Tobacco Documents Online

---

rable 1 >verage Cigarette Consumption, ®lood-Nicotine, end COHb Levels of den aod Women Smokers of Different Types of Ci©arettes Men lariables plain (N A 17) filler (N R 83) ventilated filter (N ?5) 'i~urclle 1'ar yiclJ (mg/eigt) ?S.9 17.9 9.3 Nicutinc yicld (mg/cigl) 1.9 1.3 0.8 ;nk)kcf Cun>um(Ition per day 40.3 34.6 38.1 C'unaunlptiun un day Is•8 20.8 21.4 Ill\Kxl nic/Ninc (n~fml) 36•3 31.8 '39.5 CUllh ('i ) 6.3 11.0 7.8 Women ventilated aignificance filter filter significance of difforences (N a 150) (N = 53) ot differences f' 3 4lA), p<,(ll)1 17.7 t' =:Iti.A, p<.001 1.3 9.7 r ¢ ?3.3, p < ,001 0.8 r= 1).7, p E.001 . F' = 1.1. n.a." i?.7 h' = 0.4, n.s: 17.8 /' = 1.0, n.s. 33.6 F s 3.7. n.s. 19.8 33.? r a 0.3. n.a. 18.6 t :. 0.5, n.s. 30.9 r = 0.8. n.x. S•0 I = I.M, n.x. D~Ir lilr w onlcn cnwkera ol plain cigareltts rrt nul alluwn xince Ihcrc werc nnly fau slkll wonun in Ihc.anlplc. I'sacepl flu Ihc luwer cigarclle con.unlptiun n( Ihe :._NI_1N11. /Mllla Ilt II1C IMINr \i1r1:IhIC11.ilUwl'.I :1 ~IzIIIIN':1111 111IICrl'IICC IKINI\11 fl'M'\. tII,IW t/1N11 I~/I\\l'II l'I ill. I/)XQ.) -- - - . -. . _ .... - . . . . ~ 'N/M aigallitrnl.

Medium-Nicotine. Low-Tar UgmseKSx 1303 , ,..~~ !'. It' can be seen that the blood-nicotine levels of smokers of plain, unventi- lated filter and ventilated tilter cigarettcs (means 37.4. 33.9. and 32.9~ ng/ml' respectively) did not difrccr signitikantly dtspike the lar>'e differcnces iin nicotine nicotine yield of cigarette becomes signifiicant only wfiem morepowertul corre- lational'.tests are.used, r = 0.26 in the women (P <.I)01) and r= 0:17 in the = (p < 0.03): The overall correlation (tnen and' women combined) between bloo& nicotine and nicotine yield of ciearette, though stati'sticalfy signilicant.. was low (0.21. p < .001) showing that the: nicotine yield of the cigarettes accounted for only 4.4% of'the variation in blbod-nicotine levels. 1 -. • Blood-nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin ('COHb) levels• are probably the best indices of the amount of smoke taken into the lungs of smokets: Without inhalatidni there is negligible absorption of nicotine and CO. 'Ihe lbnger half-life of COHb (2-3 hours. Russell et al. 19'73; Wald et al. 1975), maces it a better marker of overall smoke intake over the course of a day. whereas peak blood-nit:otine level is determined more by the intake from the preceding cigarette (Russell and'Feyerabend 1978). This difference is reflected in, the cotrelations with cigarette consumption, which. though low, were higher in ttie case of CO'Hb than for blood nicotine. Even with COHb, the correlation withh cigarette consumption was only ©.3 andi indicates that the number of :cigarettes smoked accounted for less than 10% of the variance in the amount of smoke tahen into the litngs. To gain some idea of how the nicotine and CO intake of' the smoking, population may have changed over, the past 20 years a comparison was made beti;.•een three main types of cigarette. 1. Plain (nontilter) cigarettes (tar yield''_4I mg, or more, nicotine 1.7 mg or more),, which were the ciosest approximation available to the higli-tat: -high-nicotine plain cigarettes of the 19605. 2. Typical' middle-tar„ medium-nicotine cigarettes with unNentilated, f lters (tar 17-20 mg, nicotine 1.3-1.4 mg), which have been, the popular cigarettes of the 197bt: - 3. Typical low•-tar., low -nicotine cigarettes with ventilated filters (tar 8 11 mg, nicotine 0:6-a.9 mg), which have been promoted by heaalr authorities as the safer ciganette: of the late 1970s but which have been used regularly byy noimorc than 12hc of the smoking population (NOP 4larket Research Ltd. 1979). Since only four of the'_06 women smoked plain cigarettes this comparison was confined to men. The 15~ male smokers of cigarettes in Lne plain categoryy mentioned above were compared with, 15 other male smokers of cigarettes in each of the unventitated' andi ventilated titlrcer categories. Cigarette consumption and the length of the cigarettes (small or standardi size) were matched in the three groups. None of the plain cigarettes smoked was king-sized. The blood- nicotine andi COHb levels of smokers in these three groups are shown in Fieure ;: together with the averageAaily ci;,uctte con.-umptiun uf the smokers and the average stand:ud tar, nicotine: and, CO yielcls of their cig;ucttus.

---