Tobacco Documents Online

a Stories on Dr. Homburger's paper were noted in these:tvo~newspapers, and C C C several papers receiving the Herald-Tribune news service. THE WASHINGTON POST Washinp,ton„ D.C. April 18, 1962 Tobacco Industry Study Finds Cancer Agent By Nate Haseltine I~e ability*to stop virus inec-',w^as 7ound that man: could meclianism, the relatively, n.rt R<oa.«r ltiful~__U2 f9rPr other_ bcay dt: mal:e it chemiaals. - slow buildUp of antibodies to tenses can be mustered. Zm- in, their research, the Be- ihat virus., ATLANTIC: CITQC„ April 17portance of the findings is'Itlicsda investigators purpo.sely, Significance of the feat is' - Costly research finaneedithat the blood product, Inter-linfected ,test rats with~ vac- that the results show that entirely by the tobacco in feron can be produced in cihia, the live vltus vaccine chemically-concocted I nt e r- dtutry has confirmed long1chemical'laboratories. +lt,cd to immunize humans feron, injected early after challenged reports that' cig I iht4rferon has been the sub- against smallpox. Then• they known exposure, may abort arette smoking oan produceject of intensified research _ virus diseases before body products: that induce skin since tU a~T-iral,-proPerties.teported, they stopped that in- dama e occurs. cancers in mice:, were first discovered' and iNfection with'out the help of the g dv n o r m a l protective . Reporting the research werc b s The report of the confii•ma~ - tionswas:given~here today by Dr... Freddy Hpmburger, med- ical researcher[ of Boston, to a scientific session of the current 46th annual meeting of the Federation of Amer- ican Societiess for Experi- mental Bialogy. The research was instituted. Dr. Homburger said, because a oarietyof scie.ntistshad re- ported' theyy couldd notdupli- cate the resultss reported':in1958 by Dr. Ernest Wynder; now of Slban-Kettering Insti. tue for Cancer Research. Homburger's experiments not only confitmedl that the painting of smoke conden- sates periodically on the skin of mice can produce cancers. but alSo that theyproducey them to about the same de-gree.of incidence as Dr. Wyn~ der had reported. Neither report„ of course, proves that cigarettee smokingcauscslung cancer: in humans -though they lend some sup-. port to that claim. Homburger reported todayy that hee used three kinds of tobacco, cigaretle,., pipeand cigan AiV weree preparedd for snioking+n cigaretteform on a mechanical smoker. Their smoke condensates(tats):werc separately collected. Surornsingiy,, ther~~ was :veryl`.ttledifterence hetweem :he tobaccos and' ttie: number of tumors that developed. Thiscr.itrasts toth'e CancPrSo-ciety.etudy, whieh found that enly cicarette- sm.oice3 grea,tlY outnue,b.ed'nonsnokersin lung cancer incidence: Pipe and cigar smokers showed only a: slightt increase over .nonsmokers.. Thenew'est research, still underway a.fterr lwoo y'ears, was financed by a three-year grant of $28.750 a year from the Tobacco~ Industry Re, search Committee. Four medical investigators fromdheNatlor.ai ]nstitutes 01 ' Hcalth;. Bcth2,da.. \fd.,, report- ed that a normallyweak a:nti-viral component of blood lia~ u Drs. Samuel Baron„Robert M. N'EW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE New York, New York April! 18,: 1962' Tar&M ice - Cancer; Tar & Men? Friedman and Robert I. Stien- muller, and a research as- sociate, Charles E., Buckler. : with the fleld sttudies of human being which associate cigarettee smoking with cancer. The testss were carried out by Dr. Fred Homburger, a well knowa cancer researcher who heads the Bio-Research Insti- tute, a private research labora- By Earl Ubell tory in Cambridigc, Mass. They Science Editbr involved paintingg theskin~ of CITY. mice twice a week with tar ATLANTIC from one cigarette. The presence of cancer- At theend':oPtw•o years.,be:- causing substances In tobacco tween, 45, per cent and 635 per thrhaabeenconflrmedbyanewc^nt otthe palntedd animalss atudy involving a1000 mice. came down with tumors, one- The results showed pipee