Tobacco Documents Online

I F I i . . . . r CJ~1'i\C~I!i ~ SG.,1 C71' ct ~f=l'~'S S~I~~~iC ~[~ f0 -4 Ct;& 219 EAST 42nd STREET (IEIS' YoRY,, N. Y. 10017 (212) t1G7-3700 . efI'1E EFFECTS OF CIGI~i E'CTE StiOhING U?n.y DOGS" I I i I- information and interpretation of the reports by Dr. E. Cuyler Hammond, Vice President, EpidernnioloZy and; Statistical Reseurch, timerican Cancer Society, and Dr. Oscar Auerbach, Senior iiedic23_ - ,Y.n~~estigator, Veterans A~mznistration i'Iospital, ;ast Orange, T,J., and Professor of Pathology, New, York L'lleda.cal! College, at a special scientific meeting held in con,junctio-n with the meeting of. the Americ~n Cancer Society Board of Directois, February 5, 1970; Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York City. to the same research pi oGram: "Effcdt s at Ca_UUrette S:rrokina Upon Dogs." Dr. HarLmond presented data on the design of the study, mortality and findinus in lung tissue. Dr. Aunrbachpresented findings and d-*--scussed 1,: nc-- tumors and carc:inio:niq s The work was supported by the American Cancer Society and. the Veter«ns Administration. The e-xperirnnnt was carried out at the 1jA I11jospitat in East Crance 5 N. J. Scien.tific Si.,,lif.J_cance of the Study_ 10050916'79 . . . (1) For thc *first time, scieni:ists }.latre produced 1unQ c~--'v.,~..~°t.+"v- ~-•"t.,.-"•+- "~~--`~~.........~,.---•-~..~..--.~-~- . . , . ., ; cancer iri a si~nif~_c~=nt`.ly 1argc e;cperlir.ental animal as a resu of heavy cif;arette 'siinoMng. _'.The. lung cancez' was - -~- . ~~ ~..o.~;y~^'i.rRar~~-.«f~~'~"'.''C~5'. ~•ti'?'.- -s. •- ~ a~ r

, group of pure bred beagJ-•, dogs by haviiig them . . :t cigarettes through tracheostomS_c-s, The r_csult- smoked.the cigarettes, inhaling the smoke and taking the srnol:e into their lungs xn vich the ..humans do when they smoke. smolec non-filter was that the d'ogs "puffa.ng," thereby same way that (2) ' It demonstrates. for the first time that cigarettes with fiIte-r. tips capable of reducing the inhaled tar -and nicotine content of the smoke by at least 49% of the tar, and by at least 37% of the nicotine are less harniful t:) smokc (in dogs) than nn- filter cigarettes. - (3) The research demonstrated dramatic differences in the incidence of malignant tumors in the filter s;r~okir:g; and non-- filter smoicing ciogs, The fiTtcr..s used were ezfeciive in signifi- cantly reducin- levels of tar and nicotine, but were not designed to reduce other elements, such as gas. Death rates for all of the S& smokir..c; dods ~,.ere significantly higher than am:)no, the control do~s (do ;s wh-5_ch did not. smoke) . However, the death rate of those dogs srnoj:ing iilter cigarett.es was lo~aer- than those which smoleed the same number of non-f3l_ter .cigaretteso Although -iogs filter ci&arctE es cxper:~:enced less extensive dam.abe to lung tissue -- In the form of,emphysenia,

