Tobacco Documents Online

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StnoJce ~Cieieistry 11 93 Figure l Appro:oimate chemical composition of mainsaeam smoke i Data from 1locman 1977) . of sufficient volatility to remain in the vapor state long enough to transir the filter. The filter pad, wetted by the particulate matter collected on early puffs, tends to scrub some of the hydrophitic constituents of the ¢;a phase in subse- quent puffs. As a result, some physicochemically gas-phase constituents are found in the particulate phase. Likewise; volatilt constituents of the particulate phase are swept from the tilltcr pad during, putfing and :ue found in the gas phase. 'ihe term "semivolatile phase" has been used (Norman 1'977') to 10%, SMOKE' 4qeG 4 fsec Figure 2' t00'T. SMOKE pqed 15 sec Tabacoosmoke panpcies tmm prooeas and inunumema smuke e:ponvre machi::C mrxld,lt r Holmbcrs 1979) i

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Li 19a l MA. Guerin Tabie 2' Major Cdnstituents of the Particulate Pfiase of Cigarette Srnoke chetnital Water Humectants Glycols Guentity (englcigt) Fropylene glycol Alkaloids Nicotine Nomicotine I,eaf pigment Tetpenoids Neophytadiene Limonene Cartiozyli~ acids Acetic acid Paltnitic acid'' Waxes nC:u Phenols Phenol Catechol Cresols' Hydroquinone Aldehydes Furfural Benzaldehyde Phytosterols Stiglnasterol Dw from Norman (19^1.. 6.0 3.0 L.: 0.6 O:S ties,the: presenceofthesanteconstituents(tliough ofteni armuchreduced Ievels), and tlee general composition of the organic particulate and vapor phases. 'Iiable 4 shows a comparison of strtoke delivetiies of' eotnrttencial=brand eigarettes on the U:S. market: lt indicates deliveries frotrt 30-1 mg of'tar and 7.5-0.1' ntg of'nicotine (Feder.il Trade Commission U978): The most popular eigarettes typically deliver 18 mg of' tar and 1.7' mg of nicotine (iMacwell' 1g79). Cigarettes delixering, less than 10 mg of tar and 1 mg of nicot'ine are beiag produced and actively marketed by the industry: CO deliveries genetally equal tar dalivernes in absoiute weight (Jrnlbins et al. 1979) : An exception is the lowet than anticipated CO deliveries of nontiltered cig:ueaes. As a resulr, popular fiitered ciearettes deli.•er ~.r~..+ & r rr. .*.... 1005+05312$

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! S Stnoke qsemistry 1203 Snook. M.E:. R.F. Severson. R.F: Arrendale. H:C. Higman.,and O.T. Chortyk. 1978. Multiaikylated polynuelear aromatic hydrocarbons of tobacco smoke: Separ.ttions and identifications. Brrt: Ti:buk!'orsclr. 9:222. Spintspr: D: and B.C. Chard: 197'1'4 The determination of formaldehyde in cigarette smoke. B'eit. TabalgfbrscJt. 6:74. Wakeham. H. 1972. Recent trends in tobacco and' tobaeco smoke rtsearch. In The elumistry ojtobucco und'tolwcc•o rmuoke. (td. L Schmeltz). p. 1. Plenum Press. New York. Wynder. E.L. and D. Hofftnann. 1967. Tobuccoland tobacco sncoke. Academic Press, New York. COMMENTS GO¢tl: Could you tell'us about some of the other physical characteristics of smole that may be pertinent to some of the bioassay issues that' we are facing . particularly in relation to the questions of particle size, aging: and things of' this sort. Gt7ERiN: I'belit:ve that'the data I presentedlserves to demonstrate the complexity of cigarette smoke. It may not be clear. however. that cigarette smoke cann also be highly variable in its composition, and it is constantly changing. Grosslydifferent puffing parameters will produce different total!deliM1enes of smoke by a given cigarette and can yield a chemically di'fferent'smoke. The smoke issuing from a cigarette between pudfs is different from that drawn from the butt-end of the cigarette by the smoker. Oto standing, the mean particle size of'whole smoke increases, nitric oxide reacts to forsn: nitrogen dioxide; and many other chemical reactions probably occur:. ' These problems are especially critical to inhalation bioassays where an important consideration is relevance of the inhalrant to human experience. Inhalation exposure devices must be desigrted and'the resulting smoke must bechatacterized and monitored'witti the integrity of the smoke inimindl eA1*iiGEilU: I would liia: to hear'some comments on the physical state of these Ioartieulates. As you kn^w. when we discussed the engineering of particulate size, namdymakin2 them bigger so thaCwe canianticipate their position, we may accomplish little if'these partit:Ies are highly soluble. Is there any evidence that thereare less soluble particulates or'that there isany way that this diminished solubility may be accomplished in cigarene smoke? CUERdM: The particulate matter in smoke is about ?Oc water, and the~ great percentage of the mass of the particles is due to water-soluble constituents. The particles are liquid and predominantly hydrophilic. Once the putticles impact in the oral cavity ur respiratory trsct l'should ezpect they would lo!,e their identity as their constituent chemicals are distributed into the body. Beyond proposals for lipophilic patticles we;ociated withi the polctnium- 2,I 0question and'subgestinns of, the presznce vf a ifew ,ulid particles ( ch:ured tobacco, filter fibers, or other unusual origin). I' am not aware of anyy evidence of significant quantities or numbers of poorly w;ttct soluble p•.trti-