Tobacco Documents Online

' •BEhT_'iR' S IDICEST APRIL 1970 r~• C i•~es oE "luarning,° dining sshich thcy oec•tsionallt cr u; hed 1 htt; and ~ccrc t dizzy and 1 1t seated tlte dqgs bc- ~CvCil a<T<I111 can the tobaCCO o clme accus umcd to srno}:iitg and ialdhlstry hide bchihld its'inost-useu' wcre ablc co "pufP" \\•it!u,ut the C~Cf!CIISE-[ha[ no one J1 't6 f ptmi!°InC rtc'tce' ln factl ss•ithin a ~ I(e.v months tlie dogs actually had'I IIIdhlceCJ'C111ee1- in Jelbo/'RtOrj' the hahir (12itrinp the second study,,' l fretted and t.hincd' i ua one ant 8I31rila.S iVlb~~ Cl~? ` 31CItC 5I1101'C whcn, lie ll:xdll to be kepr off ciga-- . 1':LJaS. Ga~~ f0~°. r rettcs lor a fow da}•s whilc: a new traeheostotny incision hcalcd. An- other would snap each tinx the at- fr om tendant rcmoscd the cigarette its Ito!r!cr.) • Iu thcir first rcport on the stnok- ing do ,s, presented in tcfG5; Dr. Auerbach, and'i his collcaguesre- ' vealed that every one of the five an. ~, itnals that survived at least ,2o days ;' of smol:in-I (at a rate of'lz aga- rettes prr day)! had the abnormally dilittcd air sac, in the lungs which are characteristic oE' cmph}'sema. (No sifns of emphysema \cere seen in the ten control dogs.) But there \vas moretltan emphpsetna here. In every one of the dogs that had smolaed for y?o da}•s, Dr. Au^_rbach found'th same kind of p c.canccr ous celt changes he hrd'sccn in the None or tltc<e changes v, ereseen in the noa sniol<in-_ do-s. "Still, n•c were only on the thresh- oldj" Dr. At:erbach rccalls: "The smoking \vas dcarl}' producinS eltanscs In,the direction of e ncer, but Nve could uot yct call tt cancer. So v:c sct up a second erp--riinent, bcginr nt, in ;\1ay_ig~7, th• v:ould permit th c dogs to smokc fo: a lonl,er pcribd of time. rknd after about ttto yc:trs tte be; nn to ace re- sults tLat no one oould disputc." In cscr}• p.irticulnr; th: ch-tngcsin the lui,:;s rrf a plou}t~af z.{ hcaV}•- smnkin rli, s(tl nc cilparctt s a clay th,- n u•Ir dailj c(lui% ,rlcnt oflttto p-}:, Io a man c,f avcragcv size) loi! thc classic pattcrn of dc- vcl"i,in;, c'tnccrc hrolif!•rntion c,f the hr t'I cclls nf thc hruncl,i.il Iy. bi nt aiz~~d nuclci 1nfl; fir-In., the brnm th , c lt rturrs ,lb thi lr ,iut it~ clir ulel he ur•-h'a- sizcdtlia llu('tlW t r: 'cin~,Lnm thc c:mr •r ,r' ° _ _ _`. - I, nt !l I _;' ~ L. - I~ 1 I11 li ll-VI l th r_ .r i ic ~ rr11 c tt , c~n cl~nc t.tbson, hso,o.h:r connl = n t,rn il,., uf' 1 cl <c i h, int IncJr uu lna!pnant l:.nl Illl,r:ut,l. Ulic };rul.n tnn.;xird ofli; l t u: ol~n.~' (tLa crit:ircilint n;.'ai t't a pugna:ious ]tist-ditch defense r tobacco industr}, znd, it is holxd, in of its lrroduct; a tobacco com- thc smoking habits of its customers, -~ pany last summer published a`:' The report is based on a ser.es of url'.page ad in the bdexv York,Tnner ;,studics beSt:n in 1964. llthouglr rc- ~u,fiiilg at all',' medical evidence searchers had long been able to pra- agatnst agarettes. "After 15 years of I'ducc skin cancer in n-.ice and o:her ir}lng," the ad proclat med, "no!wdy laborrtto-y animals by ruh'ing t!:cii 'tac induced lhna cancer in an mais : b3 1 s i.n tt ith the co td dltarrp• dis- `.YiUIlil;ArctrC s:G,VI.C. ,%c rKllt-.c ;'.tttlatc OttOnaCCO:stnOl.C,,l11:YCOUIrI that the antitigarette theory is a',not get large a;titnak to ir,h,l~ Sum rap." ,'smolic:on a rec,ular bais for a lonS lll/ This "bclitf"blindlys ignored the enough time tolinducc lung canccr. evldcncc from thousands of dLctors ; But Dr. Auerb;,ch, a patholo; i,st and public-health experts that has : in his mid-lxn, is a patient and p.:ins= ~ersuadcdm•tnymill