Tobacco Documents Online

KCBS' 'TOBACCO INDtJSTRY CONTRIBUTES TO SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROJECTS about late developments in research, and he gave this comment to tor of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee, is in San Francisco for the American Public Health~Association convention. He was asked some progress toward solving the question of whether cigarettes and cancer are related. Dr. Robert Hockett, Associate Scientific Direc- DON MZLEY: "A medical man retained by the tobacco industry reports -KCBS News:" or really important factor in the cancer picture. of work by other people in various parts of the world. It seems to me that in general the effects of these new observations is to rather decrease the evidence that tobacco is any kind of a primary .ments. Some of these are our.own program, and some of themlare out HOCKETT: (ON TAPE) "There have been a great many recent develop- "For exarnple, there have been several reports lately from different parts of the world to the effect that lung cancers may arrive out of old tubercular scars. I'm rather impressed by the fact that these come, not from just one place but from many places. And we know, of course, that nowadays tuberculosis is generally cured or arrested by some of the new drugs, and'that people with healed lesions live to a much greater age than they used to." generally?" MOZLEY: "Well now, is the industry trying to literally prove its tase, or is it doing research to help the medical problem of cancer has turned over this entire fund to an advisory board of physicians and scientists. And their only directive to these men is to study all angles of the question with relation between tobacco and human health. So it's on a very broad basis. So that the purpose of our board of independent scientists is just to get the facts, however these may turn out." (END TAPE) HOCKETT: "Well, you see, the industry, while they provide the fund's. 2 MOZLEY: "That was Dr. Robert Hockett of the Tobacco Industry's Reseach Committee."'

;;:FOR: Members, Tobacco Institute and TIRC Condensed from Public Sources by Hill and Knowlton, Inc. NEWSPAPERS TOBACCO NEWS SUMMARY Nos. 6-9 / February 18, 1960 "No One Knows If Cancer Is Caused by Smoking." WASHINGTON DAILY NEWS, February 17, 1960. The story by Scripps-Howard science writer John Troan on Dr. Little's 1959 Report ' . ;, gathered during the past year casts doubt on many previous research~ findings and , for the tobacco industry declared today. Indeed Dr C C Little contended evidence ,says: "Nobody really knows whether smoking causes lung cancer, the chief scientist leaves in a more confused state than ever the question of whether smoking plays 'any role' in this disease." York City newspapers and also were carried by AP and UPI news wire services. Other stories on the 1959 Report of the Scientific Director of TIRC appeared in New show that the length of the butt has something to do with the incidence of lung cancer Toronto (AP) -- Drs. Ernest L. Wynder and E. Cuyler Haamiond of New York published in the "Journal of the Canadian Medical Association" their findings on length of cig- arette butts collected in four Canadian cities during a six-week period. They hope to "Doctors Study 6,428 Canadian Cigarette Butts." NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE, February 16, 1960. among cigarette smokers. 0, , ~~ ~ ~l ' ~ . - .. ' . . . . "1 ~ . .. . ~. . "Scientist Blames Polluted Air For Lung Cancer." MIAMI (FLA.) HERALD, February 14, 1960. Madisony Wis. (UPI) -- A world authority on mathematical statistics said "this pol- luted atmosphere we line in" is probably a greater cause of lung cancer than smoking. Sir Ronald Fisher of Cambridge University, England, told a University of Wisconsin audience: "We don't always appreciate the mess we're making of the atmosphere...." He criticized "recent propaganda" citing smoking as the main cause of lung cancer and ` said "the statisticians may be barking up the wrong tree." I The March issue of READER'S DIGEST, (on the newsstands February 23,) has an article "Facts Everyone Should Know About Cancer"'by J. D. Ratcliff. The article poses a series of questions to several doctors including Dr. Harold S. Diehl, senior vice president for research and medical affairs, American Cancer Society. (Note: Associated Press also carried a story on Sir Ronal3 Fisher, which was used in such papers as Christian Science Monitor, Washington Evening Star and others.) MACAZi.~IdES READER'S DIGEST. March 1960 issue. In response to the question "What steps can one take to avoid cancer?" Dr. Diehl . replied'irn part: ."The greatest possibility of preventing cancer is to avoid exposure to the cancer-producing effects of tobacco smoke, particularly cigarette smoke.... . Some groups, heavy smokers for-example, should have chest x-rays every six months..."