to- thirdof them cancers. The evi- bacco produced more tumors dence appearss to~ suppart: in, than cigar tobacco, and cigar to- detall sim119:.r experiments car- bacco more than cigarettea- rled~ out eigAt' yearsago atHowever, tumors technically tn- Washington University, in StL clude both, benign and malig- Louis:, byy the late Dr. Evartsr nant growths. When oniy.can-Graham hmiseif aa victim of cers were counted., all the tb- lung cancer, and Dr. Ernest ~baccosproducedabout'the.sameWynder, now at the Sloan- number of cancerous animals:'Kettering:Institute:. Dr. Wynder 20 per cent of each group ofhas since followed up this study mice. 1n, attempttng to isolatee the The research, reported yester- partlcular, eaneer-eausing agent. dayfory tne first time, had been Hnancedbyathree-year grant Temperature Impartant: -of $86•250 from the Tobacco In- VP to thiscurrenttest, other~ dustry Research Committee. . researcherstiave had! diRlcult5'Dr. Clarence Cooke Little, !n getting thesame consistent ehairman of the. industryef7ecdswhinh Dr. Wynder ob, group'sScientiflc AdviSorytained:IDr.Homuurgerreported Board• said his board never had . thatt thetemi,e~rsture aG which -any doubt that tobacco tars eon-thetobaccois- smoked is critical. ta^ned ca,aer-provokeas, known, To get.t histar• Dr:. 3om- sctentiflcallyas.csrctnoger•sy burqer, askedi the Acoustics . ~fiee„Yes:*.7en-" Pap^r Co., o: Ol!a.. t~dustrles.• xeached b;•telenhune at.'.' to use a special, clgarette- home. In. Bar Harbor, Me., Dr.. amoking. tar-collecRing ma- Little:was.asked:e chine. This machine smoked "Would you say this research cigarette, pipe and cigar tobac. proves that tobacco tar contains cas,, fabricated ass identical eareinogens?" eigarettes. Thee temperature "For mice?:"' was 1.600 degrees Fahrenheit. "Yes." the same temperature . used': by "Ab'solutelyyesl Without Dr. Wynder..Other researchersquestiont" had employed lbwer tempera- However, Dr. Littlce was moree tures.. charywhen it came to extending Dr, Homburger said the. the4lndingsto man. He saitl.he higtiertemperaturewas the once wanted 00 studyy theflndingse hebelie.ved existed in the: burn- presented to the annuai meeting Ing end of cigarettes as smoked'~ of the Federation of American byhuman beings. Societies for Experimental B7- Female micehnd consistentlyMogy and tryy to square them htehtrnumbers ot':cnncera [han, the males althougivthe differ- ence was,not.morethan a feww per cent,. Dr. Homb'urger, . said. If he calculated'~the dbsee of the tar,.Dr..Homburger said, itt took ab'out. 100~ cigarettesto producetheta.r sufficient to~ evoke thecancers..If he.took- Into accoun4 the relative sizes otman and mouse• the dose for . a man:was the equivalent of a pack of cigarettesa:day'for:.50years; he said. "But' you really can't make this jump,',• Dr. Homburger said. "We painta spot.on the skin thesizee of a postage stamp; when youihhalecigazettearnoke„ you spread it over thousands: of square feete of tissue In the.lung• That reduces' the local doseenormously."' ,• Pipe.and Ciga hr If.the pipeand'cigar tobaccosproduced more tumors, why aree they associated withlesscan- eer in thestatistieal studiesof man? Dr. Homtiurger said W might be that the.cigar and plpe smoke: isso heavy that itis difficult to inhalee it into the lungs. T4tis has been th:erea- son,given..by other researchers. I Dr. I,omburger said he un- dertook the.studS^ forChe To- bacco Committee under:r care:- fully controlled circumstances. Fo',: example• he painted ~ some of the: mice with a solution of acetone, tbe soh^enV in whicn, ttiee tar was dissolved f:r the other: mice. These acetone- paintedmicedeveloped no tu- mors. Also, he didnit know which tar was which; thcywere coded by number and the code was kept locked upby the Na• tionaLInstitutes of Health. Thee cigarette-smoking machine.was ~ approved by the TobaccoCom- mittee. as well:. What ls, the Tobacco Com. mittee going to * . now? Dr. Little said itwill study there- portverycarefullyande con- tinue to support rasearah in the.