onsoE'snno' ers ` ta' ing , man It was hls trork on :o quit the habtt- And now, nnally,, chanRcs in smokers' hlngs that pro- ; ii hashecn prored'false-liy a kennel : vidcd ritc stronpest pat".olooicel sap - rof smoking dogs. I port fbr the Su-bcon Gencral's ` ' Aftcr Zr to 3o months, of' daily famous 1964 re; ort, "Smokinb and `sntokin., , of' non-filtcrcdl cigarettes, 1 Hcalth," and for its fiat conclusion ; _at a ratc rou.L,'F.ly cduia•a.lent to ttvu jlthat cigzrettc slnoking was causally, ; 1 s a day, for a man 1 drrrsiq- " related to lung eanccr-a concJt_s:on [hsa-iin~ ton~ ne ~~roa, r t drvel- . that tlu tcbacco interests hlttntl}•: ; - oi;_.I~ nll^_n_ant turnr e vtr.~•iri^y~~.. SI :~11~ O I f: C t cCr. h1'Ulrf ttie tilnlOr]ltere ' I tl~c t}~pc most corumoa iil hu. ? mans. (Three quarters of the (rj,ooo ; tunoan limh canocr d••tths per year Lrc Iraicvcd due to srnoklng.) The dc,j tun;ors ra.nred in size fron\ the Inicrcc cupie to two tht t werc as big Lts a l trEc m: rb!c- ! 7 hcsc drarn..tic find, .rs were re- ! poticd to thc fatrierican Canccr So- ln Pcbruar}' hy Dr. Oscar ~n rl ach, scnic.rmcr!ic,l inresti-' ~;ator at thn \",terans Adminiktratlou; 1:osprl tl'in Past Outarc, N.JI, atld' I)r. I Cttyirr }I::mn ond rf tlie; 1CJ. J Leir resentch I., alhtnst ccr-' tailt to evu?x r.-pcrcue.icros in the rcfuscc! to acccl,t. ~ The initial study in tt - series in- ' volredlzo b c.t s: ten s no!ccrs and ten non-stnoktnt; "eon.rols." Siuce' the smoking dogs could non cc taupht to hotd agarcucs b:tv:ccn thcir lilu; the titvt.stigc,;ors madc a simp!e trach as e nv tuu tn t in e:uh antin"ll cIll-ct . and 1111 epire, :Ind th n tmcrtcd a euncd 1 I anitu!,e: '1'hts, v:,shcld in by a padcL°d crusshicce snaphcd to a s - cial t 1 Iler ct lt t In mrncluc, tl,c d• tr, cr, .tr•_ttc~ s-mnl.ri\l;, thc c:.,s a.taclr-c; lu an thi>>ratu vhich I tn ;ud srr !.r tlnuut•h thc at.:rcuc 1 1 int, th:• 1ba,s. At:cr .• sl,ort I}• rtnd r .

r  ! I I I L ~.' L r I l i,ack .,t untt!tcred eil;arottcs a day itea etttr.); tl ot!t.r nf dot,s %% ho sntnk.~1' nnlb' f t c cd ci••an:ttcs (at t!ic rrr.tgh human cquic;ucnt of twti packs n dac): Thcre svas also a cnn- truf,grnup of eight dbgs that snwkcd no ci_--srcttcs at all; and in which no canccrous changcs, tocre seen. Two of thc ra dogs with cancer were in a grorqlof liatvirr beagles who are stillismcking under obscrvation. Drs•_ :luerbac!i; and! hlammond point out that these results do nor mcan thatcithcr "lightsmoking"br ., the stnoking of filler-tip cigarettes is "safF.° Rather, it is "reasonablc to suppose that smoking filter-tip cig• arettes (or_a lisnqen Icnl th of time uould cventualh• have resulted in severe damago to the lungs" of thc dogs, and that some might vvell have dceeloped'cancers. - i In aav ease, the difference in patho;ogical findings between dogs on ftltercd and unfiltered'cigarettes .vas no surprise. Leaders in cancer rescareh hnve becn saring for more thantcn ytarsthat reducing tar con-. tent in cigarette smoke-s:•hich cf- &ctire filters undeniabl¢• do-would rcduce the'rish of lung cancer. Wha; arc tlie implications of'~thcsc new mdies scitii rel;ard'to adter- tistng and to got•ernmer,t jFtrisdic- tion oerr the sale of ci;arettes? Forr some ti:ne there has becn agitationi to require publication of tar and' nicotine dnta on the cig garrr,e pack- age and in adccrtisinr. Since rg57„ b'oth the Federal Trade Commission and du former Surgeon Ccneral;, Dr. \li?liarn H. Stewart, have bPen urging _uch action:,And somc com- nirs 1 ave G_x, -reral m~ic h~,c t t•cwzt~`triii•mrr_ti__ <_,ta.