1!S, .) `~ f i` . ,.~ ._ .. ~

A ,. I < FOR: Members, Tobacco Institute and TIRC TOBACCO NEWS SUMMARY Nos. 19-20 , Condensed from Public Sources March 11, 1960 4 by Hill and Knowlton, Inc. ^ NEWSPAPERS . "Insurance Break for Non-Smokers?" NEW YORK HERALD TtIBUNE. March 11, 1960, '' I # % , t +,;~~'^ FDonald I.Rogers, Business and Financial Editor, says in his column that Y', leading life insurance companies are considering lower rates for persons ,r J 01 ` ` Who do not smoke cigarettes. According to Rogers, the move is predicated upon the development by the drug industry of a foolproof test that will show whether or not the policyholder is a smoker. ; "It was learned yesterday that such a test may not be far off," Rogers said. _ ... ( . ' . /' . ,. .f_. Further quotes from his column. ----- "This is the first acknowledgment by the insurance industry -- whichy after all, holds most of the actual money in the disputatious betting in the controversy of cigarettes versus lung cancer -- that the figures compiled by the anti-cigarette..clinicians have been taken seriously" ----- "Those figures which tie lung cancer to cigarette smoking are, in the opinion of most experts, inconclusive. Still, the rising incidence of death by lung cancer causes grave concern among the life underwriters." ---- "Under investigation besides cigarettes are such things as air pollution, diet, viruses and radiation." ----- "By far the biggest culprit, at this date, is cigarette smoking. Leading scientific teams and private studies have indicated a relation- ship between the incidence of lung cancer and cigarette smoking." ----- "If the manufacturing drug industry can produce a simple test such as a saliva test, wh_ich will definitely prove thc smoking habits of a policy applicant, leading insurance companies are prepared to consider a special and a favorable premium rate for the non-smoker." "Heavy Smoking No Cause of Cancer, Doctor Claims." PITBSBURGH POST- GAZETIE. March 10, 19b0 This two-column story by staff writer Albert Bloom quotes Dr. Paul Kotiny University of Southern California pathologist, as saying that smoking two-and-a-half packs of cigarettes daily won"t "cause" lung cancer. . "Cigarettes are not a source" of the cause of cancer; rather they are a source of smoke "irritants," Dr. Kotin told a University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health seminar. Cigarette smoking may help open the The story then went on to describe Dr. Kotin's research on air pollution. lung cell doors to cancer, he conjectured. A !~,'<?s'".

NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE $1300,000 f or Canc er Study The Tobacco Industry Research Committee has increased its 1960 financial support of cancer stud- ies by $300;000, according to Tim- othy V. Hartnett, chairman. The committee, Mr. Hartnett f:' pointed out, had originally al- located $,500,000 for this year's in- ' 'dependent research and' grants in "aid, but added that recent cancer . research has opened up vast new areas which require investigation. These areas, he explained, in- clude: studies of the possible role of viruses in cancer; the possible role of previous infect'ions su& as tuberculosis or of injuries in the origin of lung cancer; studies of smokers vs. non-smokers, and ex- tension of studies of the influence of environmetal pollution on the bronchiall lining. ~ . x c ~ The tobacco industry as increased Its fin~anc~ial"~support O of private researck into possible causes of lung cancer. An ~, additional $30U;000 has been authorized for this year, bringing to $4 million the total research appropriatfon according to the Tobacco Industry Research Committee. ThP Industry contends there is no proof of any connection between cigaret smoking and lung cancer... DISPATCH Henderson, North Carolina October 11, 1960 ~11ore Funds Fer ~ ~ Cancer Research M- Made Available ~ NEW YORK - The Tobacco In- ~ dustry Research Committee ;s step- ping up its financial support of in- dependent dependent healtiv research and " 1 broadening the scope of its grant's- ~ in-said program, Tomithy V. Hart• 4 nett, chairman, announced today The reason: cancer research has \ opened up new areas that need • further investigation. such as virus- es,,previous lung damage, constitu- tional differences among smokers and non-smokers, and air pollution Hartnett said, An adn,tional 5300,000 has beer, authorized for scientific study this year making a total of $4 millior rince t'.e committee's inception in 1954, Hartnett said. The new funds are in addition to tht committee's regular appropriation of $500.000 for 1960. The extra funds were requested by Dr. Clarence Cook Little, scien- tific director of the committee, be- cause of the growing complexities of scientific work on major health problems. New York, New York October 11, 1960 Tobacco Men Add Fund f or Cancer Stud Give $300,000 For Broader Research The Tobacco Industry Re- 6eareh Committee announced yesterday tt had appropriated =300,000 in additional funds for tts 1960 cancer research pro- gram. It had previously granted =500.000 for support of inde- pendent health researeh pro- grams. Timothy V. Hartnett, chair- man of the tobacco industry- eupported committee, said the funds would be used to broaden the scope of the committee's grants-in-aid program to in- clude new areas of research into possible causes of cancer. Viruses, previous lung damage, constitutional differences be- tween smokers and non-smokers and air pollution will be the areas investigated. Other Origins Dr. Clarence Cook Little, sci- entiflc director of the commit- tee, said he had requested the funds because "intensive re- search efforts im the last few years have opened many doors of knowledge in the search for the origins of lung cancer and heart disease. It has become in- creasingly evident that concen- tration on a single factor, such as smoking, will not produce the answer to these exceedingly complex problems." Dr. Little added, "Charges against smoking have been put through extensive research~ and have not been proved in the scientific laboratory. The re- sults of recent research tend to raise doubts about, rather. than support, the claims that smoking is a major causative factor in ing cancer." Identifies Factors He said "many factors In a eomplex chain" may "result in lung cancer." He Identified "a few" as "air pollution, viruses,, lung damage, poor nutrit'ion,, constitut'ionall makeup, ex- posure to occupational hazards and fumes from motor fuels." The T. I. R. C. has granted =4,000,000 since its formation in 1954' to cancer research proj- ects.

