (':r have ruJivo. Yo1 irao•int t tfs On y,a.,: m;;ah so o•'tt,nt.. ( sr r;r i,!y; 1!P,, urg^ rc, pro'eCt. }ots bao';• t. nt^. : perr.;.l::^n;;}•. rn~re ir.~pG~f:~nr r ;~m (t:r Urc7.'r to pOi.On it. t:'G'(. 1,vJC'cn houa : rid ; 9 ra11c li:,r'!'i wor.1 of -1 l+.,nce." 77r.' t•, ^s P: 1;'51 <.rn (0 J tac;:ry il On lin+il l. 7.'rs $. :,rinc'r- wido•.1 of arcliiti~rf [er,')> . '.L T l Uelicved as p. ;siorra;cl;< ., I d0 1112r.tP.,.r,7usr stop 1'c(/uridH;.r'lc cr.'rth, tuhich' is a clo:cclsysnu:n: ~-~hyal so Ihe!f-hcr„ c^ pjlr:::ing (' ^ c': scd system thaCs rnc?" 7h+o ul, pic ered TV p,.rsan, iil; /Crno S;:nrincn sa muchllraf as A , lc-t ,rca' on; shc r.p.. , o1ri, T..isr.. r,orf flie l+is1 fir,te. s;':c hn 7rii_l;o:quit. dir "evory~tldir¢rt r't,~t. cY~r,~C~'r t•:1i11. rlrrcidcs tn rn;( do^s• G:;%crer! nll, trn;f on s ain; bi,,c1'ca, r, ,ztled lhern: IJtyeci n•,!h vu"r}cl,-.r.Ucl up pcns and pcrtcil;, !: ue;u d on c.nllce was cl;!'na1'srno,;tiir~.