~.ac<I-mcn~- tine c-~ntent in their als.~l'~~~ -.~-•--,.,e - uccrnrr'- -irnt aiti4~m trrr~ryr,r~~r t!};~intorr-.satinn 1!av tct hecn talccn.'ll,c .-.~-.-.._r.._...~..,,.~s.... ,~~,._. _newliRrtt~s;~.tcliiehitond tusupport. twratc tt t-nat low-tar cigarettes arr lcu likely to produce lung cancer, sl:cnrh'•'ivcinr~~cn!s~t+,thc< <cl ci!n,l rccnr,r.:~.n~cl_And tftoy couldd uYal ch: nhc titc smol:ing habits of eownlcs: .lcnericans: Many brands of filter-.ip cigarettcs arc notv hcing sold .ith tar and nicotinc iontents close to, or ld,sver th'ant the filter-tip carictr u.ud' iix thc expcrimc•rrts. Ilut these brands cotnmar.d only about 2 parcc:rt of ttt. Glti:r-tip ntatfe.-ancl onh t'1'ut 17 !":rccnt of!t!ic ttIntl U.S. c~.,r.,tC i.,urla•t. liht tllc Auerbnc1l-11'.trr.mond ftndinn; raise a i..r mutc hasic quc,- tion. P.aat fill, svhcn iltc Il'oud and Drub .ldhxinistr,ltiun issued its now-fismnus ban c>n the artiCicilili sn'uctcucr callcdl c} cLt natc, sevcraC eritics ac,_used' the I;ovcrmmcnt of being in onsistent in, not taking similarly strong action against ciga- rettes: 1llr. Alton Oclisncr, the Ne.r Orleans chesLsuraeon t•:ho 1 as carn- paigncd relentlessly ag:iinst ciga- rettes for more than ;o cears, callcd attention to thisincnnsistcua• in an editorial in the eVed:'ca!7SvLrt,:e. He pointed ouG th:u RuLert', Finch, the Secrctarv of Mcal't5, h:ducatdon and \ii'tllarc, had ordered the artifici'al swectcncr off the mar;et b~causa it had c: uscd' b!adt3cr cancers in rats,cren though the dosages gicc,~ were 5o-Su tinies thosc rrcotnrneud- edJor human beihgs;,"Yrt the same government' supports the growing of tobaceo-the use of wliieli~ has been stated by atleast two Surmcons Gencral' to bc our grratcs.t hcalth hazard. "There has nevcr b<en anv eci- .1....,.. .t..,t .t... .,._ _.r,...,.t....._:..- t!-: humans, cccn tliot:gl~ n 1!ions have uscu t}:_... r_ . ct has eucrcattsed eancer,. Dr. Ochsncr said, "and yet it h~s rcpcatedlr becn proved thit' tobacco is by tir the most important causc of lung can- eer ill fact, if~ no more toh .ceo u cre produccd, canccrof t!I lung would be ahnost complttcly eGminatet: tci liia !o ycos Thvre arc many "v ho kno;v z.r,i ,.tl: .it the hcalth ha:.:.rds of t+,hrico u,z,." Dr. Oclis- nc•r couclutie<l! "it•ho apparently haca no regard Cbr littntan sacrifice, condbning its usc bccause of cco- notnic si~nificancc.'." Federal' taxes on ctgarottes, he pointed out, amount to ilrnosc:G miilion a day. As our P.tc^s are presently eonstii tuttd, there i; no government aacn, cy with clear jtnisdiction over the he:ath aspccts of cigiirettcs: The Fed= cral 7rzde Commission can act only ort matters of adsertising and pack- age information., Thc Food and Drug rldministration concerns it- sclf onlv witli foods,,drugs; solids or liquids which are eatca or drunk. 7obacco is neithcr a lood nor a drug, under eurrenelegal dcfinitions. Nor are cigarettes catcn or d}unk; thcy ar.e tnhaled. ': hus Secretary Finch's anssrer to critics like Dr. Ochsncr is siinply topoino out that the lawgives him no jurisdiction. \T'ill cigarettes reantun legnlj an& continue to cause cancer? In the Gnal! :tnalesis. laws are chanp,ed to fit the desires of p-c:oplc. If a sulT- ciont number of peepie let it be known that thcy want something t - - - ~._ t ... or•,e 1 ostibilttti for es nple, would b: to t ;::, .:ncfcr contro: of I-IEW'-thc tasl would by no means be impos.<iblc. L'ut it tnkes,a lbt of pcoplc, mttGing a lot of noise,,to off- set' ~_G million a day. - For in(oirr„tioa on reprists r` of thts a h: -. -e G-Z. 28 L' ":_rr+=*:a . .=. . : --• .