,. . _ . . .. _ ;. , . . . . . .. ;-,.•., , . _ . - ,_ . . , .,..,. _,... _ ,`(Editor's Note: Many stories appeared each day in California-area newspapers on ;:;:.the proceedings of the symposium, "Man and His Environment--The Air We Breathe.",. ~::A few of these stories, wire service stories and the TIME magazine article are ~. . s'tmmarized here. NEWSPAPERS 2. "Emphasis Disputed in Cancer Findings." THE NEW YORK TIMES. January 19, 1960. San Francisco (AP) -- Views expressed at a news conference by Drs. Joseph Berkson and E. Cuyler F=unond are reported. Dr. Berkson charged that the real findings in two surveys linking,smoking and lung cancer were mis- represented by propagandists; the cancer angle was played up, he said, while other findings indicating that smoking was a much greater factor in heart-disease deaths and a minor factor in several other diseases were TIME. January 25, 1960 . In its' opening paragraph, TINlE says : ~lattering recriminations, the two sides in the smoking-and- ~~,;: • -. . :... "A.fter years of bombarding each other with flat denials and un- one-sided meetings -- either by those who indict heavy cigarette ~last,week. Previously, evidence has usually been offered at ,lung-cancer controversy came close to sense-making agreement .smoking as the principal cause or by those who put the blame for lung cancer's explosive increase on general atmospheric pollution. auspices of the University of California; the Tobacco Industry Last week authorities from both schools met in San Francisco under practitioner, and Dr. Paul Kotin, of the University of Southern California. Research Committee put up $28,000 toward expenses. Papers reported are those of Dr. David F. Eastcott, a New Zealand general . .lead to cancer while Dr. Kotin thought smoking sets the stage for the air air pollution sets the stage for smoking to damage the lungs and perhaps in their theories of sequence," TIME adds, "Dr. Eastcott thought British for multiple causation...." of lung cancer. "The researchers still differed TIME's observation is that Dr. Kotin, like Dr. Eastcott, "...also plumped pollution villain.... " in their cigaa:ette consumption), the American Cancer Society's Dr. E. Cuyler Aammond suggested that men are more exposed to industrial fumes and dusts. "As for the difference in lung-cancer death rates between men and women (which~the tobacco industry maintains is far greater than the difference About other matters discussed by conference participants, TIlM says of one: virtually ignored. "Dr. E. Cuyler Hammond, co-author of one of the surveys, agreed that his findings had shown that increasing cancer deaths among smokers were 'a relatively minor part of the total impact of smoking on over-all death rates'...."' .