were still a-l.i,ve and smolting filt-er ci~arettcs to the end of the study ;demonst7atcd signif:icant lung damage at auto4psy. According to Dr. 1Iammond, who reported the findings in 1ung tissues, "since the, degx•ee of such dam;xgc progr_esses with- dur2tion of smoking, thL~ euidencc indicates that lung parenchymal (tissue) damage advances less r4pidly with the smohi_n; of filter-ta.p .: . '~~. I I ~ cigarettes than with the smoking of non-filter cigarettes." He referred to this pheromenon as a"d3se-respon~se relationship Production of ',,una Cancer in Dogs 'Turnors classified as 11non•-invasiUes' were fo=d in the filter smoking do~s .. No "invas ive"' tu~~aors were found in ttiese dogs. "Invasive" twnors (cancer.) were fo111id in 12 of the heavy ,.~..~.,.~.........~-~F.,.~~-•-~..~,...~....~:~,.,..4~.-,........,~,..,a~.....-.~.~~ -~,.~~-.~..,~:~,~~.~-...~~,.,a.x..~~.~._.~ s, snnokirg non-f7_I.ter ci<,-;axette:s.-Dr. Eiuerbach stated ' smoj:er-doe in his : report that in two of the non- filter smolcincg, dogs early invasive sq,uamous cell. carcino,-,a was found in the bronchial tubes. In ca.r~!ful pathological_ e};arni:nation they were histolocicall]:y indistinoui_.shable. from that same, quite cosmon form of 1_uizd czincer in huma ns . 1005091681= L Poci_tion or tlle A:rerican Cancer Sociery (1) The ~nerican Cr-:ncer Society recogn2,Zcs the si(;nific~ nt ~;,,,.,-.._...,•,_ -~.-~..,..,.~,.....~._.~.-•-~_.._.....e.~,..-...~_....~-..,....-x.......-.....- --- .ea... nchievement of Drs. Atierbach and, Ylammond: in producing lung ,~,...~.~......,~,._. .~ .~ cancer in ~do~s sriolcin;; cigaretLesand the'i uT:pori:ant role o more - 4

the Veter ans'Administration in this joint project. Tlea_r findings should have a significant impact on the ~.a......._~.~...a.....~..,...._..,m..a,.....m..~.~..~,....- smoking of cigarettes in this count-ry," and will probably lead ,.... ..~._,.,~ .~y..d.~~.....~~.. . - to a reassessmi,nt of adver_tising clairs and policies of the (2) The reports by Ih s. Haa-nnond and Auerbach demonstrate =that smoking fil:ter' cigarettes, with certain degrees of filtration, ::educed the . in-Adcnce of actual lung cancer within a relative:.y short ti.nie (the dogs smoked for approxir;etcly 22 years. This approximately 18 years of hum~sn life).-However, initial examinati_on of lung tissue of filter amnkinc> rina.q w11n smnkPd fnr 27S dnvs shnwed lung tlssuC', damagc: 'very sa..milar to that found at an earlier stage in lungs,of dogs . smol~ing non-f:'_lter cigarettes. The latter were in the saine' groups in which lung cancers later developed. : T_he::efore, the filter cigarette cannot obJective]_y be ea:IlIed `safe" cigarette. Ho;le°~-er, cigarettes with effect.ive filters I-A are demonstrated to be less harmful than non--filters. ~ CJI . O } The repor t s by Drs. Han:.uoi:d and l,ucrb ach are in full W accord with the conc.Zuive epidec11i_o7.o.2;ical and pathol.oUica1 studies in,humans which led to the det' ermznution of a causal re3.ation^hip between cigarette sino?:.iizg and lung cancer report<<d in . ':. , . f ~ . . ,. -_ .'f . . =.... . ; ~ ., . _ _ ~. .

.5 (L~) The findings of Drs. Aue~~l~ach and HU:~nraond eff.ect.i~>el}T ,,,,~,~.,,~,,,,,•e,_•,,,,,,,o-_--..~..-.~ .~- _...•.....~,....~- refute contentions by cj~~_g.-:irette manufacturing interests that ~ - . i 1' I~ and zn claims to the con' .gal ette--canec:r ~n - .,......~~...~ .~.,.~•~...o..~,~,.~.. -.~ r t (5) Filter--tip cigarette smokers should', not be Iulled into - . a feeling of false secuxity by the report of the fil.ter-tip t . - . that filter-tip ci.g"arettes s, if they ef :;ectivc.ly re-duce tar and smol:ing Portioiis of these two stu.dies. They should realize nicotine in the mainstream smoke, are, at hest, only less trary were only IIst~.tistical." ,.,o......,~...._..o...,~.~,.~....~... .~.<.._~ damaging to lung tissue than, non-filte:: cigarettes, As such, ho;~7ever, they are better than the non-filter tyPes. _