In a lengthy (over four columns) letter to the editor of JAMA, Dr. Joseph Berkson of the Mayo Clinic takes issue with the article on smoking and t'~`?x~x~~ + ,lung cancer by Surgeon General Burney that appeared in the November 28, . 1959, JAMA. ~ ~' .. f . .,._., , . , ',Berkson writes in part: "In general, the (Surgeon General's) article ` s is characterized by an imprecision of language and thought that renders "can "be properly designated a statement of the Public Health Service." . ,takes up many points in detail and questions whether the Burney article leading with regard to the basic questions at issue." The letter then it contains some frank errors of ommission and commission which are mis- inaccurate almost every important point it deals with. In particular, ''` , Immediately preceding Dr. Berkson's' letter is one by Dr. David D. Rutstein, "I am shocked by your editorial on smoking and lung cancer. Could you - Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard University, that says in full: :define the kind of,evidence which;.you would accept as showing a relation- -ship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer?" This letter is followed by an editor's note saying: "See the following communication," referring to Dr. Berkson's letter. 11. Medical Student Blasts Cancer-Smoking Data. LOS ANGELES TIMES. according to studies made in the U.S. and England. . said lung cancer was twice as-great in urbanareas than in rural areas a speech at,the University of_Southern California School of Medicine he ".4 Dr. Michael B. Shimkin, chief of the statistical section of the National W Cancer Institute, said "there's not much question" that air pollutants ~ contributed to the increase in lung cancer incidence in Los Angeles. In February 18, 1960. 0 link lung cancer to smoking. Association today criticized the interpretation of the statistics that 1qEWSPAPERS February 23, 1960. Chicago (UPI) -- The official Journal of the Student American Medical The criticism was made in an article written by James E. Russell, a third- year student at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. His article said "studies, unsupported by corroborative experimental data, show only the number of smokers who have lung cancer." 12. Smog in L.A. Blamed for Lung Cancer. HOLLYWOOD (Calif.) CITIZEN-NEF1S. ~ .; - :~,

~ i 1 l FOR: Members, Tobacco Institute and TIRC Condensed from Public Sources by Hill and Knowlton, Inc. f r NEWSPAPERS se."', ., X This special story from Chicago is on the letter to the editor by l ;- Dr. Joseph~ Berkson of the Mayo Clinic that appeared in the February 27 ~r ;~ '..' issue of the Journal of' the American Medical Association. (See TNS No. 10) ! f/'ky ~' r1r ..,-:. .. ....,. ., ;..:- ., .. . . ._ .. .. . . . '~: r + t`;;i7 ~`7 . VT •j 'The"conclusion of Surgeon General Leroy E. Burney that the weight of evidence implicates smoking as the 'principal' cause of the increased rate of lung cancer has been challenged by a Mayo Clinic scientist He said more 'serious investigation' is needed.". ~ . S. j., .. The story then goes on to quote Dr. Berkson's letter at length. (A ;-lengthy story on Dr. Berkson's letter, written by staff writer Pete Eilis, also appeared in the February 26 Winston-Salem (N.C.) Journal with this headline: Doctor Blasts Report Linking Smoking, Cancex). 14. & V to Help Offset Cigarette Ads." TOWN & VILLAGE, February 18, 1960 (A New York City weekly) "TOWN & VILLAGE agreed last week to make free space available to help advertising.' Charles G. Hagedorn, editor and publisher of T & V, the American Cancer Society conduct a' campaign to counteract cigarette told Dr. :`•`•orton Levin, who first suggested the advertising campaign: "Your suggestion to run an advertising campaign by the Society to warn about the hazards of cigarette smoking certainly would expose the public to the much-needed facts about smoking. Count on us for the fullest cooperation." Dr. Levin,'of Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, N.Y.~ proposed the "counteracting" campaign at a recent meeting of volunteer leaders 13. "Burney Disputed On Smoking Link." THE NEW YORK TIMES, February 28, 1960." Sub-head: Mayo Clinic Scientist Says He Doubts Tobacco is Main Cancer of the 1960 cancer crusade at Columbus, Ohio. . ,.. i~Y TOBACCO NEWSSUMt+ARY Nos. 13-14 March 1, 196o Y )-b 'Y.

Nos. 1-5 January 19, 1960 ••I ."Lung_Cancer Figures False, UC Meet Told." SAN FRAhTCISCO (CALIF.) EXAMINER. January 19, 1960. . . . . . ~ , • t, 4'~:~' . .. ~. ' ~ . . . . - . . - . ' ,°The popular idea that cigaret smoking is a major cause of lung cancer arose .out of a 'reprehensible and socially irresponsible propaganda campaign,' a°%, Mayo Clinic physician charged," EXAMINER'Science Editor John F. Allen writes of Dr. Joseph~Berkson's comments during "a press conference debate with ''~j •:Dr. E. Cuyler Hammond, the American Cancer Society's statistical director and author of the major study linking smoking and lung cancer...." '~Allen adds "On one point the two men were agreed: that the statistics had ` been misused to give the impression that lung cancer accounts for most of ;: the deaths due to smoking." ~:.. He quotes Dr. Berkson as saying that statistics gathered by the American Cancer Society are probably "completely spurious," and, if they have any validity at all, they show that the major effect of heavy cigaret smoking is a sharp increase in deaths from heart attacks. "But, he said, because the statistics were gathered with lung cancer in mind, they have been deliberately and wrongly used -- with 'Madison~Ave.techniques' -- to play up that facet and ignore others...." "Doctor Hammond," Allen adds, "maintained first that his statistics are valid, and second that he always had been careful to point out that heart attack t deaths far outnumbered lung cancer deaths among smokers. He attempted to fix the blame for the over-emphasis on lung cancer on the way the story of his statistics was played'up by news media...... ' "Polluted Air Called Lung Cancer Cause." NEW YORK WORLD-TELEGBAM AND SUN. January 16, 1960. San Francisco (AP) -- "A massive 10-year study of people in New Zealand has °yielded plain evidence that polluted air is a cause of lung cancer," this vire service article says in giving many details of Dr. David F. Eastcott's report. "Air Pollution 'a Major Cause' -- Study of Imrnibrants Gives Lung Cancer Clue." SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE. January 16, 19 . Reporter David Perlman writes of Dr. Eastcott's paper, "A searching new study of population and disease offers 'ample evidence' that air pollution is a major cause of lung cancer...." . . ` . -R ~~61 ~ , ~ r 5.~ h.([ S`~,# Page 2-- TOBACCO NEWS SUMMARY -Xxx-

NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE $1300,000 f or Canc er Study The Tobacco Industry Research Committee has increased its 1960 financial support of cancer stud- ies by $300;000, according to Tim- othy V. Hartnett, chairman. The committee, Mr. Hartnett f:' pointed out, had originally al- located $,500,000 for this year's in- ' 'dependent research and' grants in "aid, but added that recent cancer . research has opened up vast new areas which require investigation. These areas, he explained, in- clude: studies of the possible role of viruses in cancer; the possible role of previous infect'ions su& as tuberculosis or of injuries in the origin of lung cancer; studies of smokers vs. non-smokers, and ex- tension of studies of the influence of environmetal pollution on the bronchiall lining. ~ . x c ~ The tobacco industry as increased Its fin~anc~ial"~support O of private researck into possible causes of lung cancer. An ~, additional $30U;000 has been authorized for this year, bringing to $4 million the total research appropriatfon according to the Tobacco Industry Research Committee. ThP Industry contends there is no proof of any connection between cigaret smoking and lung cancer... DISPATCH Henderson, North Carolina October 11, 1960 ~11ore Funds Fer ~ ~ Cancer Research M- Made Available ~ NEW YORK - The Tobacco In- ~ dustry Research Committee ;s step- ping up its financial support of in- dependent dependent healtiv research and " 1 broadening the scope of its grant's- ~ in-said program, Tomithy V. Hart• 4 nett, chairman, announced today The reason: cancer research has \ opened up new areas that need • further investigation. such as virus- es,,previous lung damage, constitu- tional differences among smokers and non-smokers, and air pollution Hartnett said, An adn,tional 5300,000 has beer, authorized for scientific study this year making a total of $4 millior rince t'.e committee's inception in 1954, Hartnett said. The new funds are in addition to tht committee's regular appropriation of $500.000 for 1960. The extra funds were requested by Dr. Clarence Cook Little, scien- tific director of the committee, be- cause of the growing complexities of scientific work on major health problems. New York, New York October 11, 1960 Tobacco Men Add Fund f or Cancer Stud Give $300,000 For Broader Research The Tobacco Industry Re- 6eareh Committee announced yesterday tt had appropriated =300,000 in additional funds for tts 1960 cancer research pro- gram. It had previously granted =500.000 for support of inde- pendent health researeh pro- grams. Timothy V. Hartnett, chair- man of the tobacco industry- eupported committee, said the funds would be used to broaden the scope of the committee's grants-in-aid program to in- clude new areas of research into possible causes of cancer. Viruses, previous lung damage, constitutional differences be- tween smokers and non-smokers and air pollution will be the areas investigated. Other Origins Dr. Clarence Cook Little, sci- entiflc director of the commit- tee, said he had requested the funds because "intensive re- search efforts im the last few years have opened many doors of knowledge in the search for the origins of lung cancer and heart disease. It has become in- creasingly evident that concen- tration on a single factor, such as smoking, will not produce the answer to these exceedingly complex problems." Dr. Little added, "Charges against smoking have been put through extensive research~ and have not been proved in the scientific laboratory. The re- sults of recent research tend to raise doubts about, rather. than support, the claims that smoking is a major causative factor in ing cancer." Identifies Factors He said "many factors In a eomplex chain" may "result in lung cancer." He Identified "a few" as "air pollution, viruses,, lung damage, poor nutrit'ion,, constitut'ionall makeup, ex- posure to occupational hazards and fumes from motor fuels." The T. I. R. C. has granted =4,000,000 since its formation in 1954' to cancer research proj- ects.